2006-2007 Regents Biology

Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy

ATP

Regents Biology

Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers

What do we need energy for? synthesis reproduction active transport movement temperature control

Regents Biology

Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in organic molecules

carbohydrates, fats, proteins Animals eat these organic molecules food

digest food to get fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids

2006-2007 Regents Biology

ATP

What is energy in biology?

Whoa! Hot stuff!

Regents Biology

Harvesting energy stored in food Cellular respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen

formula shows glucose, but that is just an example could be other sugars, fats or proteins

glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide

C6H12O6 6O26CO2 6H2O ATP+ + + + heat

Regents Biology

What do we need to make energy? The “Furnace”

mitochondria

Fuel food

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

The Helpers oxygen

“aerobic” enzymes

O2

food

ATP

Make ATP!Make ATP!

All I do all day…And no one

even notices!

Regents Biology

Breaking it down… Step 1 = _____________

Anaerobic Occurs in

cytoplasm Glucose in Pyruvic acid,

NADH, and 2 ATP out

glycolysis

And now I’m pyruvic acid!

I came from ½ of glucose…

Regents Biology

Let’s keep on trucking… Step 2 = ____________

aka Krebs cycle – the merry-go-round of energy!

Aerobic Occurs in

mitochondria Pyruvic acid, ATP, and

NADH inin 2 ATP, carbon dioxide,

hydrogens, and energized electrons outout

Citric acid cycle

Regents Biology

The big finale! Step 3 = __________________

Aerobic Occurs in mitochondria

Stair step release of energyrelease of energy from

electrons used to makemake 32 ATP and water

Electron transport chain

Regents Biology

Electron Transport Chain

This is our friend NADH

Regents Biology

The BIG picture• Oxygen, glucose, and water in

• Carbon dioxide, ATP, and water out

Regents Biology

CO2 + H2O + heatfuel

(carbohydrates)

O2

“Burn fuels” to make energycombustionmaking heat energy by burning fuels in one step

ATP

CO2 + H2O + ATP (+ heat)

respirationmaking ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps

food(carbohydrates)

O2

Regents Biology

Using ATP to do work?

A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second

Whoa! Pass me

the glucose& oxygen!

Can’t store ATP too unstableonly used in cell

that produces itonly short term

energy storage carbohydrates & fats

are long term energy storage

ATP

ADP + P

work

Regents Biology

A Body’s Energy Budget

eatfood

synthesis

• resting energy• activity• temperature

control{• growth• reproduction{

storage• glycogen• fat{

ATP

Regents Biology

What if oxygen is missing? Can’t complete aerobic respiration

alcohol fermentation yeast

glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol

make beer, wine, bread

lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals

glucose ATP + lactic acid make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue

O2

but only make a little bit of ATP!but only make a little bit of ATP!

2006-2007 Regents Biology

Any Questions??