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Religious Reform
(The Reformation Period)
(The Protestant Reformation)
The Roman Catholic Church
Martin Lutherborn Nov. 10, 1483
“…only enough bad Latin to make a man a priest, and yet remain all of his life a poor ignoramus, fit neither to cackle or lay eggs”
Masters of Philosophy
1505 at age 22Lawyer to Clergy
Doctorate of Theology
1515 at age 32
Into the box a coin rings, out of Purgatory a soul springs!
Sin
A Life of Contradictions
A Life of Contradictions
• Attacked his enemies with vulgarities but wrote beautifully about faith
A Life of Contradictions
• Attacked his enemies with vulgarities but wrote beautifully about faith
• Preached against sin but was a drunkard.
A Life of Contradictions
• Attacked his enemies with vulgarities but wrote beautifully about faith
• Preached against sin but was a drunkard.
• Challenged the R.C.C. but hated to BE challenged
A Life of Contradictions
• Attacked his enemies with vulgarities but wrote beautifully about faith
• Preached against sin but was a drunkard.
• Challenged the R.C.C. but hated to BE challenged
• Condemned the executions of heretics but later authorized the same
A Life of Contradictions
• Attacked his enemies with vulgarities but wrote beautifully about faith
• Preached against sin but was a drunkard.
• Challenged the R.C.C. but hated to BE challenged
• Condemned the executions of heretics but later authorized the same
• Staunchly proud of his German character but prejudiced against others
The All Saint’s Church Wittenburg, Germany 1517
95 Theses
FAITH ALONE!
Pope Leo X
December 1520
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V(Charles I)
The Diet of Worms1520
“One solitary friar who goes against the Christianity of a thousand years must be wrong. My ancestors have defended the Catholic faith to the death and I will do the same.”
Emperor Charles V
The Roman Catholic Church
• Franciscans
• Gregorians/ Dominicans
• Jesuits
Protestants
• Lutherans
• Baptists
• Methodists
• Episcopalians
• Presbyterians
• Anglicans
King Henry VIII of England
Catherine of Aragon
King Henry VIII of England
Catherine of Aragon Anne Bolyn
The Pope vs. The King of England
Pope Clement VIIKing Henry VIII of England
Henry’s Wives
Catherine of Aragonm. 1509 - 1533Divorced
Anne Boleynm. 1533 - 1536Executed
Jane Seymourm. 1536 - 1537Died
Anne of Clevesm. 1540 Jan. - JulyDivorced
Kathryn Howardm. 1540 - 1542Executed
Katherine Parrm. 1543 - 1547Widowed
The Church of England(The Anglican Church)
(The C. of E.)
• The King/ Queen is the
“Supreme Governor of the Church of England
Arch Bishop of Canterbury
The Church of England(The Anglican Church)
(The C. of E.)
• The King/ Queen is the
“Supreme Governor of the Church of England
Arch Bishop of Canterbury
The Church of England(The Anglican Church)
(The C. of E.)
• Congregationalist
• Methodist
• Episcopal Church
Torture Devices Used in the Inquisition
• During the Middle Ages (AD 500-1500), torture was a very common way to punish offenders.
• Many devices and methods were invented to slowly punish those accused of crimes, and those arrested during the Inquisition.
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Knee Splitter
• The knee splitter does what it says: split victims' knees and render them useless.
• Built from two spiked wood blocks, the knee splitter is placed on top of and behind the knee of its victims.
• Two large screws connecting the blocks are then turned, causing the two blocks to close towards each other and effectively destroy a victim's knee. 30
Iron Gag
• The Iron Gag was used to stifle the screams of a victim. A small hole in the front allowed air to pass in and out but muffled any screams.
• A torturer could press a single fingertip to the air-hole and create an extremely distressing situation for the accused.
• This was used often during the Inquisition so the accused would not interrupt the ceremony with their irritating cries of distress.
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Foot Press
• The foot press was designed to uncomfortably fit a single foot between a sharp, ribbed iron plate and a bar of metal attached to a long screw.
• When the screw was turned, the bar crushed the foot into a mangled pulp.
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Tongue Tearer
• First, the mouth is forced open with the Mouth Opener.
• Next, the iron Tongue Tearer was used to grab the tongue within it's rough grippers.
• Once a firm hold was maintained, the screw could be firmly tightened and the tongue was roughly torn from the prisoner's head.
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Ear Chopper
• Used as an efficient way to cut the ears from the victim.
• The helmet was placed on the head; the ears sticking out just under the blades.
• All it took was a quick chop and the ears would be amputated.
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The Boots
• The boots was made up of wedges that fitted the legs from ankles to knees.
• Pure pain ensues when the torturer violently pounds the wedges with a large, heavy hammer.
• A process that is done repeatedly until flesh and bone are completely destroyed.
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Spanish Ladder
• The wrists were tied to one of the rungs, the feet tied to the bottom cylinder.
• Each turn stretched the victim further and further until the shoulders were dislocated.
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Inquisitional Chair
• The chair was wooden construction with up to 2,000 metal spikes.
• The victim was strapped within the chair using tight leather straps.
• The initial pain of hundreds of sharp rusty spikes penetrating the flesh could always be increased by the torturer pressing the prisoner down or back against the spikes.
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Cat's Paw
• The Cat's Paw was used by the Spanish.
• It was attached to a handle and was an extension of the torturer's hand.
• It was used to rip and tear flesh away from the bone, from any part of the body.
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Guillotine
• The blade would be dropped separating the head from the body.
• The head would neatly drop into a waiting basket, to be retrieved by the executioner and displayed to the crowd gathered to watch.
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The Saw
• Victims of this brutal device were made to hang upside down.
• This position has a purpose: to fill the victims' heads with blood, and therefore allow them to remain conscious as the torturers work the saw sometimes up to their midsection before they pass out or die.
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