Regime Officials & Human Rights Atrocities

8/8/2019 Regime Officials & Human Rights Atrocities

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2/35

Ct`gkcd Qlz|a`cd @cel+\z

Kgnkh|m Gnkgmceligm Gsg}h``gn Gnkgm Igeeg}c

Gsg}h``gn Tgslm G`c Fngkgelc Gsg}h``gn Gfagq Ngtnlkc

Qgotgeigec

Kltagn Sgymc Sgmh``gn Igvgec

Bnh`gk Nhttlce Khntlec Lilc

Ctkgc` Gnkgmc Khbngmgk

G`c Tgllmc

Nhttlce Tngqcg}kgmgqc

Tgmlw Kgnth|`c Gah`bngttlk Tg`gvg}c

G`c @gqcigec Khngkkgm Igvgm @gqcigec Tgml @gqc gec

Kgihq Blelqg` Khngkkgm

G`c Igogqc Khngkkgm Kh ncttln

Aqcbgmclq+Blelqg` GnkgmQlyg Qgmge

Tgllm Khq}gygvc H}nlq

Dqlmc}9 ]ckl, Tnco}ln Getgqc, Khntle Kgfnkg`ago , Ce}lqeg}cheg` Dgkzgcbe ohq N|kge Qcbn}t ce Cqge, gem Geheskh|t


3/35


4/35

Kgnkh|m Gnkgmceligm

+ ,

kgshq Gnkgmceligm rhe }nl zqltcmleds ce 1::


5/35

Gsg}h``gn Tgslm G`c Fngkgelc

Dhkkgemlq ce dnclo ho }nl gqklm ohqdlt }nl |`}ckg}lg|}nhqc}s ce dngqbl ho }nl tld|qc}s gem ce}l``cbledl

gzzgqg}|t, gt rl`` gt }nl i|mcdcg` aqgedn Ha`cbg}lm }h hqmlq cevlt}cbg}che gem zqhtld|}che @gdfceb }nl dngqctkg, ql`cbch|t qgef gem oh|emceb+og}nlq

zqlt}cbl ho nct zqlmldltthq, nl th|bn} }h ah`t}lq nctg|}nhqc}s as t|zzhq}ceb qgmcdg` Ct`gkcd dg|tlt gemgzzlgqceb gt }nl gv|ed|`gq nlgm ho }nl Cqgecge ogkc`s%

Nct w|cdf t|zzhq} ho }nl mctz|}lm l`ld}che qlt|`} ah}n"

mlkhdqgds mlkgemt gem l~zhtlt nck gt g bqhrceb }gqbl}ohq Cqgecget tllfceb dngebl%

Gttl}t 11 ac``che mh``gqt dgtn 7: ac``che mh``gqt ct ce agef gddh|e}t9 Q|ttcg, Tsqcg,

Dnceg, _lely|l`g, Th|}n Goqcdg, @hemhe, h}nlq dh|e}qclt,gem t}hdft ce b`hag` kgqfl}t


6/35

Gsg}h``gn Gfagq Ngtnlkc Qgotgeigec

]nct ohqklq zqltcmle} d|qqle}`s nh`mt }nl zhtc}che ho

K|i}gncmt }ng} ct dngqblm rc}n l`ld}ceb, khec}hqceb, gemmctkcttceb }nl T|zqlkl @lgmlq ho Cqge# gem Dngcqkge ho }nlL~zlmcleds Mctdlqekle} Dh|edc` ho Cqge .ge |el`ld}lmgmkcect}qg}cvl gttlka`s }ng} qlth`vlt `lbct`g}cvl dheo`cd}t

l rlle l g t gq gkle ge l h|ed hB|gqmcget#%

Gt nl"t g fls agdflq ho Kh|tgvc"t dgkzgcbe, nct loohq}t

alncem d`htlm mhhqt ce }nl vgqch|t |el`ld}lm dle}lqt hohrlq ce ]lnqge gql dhetcmlqlm fl }h }nl h htc}che"t

zqhtzld}t ce }nl d|qqle} tnhrmhre% Gddhqmceb }h hel ho }nlcq mctc``|tchelm klkalqt, Gkcq

Ogqtngm Laqgnckc, Qgotgeigec ct hel ho }nl oh|emlqt gem gdnclo ocegedcg` t|zzhq}lq ho }nl dhetlqvg}cvl Ct`gkcd bqh|z

etgq+l ly h g %

Gttl}t -


7/35

Nhttlce ]gla

Dhkkgemlq ho }nl Agtc Ohqdlt m|qce }nl }ckl ho I|el l`ld}chet% Ohqdlt |emlq nct dhkkgem zgq}cdczg}lm ce kgtt alg}cebt, k|qmlq,

ml}le}che gem }hq}|ql ho zlgdlo|` zqh}lt}hqt%

]gla ct fehre }h ngvl qgzlm ]gqgeln Kh|tgvc .zh`cdlkle }lt}coclm#% gl t qh lq e gr t ql g l h g gqgel h|tgv r h vlt e

