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Research Methods 2
General Guidelines on designing the presentation
• How many slides do I need?
– Depends on how much time you have (approximately 1 to 2 slides per minute)
– Show only the essential parts of your work.
– Add a few slides at the end of the presentation that will help you answering the questions of the audience
• What size of fonts and colours to use?
– Font size depends on room and screen sizes
• For ordinary classrooms use 24 to 30 for Headings and 16 to 20 for text
• Don’t mix fonts in the same line
• Don’t exaggerate with colours. Use a different colour to highlight a word
• Use a soft colour for the background
• The isoefficiency and the scalability metrics of a parallel algorithm are crucial
• The typical parallel computers of the future will have thousands of CPUs and terabytes of RAM
Research Methods 3
General Guidelines on designing the presentation
• How much information shall I put in a slide?– Each slide must deal with a single issue of your presentations
• Eg Research Motivation
• But you may use more than one slides to present a single concept
– Use about 4 to 8 lines per slide, with about 3 to 6 words per line
• Crucial metrics– Isoefficiency
– Scalability metrics
• Future systems– Thousands of CPUs
– Terabytes of RAM
Research Methods 4
General Guidelines on designing the presentation
• Can I use animations?– Only when it is necessary
• to emphasize a sequence of events, or
• to stress important issues or conclusions
– Avoid excessive use of animations and slide transitions
– It gets very annoying if you will need to answer questions and have to navigate back and forth in the presentation.
• Can I use action/navigation buttons ?– Yes, if you have a large number of slides and you will need to navigate
through them
– Especially useful for the extra “lifesaving” slides
• A good idea to use a table with pointers to the different groups of slides
Research Methods 5
Use Conceptual Diagrams• High Level Design Diagram:
– Good to be used early in the presentation to give an overview of the work to be presented
Window Driving Unit
SmartWindow
Indoors Light
Sensors
Outdoors Light
Sensor
OutdoorsTemperature
Sensor
ControlComputer
ManualControl
Unit
MainBoard
IndoorsTemperature
Sensor
Heater and AiriConditioning
Unit
Research Methods 6
Use Conceptual Diagrams (Simplified)
Window Driving Unit
SmartWindow
Indoors Sensors
Outdoors Light
Sensor
OutdoorsTemperature
Sensor
ManualControl
Unit
Heater and AiriConditioning
Unit
Research Methods 7
Use simplified block Diagrams (Include only essential parts)
Processing of threads that have already been executed by the processor.
1. Pointers to executed threads areshifted by the processor into the AQ
2. Thread# addresses GM to get the thread’s Consumers
3. Mapping Unit locates Ready Count in SM
4. Consumer’s Ready Count is decremented and checked if zero
5. If Ready Count zero then ready thread pointers forwarded to TIU
6. Remote consumers are forwarded to the NIU
Mapping Unit
Consumer Select Unit
ThreadIssue Unit
AqTNum AqIndxAqStat
Processor
ConsumerList
AqData
Consumer1 Consumer2
Graph Memory (GM)
Post Processing Unit (PPU)
Synch. Mem. (SM)
0?
IndexThread# StatusData
Ack. Queue (AQ)Xmit Queue
WaitingQueue
ReadyQueueBuffer
RcveQueue
NetworkInterface
Unit
Could be removed
Could be removed
Research Methods 8
Use simplified block Diagrams (Simplified)
Processing of threads that have already been executed by the processor.
1. Pointers to executed threads areshifted by the processor into the AQ
2. Thread# addresses GM to get the thread’s Consumers
3. Mapping Unit locates Ready Count in SM
4. Consumer’s Ready Count is decremented and checked if zero
5. If Ready Count zero then ready thread pointers forwarded to TIU
6. Remote consumers are forwarded to the NIU
Consumer Select Unit
Thread Issue Unit
Processor
Consumer1 Consumer2
Graph Memory (GM)
Post Processing Unit (PPU)
Synch. Mem. (SM)
0?
