REOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD

Reology

• Reology is the about the flowing of blood.

• Reology is a strong friction which arise in the case of fluids’ layers moving with the different speed.

• Blood is the fluid tissue of inner environment of body, which consists of plasma, formed elements and cells.

Physical and chemical properties of blood

• Quantity of blood in adults is 6-8 %

• - in newborns – 15 %

Physical and chemical properties of blood

• Density of blood in adult is 1,055-1,060 g/sм3, plasma – 1,025-1,034 g/sм3.

• In newborns density is higher, than in adult.

Viscosity of blood

• Viscosity of blood determine by resistance, which is present in the case of moving the layers

• of blood. • In adult viscosity of blood is near 5,

viscosity of plasma is 1,5-1,7. • In newborns viscosity is higher, than in

adult.

Hematocrit

Оsmotic pressure• Оsmotic pressure determine by concentration of

salts. It helps to support concentration of different substances on constant level.

• Hypertonic solution is solution with osmotic pressure higher than osmotic pressure in the cell.

• Hypotonic solution is solution with osmotic pressure less than osmotic pressure in the cell.

• Isotonic solution is solution with the same osmotic pressure that in the cell.

• Оsmotic pressure of blood is 285-310 мосm/l.

Factors, which determines rheological peculiarities of blood

• For plasma: viscosity, chemical substances, pH.

• For erythrocytes: possibility to deform, to aggregate.

Form elements, cells.

• Erythrocytes: in males is 4,0-5,1 Т/l,

• In females – 3,7-4,7 Т/l,

• In newborn is (5,9-6,7)•1012/l or 5,9-6,7 Т/l.

• Leukocytes: in adult is (4-9)•109/l or 4-9 G/l, in newborn is (16,7-30,0)•109/l or 16,7-30,0 G/l.

• Platelets are the same in adult and children (180-320)•109/l or 180-320 G/l.

Proteins of plasma

• At norm it 65-85 g/l of proteins. • In newborn it less concentration. • Albumins is 35-50 g/l. In newborn it less concentration. • Globulins are:• α1 globulins – 1-4 г/л

• α2 globulins – 4-8 г/л• β globulins – 6-12 г/л• γ globulins – 8-16 г/л• Concentration of γ globulins is higher in newborn.• Fibrinogen is 2-4 g/l.

Erythrocytes speed sedimentation(ESS)

• Erythrocytes speed sedimentation in male is 2-10 mm per hour, in female is 2-15 mm per hour, in newborn is 1-2 mm per hour.

ESS

Factors, which determinate erythrocytes speed sedimentation

• 1. erythrocytes’:• а) quantity of erythrocytes: in case of erythrocytes

increase ESS decrease;• б) size of erythrocytes: increase volume – increase ESS;• в) hemoglobin: less quantity less ESS;• г) electrical charge of erythrocytes: less of negative

charge lead to increase of ESS.• Plasma’:• а) increase of globulins – increase ESS;• б) increase of fibrinogen – increase ESS;• в) increase of cholesterol increase ESS;• г) increase of рН (>7.45) increase ESS.

Hemolysis of erythrocytes

• Hemolysis of erythrocytes is the process of breaking the erythrocytes and hemoglobin go out from erythrocytes.

• There are 2 kinds of erythrocytes: physiological and pathological.

• It can be osmotic, mechanical, termical, chemical, biological.

Period of blood poises in fetus

• 1. Extra embryo

• 2. Liver

• 3. Bone marrow

Role of vessels endothelium in support blood in the fluid condition • 1. Smooth surface of vessels endothelium. • 2. Negative charge of endotheliocytes and blood cells and

that’s why they are push away. • 3. Present on the vessels wall thin layer of fibrin which

adsorb clotting factors, especially thrombin. • 4. Constant presence in blood anticlotting factors in a

small doses. • 5. Producing by endothelium prostaciclins, which are

powerful inhibitors of platelets aggregation. • 6. Ability of endothelium to produce and fix

antithrombin-III.

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