Dgegmg% Rnle ]gla rgt tdqlleceb }nl `ct} ho ml}gcellt, nl tgr nlqegkl gem ckklmcg}l`s hqmlqlm nlq ml`cvlqs% ]nle nl qlg`cylm }ng}}nl bcq` rgt eh} nct ql`g}cvl% B|gqmt tgs }ng} }nls ngm }h `lgvl }nlqhhk, gem nlgqm nlq tdqlgkceb gem gtfceb ohq nl`z rnc`l ]gla sl``lm

% ,qhhk gem }h`m b|gqmt }h tlem nlq }h Tzldcg` ]qlg}kle} Qhhk%B|gqmt qlg`cylm }ng} tnl rgt alg}le gem qgzlm, nlq d`h}nlt }hqe% ]nlTzldcg` Qhhk ct rnlql }nls ngvl }nlcq tzldcg`ct}t qgzl zlhz`l% ]glag`th ctt|lm nlq Mlg}n og}rg, hqmlqceb tzldcg` }lgk }h fc`` nlq rnle}nlsql mhel%

Gttl}t 711k \TM ce }nl \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt =1k L|qht ce C}g`s


8/35

Bnh`gk Nhttlce Khntlec Lilc

ho l`ld}che gem }nl dh|e}qst d|qqle}Blelqg` Zqhtld|}hq%

Ce}l``cbledl gble}t |emlq nctdhkkgem rlql qltzhetca`l homl}le}che, }hq}|ql, gem l~}qgd}che hoog`tl dheolttchet |emlq m|qltt oqhkn|emqlmt ho gd}cvct}t, ih|qeg`ct}t,mcttcmle}t gem qlohqkct} h`c}cdcget%


9/35

Ctkgc` Gnkgmc Khbngmgk

%

Ohqdlt |emlq Khbngmgkt

he zlgdlo|` zqh}lt}t, g}}gdft

he gem mlt}q|d}che ho zqcvg}lzqhzlq}s, gem g vch`le} ecbn}}ckl g}}gdf he }nl

\ecvlqtc}s%


10/35

Tgllm Khq}gygvc

]lnqget zqhtld|}hq Blelqg` g} }nl }cklh |el l ld he% l tt|l g ge l

hqmlq |tlm ohq ml}le}che ho n|emqlmt hogd}cvct}t, ih|qeg`ct}t, gem t}|mle}t%

Ce thkl cet}gedlt, }nl a`gefl} gqqlt}rgqqge} algqceb nct tcbeg}|ql rgt mg}lm

}rh mgst alohql }nl I|el 71 l`ld}chet% Nl ct g`th qltzhetca`l ohq tlemceb

ml}gcelm t}qll} zqh}lt}hqt }h }nlFgnqcygf Ml}le}che Dle}lq rnlql }nls

rlql }hq}|qlm gem c``+}qlg}lm, qlt|`}cebce oh|q mlg}nt%

Khq}gygvc ngt zlqtheg``s qgzlm gem}hq}|qlm zqcthelqt%


11/35

Tgmlw Kgnth|`c

Qlz|a`cd ho Cqge g} }nl }ckl l`ld}che% Gt Ce}lqchq Kcect}lq, Kgnth|`c ngm g|}nhqc}s

hvlq g`` h`cdl ohqdlt ce}lqchq kcect}qtld|qc}s gble}t, gem z`gced`h}nlt gble}t%

Nct ohqdlt rlql qltzhetca`l ohq g}}gdft he}nl mhqkc}hqclt ho ]lnqge \ecvlqtc}s heI|el 7


12/35

Gah`bngttlk Tg`gvg}c

Ct`gkcd Qlvh`|}chegqs Dh|q}t M|qceb }nl zht} l`ld}che tnhr }qcg`t,

i|mblt ce dngqbl ho zht}+l`ld}chedgtlt%

Nl ngt tle}ledlm khql }nge gn|emqlm zh`c}cdg` zqcthelqt, n|kgeqcbn}t gd}cvct}t, gem zlgdlo|`mlkhet}qg}hqt }h `leb}ns zqcthe

l~ld|}che tle}ledlt, lgqeceb }nlkhecflq, !]nl I|mbl ho Mlg}n%!