IndexThread# StatusData
Ack. Queue (AQ)Xmit Queue
Waiting Queue
Network Interface
Unit
Mapping Unit
Research Methods 9
Thread Template contents:1. IFP, 2. Ready Count, 3. DFP, 4. Consumers
Add
Sqr
Sqr
Sub
Sqr
Add
Div
A B C D
0001 0002
0003
01000002000000030000
load R0,Aload R1,Bmul R0,R1,R0store R0,T1end_macro
Template Computation Code
T1
T2
T3
0001
01200002000000030000
load R0,Bload R1,Cmul R0,R0,R2sub R2,R1,R2mul R2,R2,R0store R0,T2end_macro
0002
013000030000000X000X
load R0,T1load R1,T2add R0,R1,R0load R1,Ddiv R0,R1,R0store R0,T3end_macro
0003
Use examples to describe your Methodology
(Sqr(A+B) + (Sqr(Sqr(B)-C))/D
Thread Template contents:1. IFP, 2. Ready Count, 3. DFP, 4. Consumers
Thread Template contents:1. IFP, 2. Ready Count, 3. DFP, 4. Consumers
Thread Template contents:1. IFP, 2. Ready Count, 3. DFP, 4. Consumers
Research Methods 10
Software description
RqIndx=0k=dfp[0]C[k]=0count=0R_range
Inc
Q
i=RqIndx * 4C[k] = C[k]+R[i]*Q[k,i]
: : : : : : :C[k] = C[k]+R[i+3]*Q[k,i+3]
RqIndx++TF
32:
C[k]
Ret
34:
33:
31:
35:
DFP R QR_range
count
CB3R
• Avoid displaying complete program segments• Use simplified flow diagrams or flowcharts
Show only the information needed to describe it
Research Methods 11
Evaluation Methodology (Evaluation Methodology Sample)
Porting of application to D2NOWsimulator:1. Partitionining to DDM threads2. DDM graph creation
Compilation
Network Simulation TSU SimulationThread Execution
on TargetProcessor
Simulation Results
N Processors
DDM Porting andCompilation
Simulation
Thread partitioning done by handCode is annotated with instructions that generate DDM graphModified code compiled using common compiler
• Execution-Driven simulator with native execution• The execution of threads is interleaved with the
simulation of the TSU• Simulation of multiprocessor system
To ensure correct simulation order• A clock counter is maintained for each simulated
processor and TSU unit• The unit with the lowest clock count is simulated next
The network is simulated by • issuing communication events• marked with the completion clock countCongestion is simulated by implementing the back-pressure flow control
• Simulations carried out on the Pentium III 800MHz workstation• Results were obtained using the processor’s performance
monitor registers/counters
• Applications partitioned to threads• Annotated with extra code to generated DDM graph• Compiled using common C compiler
Research Methods 12
Use Charts and Plots (Avoid using tables, unless necessary)S
peed
up
DDM Single Processor (TSU Clock = Infinite)
Thread Grain Factor2 4 8 161
Trapez
Thread Grain Factor
0.6
1.0
0.4
0.3
2 4 8 16
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.5
1
0.2
Mult
Thread Grain Factor2 4 8 161
FFT
0.6
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.6
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.2
Sequential Single Threaded Execution
DDM Single Processor (TSU Clock Frequency = CPU Clock)
DDM Single Processor (TSU Clock Frequency = 0.5 CPU Clock)
Speedup reduction due to DDM overheads, TSU latencylocality, and pipeline latency. Speedup reduction due to TSU latency only. Speedup reduction due to CPU/TSU clock miss-match. Increasing thread granularity to factor 8 and above:• DDM speedup approaches the sequential single thread• TSU latency approaches zero
Show only the most conclusive or important results
Emphasize the conclusions of your results
Research Methods 13
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0
Cac
he m
iss
rate
(%
)
Mult Trapez LU FFT Barnes Radix FMM Cholesky Radiosity
1.4
3.1
6.9
9.8
2
Average
Sequential DDM - No CacheFlow DDM - Basic Prefetch DDM - Conflict Avoidance DDM - Thread Reordering
1
2
3
Include at the end a plot with all results achieved
(1) DDM increases miss rate (2) CacheFlow reduces miss rate (lower than the sequential)
(3) Optimizations reduce further miss rate
Research Methods 14
Presentation Structure for Proposals (1/2)
• Introduction– One or two slides explaining the problem your addressing
• It should lead to the motivation of the research
• Project Aims and Contributions– One or two slides describing the objectives of the project– Emphasize
• Your contributions• That the idea in novel and interesting
• Literature Review– One slide per project described in the literature review of your proposal
• You need to show that your informed about the current developments in the field• It will help you put your proposal into content
• Methodology– Two to three slides describing the main components of the methodology– Use a Conceptual Diagram to describe your methodology– If necessary add a slide on infrastructure needed and explain how it will be obtained
Keep in mind that your audience will be a small committee of academics that know you and are aware of the topic your presenting
Research Methods 15
Presentation Structure for Proposals (2/2)• Evaluation
– One or two slides on how you intend to evaluate the outcome of your research
• Work Planning– Identify main work-packages– Show a Gantt chart
• Conclusions– Stress that your idea is novel and interesting
• Ask for Questions?– No! This is the work of the chairman of the committee– Just add a “Thank You” slide at the end.
Research Methods 16
Presentation Structure for Thesis (1/2)
• First Slide– Present yourself, your affiliation and the title of your Thesis– Thank your advisor and the members of the committee (or other audience) for being
there– Add the logos of organizations that supported/funded your work and thank them
• Introduction– One or two slides explaining the problem your addressing
• It should lead to the motivation of the research• You may add one or two slides from the literature review section of your Thesis to
emphasise the motivation for your work (if applicable)
• Project Aims and Contributions– One or two slides describing the objectives of the project– Emphasize
• Your contributions• That the idea in novel and interesting
Keep in mind that your audience will be the members of the assessment committee (well aware of the topic your presenting - some of the members might not know you in person)In some cases your defence might be open to the public or to other students
Research Methods 17
Presentation Structure for Thesis (2/2)• Methodology
– Few slides describing the main components of the methodology– Use a Conceptual Diagram to describe your methodology
• Evaluation Methodology– One or two slides on how you evaluated the outcome of your research
• Results– Using graphs and charts describe the results obtained– Analyse, verbally, your results during the Thesis defence– If appropriate relate/compare your results with the results of others
• Conclusions– Stress that your idea is novel and interesting– Use your results to point out that your project is a success
• Future Work– Briefly present how your research work can be continued/enhanced
• Be careful not to show that your work is incomplete
• Ask for Questions?– No! This is the work of the chairman of the committee– Just add a “Thank You” slide at the end.
• Don’t forget to add “Rescue” or “Lifesaving” slides at the end