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Regulatory Impact Assessment in Greece. Dr. P.Karkatsoulis Policy Advisor to the Ministry of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralization, Professor at the National School of Public Administration. The background of regulatory reform in Greece. Several fragmented efforts on: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Regulatory Impact Assessment in Greece
Dr. P.KarkatsoulisPolicy Advisor to the Ministry of Interior, Public
Administration and Decentralization, Professor at the National School of Public Administration
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• Several fragmented efforts on:– Simplification– Codification– Transposition– Law drafting
• Intensive discussion inside and outside Greece
• OECD report (2001)• EU policy on Better Regulation
(2002)
The background of regulatory reform in Greece
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The size of the norm flow
European Union:
EU-Aquis composed by 16.000 Directives covers 96.000 pages.
Greece:
3430 Parliamentary laws in the last 30 years, 5 times more Presidential decrees authorized by the law and 63 times more ministerial decisions.
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regulatory system were identified as:– There are too many and very detailed
regulations in force– Provisions on the same issues are
interspersed to different regulations– The increasing production of
regulations by the administration
Main problems
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Regulatory Inflation
TYPES OF LAWS ENACTED FROM 1975 TO 2005 IN GREECE
11%
28%
14%
47%
GENERAL PARTICULAR AMENDMENTS RATIFICATIONS
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PARTICIPATION OF MINISTRIES IN THE AVERAGE PRODUCTION OF MINISTERIAL DECISIONS (1987-1998)
Culture13%
Prime Minister1%
IRT3%
Press & Mass Media0%
Transport & Communication
3%
Health & Welfare15%
Development1%
Tourism0%
MIPAD1%
Labour&Social Security
8%Foreign Affairs
1%
MerchantMarine
4%
Commerce2%
Naitonal Education &Religion
10%National Economy
3%
NationalDefence
3%
Environment, Urban Development and Public
Works3%
Finance16%
Agean0%
Justice2%
PublicOrder Τάξης
1%
Agriculture4%
Presidensy of the Government
2%
Interior4%
Macedonia-Thrace
0%
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Dispersed Horizontal Structure• Ministry of Foreign Affairs
– For notification of the transposed aquis
• Ministry of Economics– For the transposition of the aquis
• General Accounting Office– For the impact on state budget
• Ministry of Interior– For simplification and codification issues
• Central Committee for the preparation of legislation– For technical suggestions on bills
• Council of the State– Consulted for Presidential Decrees
• Parliament– Scientific Committees– Committees and Plenary
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Do we know the reasons why does it happen?
Some basic assumptions– The form of the state
– The existing legislative culture
– The welfare state
– Unexpected social events/periods of fast social movements
– International Organizations
– State intervention to economic transactions
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Crucial achievements
• One – stop – shops for citizens and businesses
• Sufficient infrastructure (e – government)
• Pool of experts
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Lack of a regulatory reform strategy
• While the weaknesses of the legislative instrumentarium are well known, the measures taken were mostly conceived as ad hoc reactions.
• The new IAs (energy, telecom, competition) have been used as driving forces for the new era of better regulation.
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The EU Better Regulation• Mandelkern report
– It describes a comprehensive overall approach to better regulation. – It recommends practices applicable to both national governments and the
European Commission. – It also makes recommendations to the Institutions of the EU
• Commissions Action plan– It launched a series of measures to review the body of existing law.
• The European IA– It aims to improve the quality of the Commission's policy proposals in
terms of their efficiency, effectiveness and coherency. – It identifies alternative policy options and their likely positive and negative
impacts, with a particular focus on economic, environmental and social effects, in line with the EU Sustainable Development Strategy
• The DEBR network– The DEBR performs an advocacy role, promoting best practices and
initiating new thinking. – It promotes the exchange of national practices– The DEBR is capable of adding value to the EU level debate by staging a
dialogue about issues that are not on the official EU agenda yet.
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The legal framework for regulatory reform
• Following the OECD recommendations (2001) and the EU priorities, Greece established an inter-ministerial Committee to elaborate a new framework for the improvement of regulation .
• The ad hoc inter-ministerial legislative Committee had to overcome a lot of obstacles, misunderstandings and peculiarities.
• The draft remained in “queue” more than two years, until…
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….The Prime Minister issued a circular “on the national regulatory policy and the quality and effectiveness of regulations”, on July 2006.
The circular was addressed to:– Ministers– Deputy Ministers– The Secretary General of the Government– The Secretaries General of all Ministries– The Secretaries General of the Regions
The legal framework for regulatory reform
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– Identify the problem to which the proposed regulation is going to give a solution
– Assess the impact of the regulation on • the Economy (i.e. competitiveness, investment, market,
administrative burdens imposed on SMEs etc…)• Society (i.e. labour, gender mainstreaming, health,
persons with disabilities …)• The environment
– Alternative options to regulation should be considered
– Achieve a consensus through broad public participation
The Prime Minister’s circular:The procedures of better law making
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The Prime Minister’s circular:Structures
MINISTRY I
Regulatory Quality Assessment Unit
Regulatory Quality Assessment Unit
REGION I
. . .
MINISTRY II
Regulatory Quality Assessment Unit
MINISTRY …
Regulatory Quality Assessment Unit
Regulatory Quality Assessment Unit
REGION II
Regulatory Quality Assessment Unit
REGION …
. . .
Supervised by the General Secretariat of the Government
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Proportio-nality
Necessity
Legality
SimplicityAccessibility
Transparency
The Prime Minister’s circular:Principles of better regulation
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The Prime Minister’s circularTools of better regulation: RIA
According to the Prime Minister’s circular regulations should be checked against:
• Their impact on the economy• Their impact on competitiveness• The simplification of procedures• Quality law drafting rules/Accessibility• Codification• Transposition
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Multi – level government
The criteria of better regulation should be implemented in the case of:– A new regulation– A regulation which is going to be simplified– A regulation which is going to be codified– A regulation which transposes an EU
directive
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The way forward
• Manual on the use of e – RIA has been elaborated
• Specific Action plans requested from each Ministry
• Ex – post Impact Assessment prepared for the end of 2007
• All the Ministries have to have finished the RIA implementation project by the end of 2007
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Thank you for your attention
Dr. Panagiotis Karkatsoulis