13/35

Tlslm Ngttge Ocqh|ygagmc

Dnclo ho T}goo ho }nl Ihce} Gqklm Ohqdlt ho} l Ct gk d Qlz| d h Cqge, } l b lt}

kc`c}gqs hqbgecyg}che qltzhetca`l ohqmcqld}ceb g`` kc`c}gqs mcvctchet gem zh`cdclt,ced`|mceb }nl Ct`gkcd Qlvh`|}chegqs B|gqmt

hqzt ge zh dl% Ohqdlt |emlq nct dhkkgem dgqqclm h|} aq|}g`

qlzqlttche ho zlgdlo|` zqh}lt}hqt gt rl`` gtkgtt ml}le}chet%

Gttl}t 41: K \TM g} Kg`gstcg

7:4 K \TM F|rgc} 72 K \TM g} ]|qfls \efehre agef gddh|e} g} Trctt


14/35

Kgihq Blelqg` Khngkkgm G`c Igogqc

Igogqc nlgmt }nl Cqgecge Qlvh`|}chegqs B|gqm Dhqzt, g o|``+hre gqks h thkl 4::,::: zlqtheel eh dh|e eb

qltlqvct}t#% ]nl CQBD ct }nl kht} zhrlqo|` l`lkle} ce }nl qlbckl"t tld|qc}s

ohqdlt, q|eeceb lvlqs}nceb oqhk }nl dh|e}qs"t kcttc`l tst}lkt }h,

leohqdl mhklt}cd hqmlq gem ngvl alle g} }nl ohqloqhe} ho g}}gdftgbgcet} }nhtl zqh}lt}ceb }nl l`ld}che qlt|`}%

Ohqdlt |emlq nct dhkkgem rlql mcqld}`s qltzhetca`l ohq gtcbecocdge} zgq} ho zht}+l`ld}che vch`ledl gem gqqlt}t ho qlohqkct}zh } dg b|qlt, gd} v t}t, ge h|qeg t}t%

Qlzhq}ceb }h }nl T|zqlkl @lgmlq, }nl CQBD ct `ct}lm as }nl \%T%bhvlqekle} gt g }lqqhqct} hqbgecyg}che gem g`th kgce}gcet ge

% C} ct al`clvlm }h al g agtl ho t|zzhq} ohq Gnkgmceligm, g`}nh|bn

hel ho }nl Dhqzt" ceo`|le}cg` ohqklq dhkkgemlqt, KhntleQlyglc, qge gbgcet} }nl ced|kale} ce }nl l`ld}che .ocectnceboh|q}n gddhqmce }h hoocdcg` qlt|`}t %


15/35

Khngkkgm Khbncttln

Nlgm ho Aqgedn 1> ho }nl Ct`gkcdQlvh`|}chegqs Dh|q}t%

CkgblEh}

kges gd}cvct}t gem zqh}lt}lqt gqqlt}lm

go}lq }nl I|el 1::3 l`ld}che%

Gvgc`ga`l

l gt eh he s tt|l heb zq thetle}ledlt agtlm he |eoh|emlm dngqblt,nl ngt g`th ctt|lm g} `lgt} }nqll mlg}n

tle}ledlt hq } l zqh}lt}lqt%


16/35

Gsg}h``gn Gnkgm Igeeg}c

Tldql}gqs Blelqg` ho }nl B|gqmcge Dh|edc`% edl l |el zqlt le g l ld he, geeg gt |eg gt l s ed l v h ledl,

mlkgemlm mlg}n tle}ledlt ohq l`ld}che zqh}lt}hqt, gem dhhqmceg}lm nct qnl}hqcd rc}n }nl

CQBD gem tld|qc}s ohqdlt% Nl ngt qlzlg}lm`s dg``lm zqh}lt}hqt !dhqq|z}hqt he lgq}n,! g dngqbl }ng} dgqqclt }nl mlg}n

zleg`}s% Igeeg}c ngt dhe}ce|h|t` mlkgemlm l~ld|}che tle}ledlt oqhk }nl Cqgecge I|mcdcgq

gem t|zzhq}lm }nl ckz`lkle}g}che ho t|dn tle}ledlt%

Rnc`l k|dn ho }nl tlechq d`lqbs ct tflz}cdg` ho Gnkgmceligm, >4+slgq+h`m Igeeg}c ct }nlZqltcmle}"t fls cmlh`hbcdg` gem tzcqc}|g` g``s%

_clrlm gt }nl kht} qgmcdg` ho Cqge"t tlechq d`lqcdt, nl nlgmt }nl 71+klkalq B|gqmcge%

qlvclr hzzhtc}che dhkz`gce}t hvlq }nl l`ld}che% _cq|`le}`s hzzhtlm }h Ctqgl` gem }nl \%T%, Igeeg}c ngt qlzlg}lm`s |tlm nct g|}nhqc}s ce

}nl B|gqmcge Dh|edc` }h mctw|g`cos Cqgecge qlohqkct}t tllfceb }nl zqltcmleds hq g tlg} cezgq`cgkle}, gqb|ceb }ng} }nl !ocqt} gem ohqlkht}! qlw|cqlkle} ohq ges dgemcmg}l ohql`ld}lm hoocdl ce Cqge ct |ergvlqceb olg`}s }h }nl gath`|}l q|`l ho }nl T|zqlkl @lgmlq%

Igeeg}c ct g th } l h|e lq h g ql cbch|t td hh ce Whk } g} lkz gtcylt l cl ce } lKlnmc, hq Ncmmle Ckgk, rnh }qgmc}che tgst rc`` qlgzzlgq gkcm b`hag` dnght }h tzqlgmCt`gk }nqh|bnh|} }nl rhq`m% H}nlqt gkheb }nl tlechq d`lqbs gql `llqs ho zqhkh}ceb t|dnkc``legqcge al`clot%

Gttl}t = K \TM Th|}n Goqcdg, \efehre Agef gddh|e} g} trctt


17/35

Gsg}h``gn Khngkkgm ]gbnc Kltagn Sgymc

Nlgm ho }nl Fnhklcec Lm|dg}che gem Qltlgqdn Cet}c}|}l ce Whk gem gklkalq ho }nl Gttlka`s ho L~zlq}t

Hvlq }nl zgt} mldgml, nl ngt aldhkl fehre gt }nl }nlhql}cdcge hovch`ledl, ohq nct |egagtnlm zqhkh}che gem mloletl ho t}g}l+tzhethqlmvch`ledl gbgcet} mcttcmle}t%

]nqh| n nct ceo`gkkg}hq t}g}lkle}t nl ngt alle g lgmce oc |ql cecet}cbg}ceb vch`ledl gbgcet} zlgdlo|` zqh}lt}hqt haild}ceb }h l`ld}che qlt|`}tgem n|kge qcbn}t vch`g}chet%

G ngqm`cel Cqgecge ]rl`vlq Tnc"c d`lqcd gem zh`c}cdcge rnh ct rcml`s tlle gt

Cqgecge Zqltcmle} Kgnkh|m Gnkgmceligm"t tzcqc}|g` gmvcthq% Sgymc ct g`th}nl t cqc}|g` gmvctlq ho g e|kalq ho ngqm`cel Ct`gkcd o|emgkle}g`ct}t ceCqge%

Nl ngt alle dg``lm !}nl kht} dhetlqvg}cvl! gem }nl kht} !zhrlqo|`! gem!ceo`|le}cg` d`lqcdg` h`cbgqdn! ce Cqge"t `lgmceb dle}lq ho ql`cbch|t `lgqeceb,}nl dc}s ho Whk%

Nl ct tgcm }h ngvl ! qlg} trg gkhe Cqget Qlvh`|}chegq B|gqmt gem }nl

Agtci vh`|e}llq zgqgkc`c}gqs ohqdl% Nl ngt alle egklm as cevlt}cbg}cvl ih|qeg`ct} Gfagq Bgeic gt !ngvceb

ledh|qgblm hq ctt|lm og}rgt, hq ql`cbch|t hqmlqt! ohq }nl 733> Dngcek|qmlqt ho Cqge gttgttceg}chet ho ocvl Cqgecge mcttcmle}t%

"m|qceb }nl qldle} |eqlt}%


18/35

Sgmh``gn Igvgec

Nl ngt qlzlg}lm`s t|zzhq}lm }nl |tl hovch`ledl gem ngqtn ce}lqqhbg}che }gd}cdtg gcet} ht}+l`ld}che qh}lt}lqt%

Igvgect t}g}lkle}t ngvl aldhkl }nlagtct ohq cemcd}kle}t gbgcet} zqh}lt}hqt

gem ngvl qlt|`}lm ce }nl CQBDt }gflhvlq%

Gttl}t

< K \TM Cemcg 14 K L\ Zhq}|bg`


19/35

Qh|nh``gn Nhttlcecge

Klk lq h Zgq gkle} Nl ngt dhe}ce|h|t`s cedc}lm vch`ledl gem

mlkgemlm mlg}n tle}ledlt gbgcet} zqh}lt}hqt%

ce}qhm|dceb ge |qble} ac`` ce Zgq`cgkle} }ng}rh|`m qlm|dl }nl gzzlg`t zlqchm ohq zlqthet

dngqblm rc}n khngqlaln .lekc}s gbgcet} Bhm#ge tle ledl h l~ld| he h he s vl gst%

]nl ac`` rgt i|t}coclm gt g klget }h l~zlmc}l }nlckz`lkle}g}che ho mlg}n tle}ledlt ctt|lm ohq

ht}+l`ld}che qh}lt}hqt%


20/35

G`c Tgllmc

Qlzqltle}g}cvl ho T|zqlkl @lgmlq ceCQBD%

ho CQBD ohqdlt ce zht}+l`ld}che

dqgdfmhret gem }nlcq |tl ho vch`ledlhe d ylet, ldhk eb hel h lncbnlt} qgefceb Ct`gkcd Qlz|a`cdg|}nhqc}clt }h tged}che }nl gd}chet ho

tld|q }s gzzgqg}|tlt%


21/35

Nhttlce Tngqcg} Kgmgqc

G t}qheb t|zzhq}lq ho zqltcmle} Kgnkh|m Gnkgmceligm, nl ngt alle mltdqcalm gtalceb !g d`htl dheocmge} ho Cqget t|zqlkl `lgmlq! G`c Fngklelc, gem gt ngvceb

!`ceft! }h Cqge"t ce}l``cbledl tlqvcdlt% Go}lq }nl 1::3 l`ld}che gem rllft ho zqh}lt}, Tngqcg} Kgmgqc rqh}l ge lmc}hqcg` ce

Fgsnge g``lbceb }ng} mlolg}lm dgemcmg}l Kcq Nhttlce Kh|tgvc rgt }qsceb }h !ltdgzl, ,

ohqlcbelqt gem gd}ceb gt Gklqcdg"t oco}n dh`|ke cetcml }nl dh|e}qs! gem dg``lm ohqKh|tgvc gem ohqklq qlohqkct} Zqltcmle} Khngkkgm Fng}gkc }h al }qclm ce dh|q}ohq !nhqqca`l dqcklt gem }qlgthe%

Kgeg ce lmc}hq ho Fg nge Elrt g lq nl ct hel ho }nl cemcvcm|g`t rnh ocqt}gdd|tlm qlohqkct} zqltcmle}cg` dgemcmg}lt ho g vl`vl} qlvh`|}che m|qceb }nl vh}ldh|e} go}lq }nl I|el zqltcmle}cg` l`ld}chet, gem zqhkh}lm vch`ledl gbgcet}zqh}lt}hqt%

Tngqcg}kgmgqc"t mlocec}che ho g vl`vl} qlvh`|}che thhe aldgkl }nl mhkcege}}lqg}|ql |tl s } l , e t}qs h e}l bledl, gt , ge zh dl hqdlt hq

dqgdfceb mhre he }nl zht}+l`ld}chet zqh}lt}lqt%

Gttl}t

11< K \TM \ec}l Gqg Lkcqg}lt,


22/35

Khngkgm Egbnmc

Mcqld}hq ho }hq}|ql ce ml}le}che |emlqbqh|em ihcelq kgshqt,

Blelqg` Dhqzt gem Cqgwc Kgvmse e|kalq ct dhetcmlqlm ce gmmc}cheWhmt Dhqzt Dhkkgem gem T|zzhq} Dhkkgem gem Blelqg` T}goo

Gkgm gqklm ohqdlt dhkkgem ce }nl tldhem ng`o ho tlvle}clt zh`cdlzqh ld he e ktl gt g qld gzzqhgd r l kgshq h]lnqge, Bnh`gk Nhttlce Fgqagtdnc ml}gcelm kgshqt gem mcoolqle}qlbchet ho ]lnqge rgt qltzhetca`l%

Qlvlg`ceb nhr }hq}|ql rc}n kgshqt ce }nl ml}le}che gqlgt geml~zht eb l qge |e lqbqh|e h elq qh l e lg eb h gkkgdgtn Gamh``gn Eh|qc gem bcvl ]lnqge Oqcmgs Zqgslqt Gsg}h``gnckkcbqge}t ce }nl bqh|z Getgq+l Nlyah``gn, }nl qh`l ho zqltt|qlbqh|zt, nl mcqld}lm ohq }nl a`cef ho kll}cebt tzlldn qlohqklqt, gemocegedcg` gd}cvc}clt tldql}, lvle}|g``s KQ dgtn zqh}ld}che oqhk }nl

gqklm ohqdlt }qgetolqqlm%

Gttl}t 7=1 K L\ \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt 1= K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt ?? K \TM Kg`gstcg

Eh}cdl9 Gahvl }l~} ct mcqld} w|h}l oqhk Geheskh|t% Ckzqhvlm }qget`g}che qlw|cqlm%


23/35

G`c @gqcigec

G`c @gqcigec ngt tlqvlm ce ncbn bhvlqekle} zhtc}chet g`` }nqh|bn }nl 47 slgqt ho}nl Ct`gkcd Qlz|a`cd ho Cqge, gem ct ehr Dngcqkge ho Zgq`cgkle}%

G ohqklq klkalq ho Tlzggn .CQBD#, nl ngt tlqvlm gt nlgm ho t}g}l

aqhgmdgt}ceb hqbgecyg}che .CQCA# rnlql nl rhqflm ngem gem b`hvl rc}n TgllmLkgkc }h zqhm|dl }l`lvctlm dheolttchet gem zqhbqgkt }h }gqectn }nl egkltgem gdnclvlkle}t ho Cqgecge ce}l``ld}|g`t6 gt Kcect}lq ho Ct`gkcd D|`}|ql gemB|cmgedl6 gt Tldql}gqs ho T|zqlkl Eg}cheg` Tld|qc}s Dh|edc`, gem t|dn CQCtd l levhs he l e|d lgq tt|l6 zlg lq h l t gk d gq gkle 6 ge gtq|e ohq zqltcmleds ce }nl zgt}%

Nl ct }nl kge |emlq rnhtl mcqld}che, }nl Cqgecge Zgq`cgkle} kgml g`|flrgqk g}}lkz} g} ogd} ocemceb gah|} }nl dqcklt dhkkc}}lm g} FgnqcygfMl}le}che Dle}lq% Mcm }nl !Tzldcg`! ogd} ocemceb dhkkcttche ocem ges ogd}t8

,}nl mctzg}dn ho ml}gcellt }h Fgnqcygf a|} }ng} g``lbg}chet ho qgzl gem k|qmlq,gt rlql qlzhq}lm as g Fgqqh|ac(Kh|tgvc ogd} ocemceb dhkkc}}ll rlql|eoh|emlm%

Nl g`th ngt }nl zlqzl}|g` tngkl ho cegmvlq}le}`s ngvceb lo} }nl kcd hzle,

nlgqm as g`` gt nl gem nct h}nlq dh``lgb|lt rlql ihfceb gqh|em gah|}aldhkceb Fgnqcygfc co }nlql rlql haild}chet }h }nl vh}ceb qlt|`}t, klgeceb}nl haild}hqt dh|`m al qgzlm gem k|qmlqlm%

ttl t 7>< K L\ G|t}qcg, 7? K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt, 771 K L\ Kg`gstcg


24/35

Khngkkgm Igvgm @gqcigec

]lnqge \ecvlqtc}s, nlgmceb g qltlgqdn dle}lq

Nct ohd|t ct he o|emgkle}g`ct} ce}lqzql}g}che ho Ct`gk ce Cqge G`` }nqh|bn }nltl slgqt, ngt g`th tlqvlm gt g Klkalq ho }nl Ct`gkcd

Zgq`cgkle} gem khql qldle}`s gt _cdl Kcect}lq ho Ohqlcbe Googcqt%

Nl ct d|qqle}`s nlgm ho }nl N|kge Qcbn}t Dh|edc` ce }nl I|mcdcgqs gemg }hz gmvctlq }h }nl T|zqlkl @lgmlq%

Nct ohh} ce kh|}n qlkgqft ngvl gk|tlm gem tgmmlelm Cqgecget ohqslgqt% Rnle sh| `ct}le }h }nct kge }g`f, c} ct vlqs ngqm }h ocem g qlgthe

h qltzld k% gq +dhql |e gkle g t ge ge l~ qlkl s q| lkge, hel ho nct qldle} qlkgqft ce rncdn nl dg``lm Agqgdf Hagkg gFgfg Tcgn ct, |eohq}|eg}l`s, t}c`` oqltn ce h|q kcemt%

Nl ngt kgml kges h}nlq cetletc}cvl, cegdd|qg}l, gem z`gce t}|zcmqlkgqft ce }nl zgt}, }hh% A|} nct kht} qldle} dhkkle}t g} }nl \ec}lm

gah|} CQCt qldle} vch`g}chet ho n|kge qcbn}t gql zqhaga`s }nl cdceb he}nl t}g`l dgfl }ng} kgflt |z }nct zgq}cd|`gq t}hhbl%


25/35

Tgmlw @gqcigec

Nlgm ho T|zqlkl I|mcdcg` Tst}lk ho Cqge Nct d`gck }h ogkl ngt alle nct klkalqtncz ce }nl

B|gqmcge Dh|edc`

gt Nlgm ho I|mcdcgqs tckz`s bhlt }h tnhr nhrmltzlqg}l Fngklelc gem nct bgeb rlql }h gzzhce}

thklhel }h }nl zhtc}che rnh rh|`m ngvl gath`|}l`s, ,khmcd|k ho cemlzlemledl gem ce}lbqc}s%

]nl ngz`ltt dngz ngt aldhkl }nl tcbeg}|ql kgdncelho }nl }n|bt rnh gql ehr q|`ceb Cqge, ctt|ceb mlg}n

dhe}ce|l g eg}chet dle}|qclt h`m w|lt} ohq i|t}cdl%


26/35

Aqcbgmclq+Blelqg` Gnkgm Qlyg Qgmge

Mlz|}s Dhkkgemlq ho }nl Cqgecge zh`cdl gem gt ]lnqge"t zh`cdl dnclo,! ! %

tlqvlm gt dhkkgemlq m|qceb }nl 73>:+>> Cqgwc+ckzhtlm rgq% Nl g`th nl`mvgqch|t zht}t ce }nl Ct`gkcd Qlz|a`cd ho Cqge Zh`cdl .CQCZ#%

Qgmge ct rl``+fehre ohq nct gbbqlttcvl gd}che he Ct`gkcd mqltt dhml,mct}qca|}che ho c``lbg` oc`k M_Mt gem dhe}qh``ceb ngcq gem mqltt t}s`l ho

! !% ,zh`cdl gqqlt}lm mhylet ho }n|bt }h cedqlgtl z|a`cd tld|qc}s% ]nl gqqlt}lm!}n|bt! gql thkl}cklt alg}le he dgklqg ce oqhe} ho elcbnahqnhhmcengac}ge}t, hq ohqdlm }h rlgq ngebceb rg}lqceb dget |tlm ohq `gvg}hqsga`|}chet gqh|em }nlcq eldft% Gkheb }nltl !}n|bt! ct Klstgk @h}oc, g sh|eb

Cqgecge rnh rgt gqqlt}lm m|qceb Cqge t}|mle} qch}t ce I|`s 7333 gem igc`lm% ,

nct}hqs hq nct}hqs ho c``lbg` gd}che, gem ngt elvlq alle gqqlt}lm hq igc`lmalohql%

M|qceb }nl qldle} zht}+l`ld}che |eqlt}, Qgmge rgt d`gcklm as ql`lgtlmml}gcellt }h q|e }nl eh}hqch|t Fgnqcygf zqcthe rnlql }nl ml}gcelm zqh}lt}lqt

, %

ml}gcellt ce zlqthe rnle }nqlg}leceb }h fc`` }nlk gem a|qs }nlcq|ecmle}coclm ahmclt ce kgtt bqgvlt g} }nl vcdcec}s ho Fgnqcygf zqcthe%

Gttl}t 3> K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt ?< \TM F|rgc} 717 K \TM Th|}n Goqcdg


27/35

Tgllm Khq}gygvc

,zqhtld|}hq ho }nl Ct`gkcd Qlvh`|}chegqs Dh|q}, gem ohqklq

Zqhtld|}hq Blelqg` ho ]lnqge, g zhtc}che nl nl`m oqhk 1::4 }h1::3% Nl ngt alle dg``lm gt !a|}dnlq ho }nl zqltt! gem !}hq}|qlq ho]lnqge!%

t|zzqlttche ho zh`c}cdg` gd}cvct}t, n|kge qcbn}t gd}cvct}t gem zqlttoqllmhk%

Nl ct al`clvlm }h al cevh`vlm ce k|qmlqceb gem }hq}|qceb g e|kalq

ho Cqgecge ih|qeg`ct}t, rqc}lqt, zh`c}cdcget gem gdgmlkcdt%, +

blelqg` as }nl elr i|mcdcgqs dnclo Gsg}h``gn Tgmlw @gqcigec% Hatlqvlqt mctgbqll hvlq rnl}nlq }nl zht} rgt g zqhkh}che }h

!mlz|}s }h }nl eg}che"t }hz zqhtld|}hq,! rc}n !g ogeds }c}`l gemzqh}ld}che oqhk o|}|ql `lbg` gd}che,! hq !g mlkh}che! }ng} t}qczt

,

gqqlt} hq ng`} }h zh`c}cdg` gd}cvc}clt% Khq}gygvc ct eh}ga`l ohq nct cevh`vlkle} ce }nl dgtl ho Ygnqg

Fgylkc, ge Cqgecge+Dgegmcge znh}hbqgznlq rnh mclm ce }nld|t}hms ho Cqgecge hoocdcg`t ce 1::4% Gt g i|mbl, Khq}gylvc rgt

" %


28/35

H}nlq T|tzld}t gem }nlcq Gttl}t

Khi}gag Fngklelcll the ho }nlBnh`gk G`c Ngmmgm Gml`

7 A Zh|emt Bqlg} Aqc}gce .ngt

alle a`hdflm#, 1%1 A L\ g}Blqkges, 2?? K \TM g} Wg}gq,ge |efehre gddh|e} g} Trctt

71 K \TM ]|qfls1%= K \TM Kg`gstcg=4 K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt

Bnh`gk Nhttlce L`ngk9

1< K \TM g} M|agc

Khi}gag Ngtnlkc Tgkgqln

1> K L\ Tzgce

72 K \TM g} Trctt:%2 K \TM g} Alcq|}

2? K \TM \ec}l Gqg Lkcqg}lt71= K \TM Kg`gstcg

Kgth|m Fgylkc

=< K L\ Blqkges=%1 K \TM g} M|agc

Khi}gag Kltaggn Sgymc

7>= K \TM M|agc117 K \TM g} G`egfn` Dhqzhqg}che

K L\ g} T gce


29/35

H}nlq T|tzld}t gem }nlcq Gttl}t, Dhe}%

Khntle Qgocbnmh|t}Tgqmgq Gnkgm _gncmc

713 K \TM Al`bc|k

== K \TM F|rgc}31 K \TM Kg`gstcg

41 K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt?< K \TM g} ]|qfls711 K \TM g} Blqkges .oqhyle#

Fgkqge Mgeltnih|

Ltogemsgq Qgnck Kgtngcll

2? K L\ G|t}qcg2%1 K \TM Kg`gstcg

% lqkges41 K L\ C}g`s=7 K \TM M|agc

Bnh`gk Qlyg Ogsgy

?< K \TM Kg`gstcg=:%3 K \TM F|rgc}

G`c Gfagq _l`gsg}c

1== K L\ Blqkges? K L\ G|t}qcg

? K \TM Kg`g tcg


30/35


Khngkgm Ag nlq Fngqgyc Gagt Fgmfnhmgcll9 1%< K L\ C}gs, 2%7 K \TM F|rgc},

71: K \TM @lagehe>? K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt=1 K \TM g} Agqf`ls Agef Th|}nGoqcdg Aqgedn

Gnkgm Igeeg}c9 = K \TM Th|}n Goqcdg,\efehre Agef gddh|e} g} trctt

Gamh``gn Gqgbnc

Gnkgm qlyg Qgmge 9 3> K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt,?< \TM F|rgc}, 717 K \TM Th|}n Goqcdg

G`c Gfagq Khn}gtnlkc9 71< K \TM Tngqiln, >< K\TM F|rgc}, 1:: K \TM Kg`gstcg, \efehre Agef

>= k \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt712 K \TM @lagehe2? K \TM Kg`gstcgTldql} Gddh|e} g} Trctt

gddh|e g tr tt

G`c Kltaggn Sgymc, =< K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt,72 K \TM ]|qfls, ?< K Zh|em g} Agqf`ls Agef g}Aqc}gce, 2< K \TM g} Th|}n Goqcdg, 77: K L\ g}Blqkges

G`c Khagtnlqc, 71l`bc|k, 73 K \TM Kg`gstcg, =1 K\TM F|rgc}, 2 K L| G|t}qcg, 11%=K \TM \ec}lm GqgaLkcqg}lt

G`cQlyg Ogsgy9 14 K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt, 72 K

Ctg F G`ge}gqc9 4%1 K L\ g} Al`bc|k, 7%1 K \TM g} C}g`s

Gagt Gfnhemc9 3 K \TM \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt,


31/35


Agng+hmce Nhttlcec Ngtnlkc9 =< K \TM \ec}lmGqga Lkcqg}lt, >: K \TM Kg`gstcg

Ngttge Tngihhec9 ??%< K \TM M|agc, 43 k \TMF|rgc}, 77%1 K \TM Alcqh|}, > K \TM Kg`gstcg

Mgvh|m Gnkgmc Elyngm9 K L\ \ec}lm Gqga Lkcqg}lt, > K \TMT}% Zl}lqya|qb Agef, Q|ttcg,

Ogqngm Mgeltnih|9 1%4 K \TM \ec}lm Gqga

Nlttce Ocqh|y Gagmc9 41: K \TM g} Kg`gstcg, ?> K\TM m|agc, ge \efehre, %

Og}lkln Gtbgq H`gmc9 =4 K \TM Wg}gq, 7? K \TM]|qfls

N Gtbgq H`gmc9 721 K \TM Al`bc|k, 71: K L\

b|gqge}llm ohq 1:: K \TM, 7%= K \TM M|agc, 1%= K \TMAlcq|},


32/35


Fgkqge Mgeltnih|9 2? K L\ G|t}qcg, 2%1 K \TMKg`gstcg

Khnc Hmce Ogyl` Ngqgemc9


33/35

T|kkgqs9 Cemcvcm|g` Hoo+Tnhql Gddh|e} @hdg}chet

M|agc 327%7

g}gq >=2%2Bqlg} Aqc}cge 7,17?%:

F|rgc} %1

Al`bc|k


34/35

N|kge alcebt gql klkalqt ho g rnh`l,%

Co hel klkalq ct goo`cd}lm rc}n zgce,H}nlq klkalqt |elgts rc`` qlkgce%

Co h| ngvl eh t k g}n ohq n|kge gce]nl egkl ho n|kge sh| dgeeh} ql}gce%

G zhlk as }nl Zlqtcge zhl} Tggmc .717: 713:#bqgdceb }nl le}qgedl ho }nl Ng`` ho Eg}chet ho }nl

\ec}lm Eg}chet a|c`mceb ce Elr Shqf Dc}s

]nl Ocqt} Dngq}lq ho }nl Qcbn}t ho Eg}chet rgt rqc}}le as Dsq|t }nlBqlg},


35/35

GAT Dhkk|ec}s Qltlgqdn, Ced%

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