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Respiration! Cellular

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Cellular Respiration Purpose: process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other foods in the presence of oxygen (In most cases we can also make energy WITHOUT oxygen)

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Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is also known as aerobic respiration - this means it uses oxygen Anaerobic respiration does NOT use oxygen

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Aerobic: process which requires oxygen

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Respiration Equation 6 O 2 + 1 C 6 H 12 O 6 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 36 ATP 6 _____+ 1 ____ (glucose) 6 ____ + 6 ____+ 36 ATP carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen (energy) _____

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Chemical Energy and ATP A T P (adenosine triphosphate) is the main chemical compound in cells that stores and releases energy

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How does it work? ADP is ATP with one less phosphate Energy is stored in the bond between the three phosphates ATP must lose a phosphate to become ADP

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How does it work? When the phosphate bond is broken, energy is released Like breaking a glow stick or a hot/cold pack

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How does it work? *[ATP] breaks down to [ADP + Phosphate] and releases energy to carry out life processes

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Why do we need ATP? ATP is energy currency in the cell When ATP breaks down into ADP, it provides energy for cellular processes: Making proteins Energy for photosynthesis Active transport

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Why do we need ATP? Our cells store a limited amount of ATP only enough for a short period of activity cells regenerate ATP from ADP as needed ***like recharging and using a cell phone

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Cellular Respiration Purpose: process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other foods in the presence of oxygen (In most cases we can also make energy WITHOUT oxygen)

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Respiration Equation 6 O 2 + 1 C 6 H 12 O 6 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 36 ATP 6 _____+ 1 ____ (glucose) 6 ____ + 6 ____+ 36 ATP carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen (energy) _____

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Where do the reactants come from? 1. Glucose (sugar) comes from the foods we eat (or in the case of plants they make their own food)

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Where do the reactants come from? 2. Oxygen comes from the air/atmosphere

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Where does cellular respiration occur? Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria of both plant and animal cells

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Cellular Respiration Starts with Glycolysis (process producing ATP molecules) It then goes in one of two directions depending on whether oxygen is available. If O 2 is available -> Krebs cycle Electron transport chain (all aerobic) If O 2 is NOT available -> Fermentation (anaerobic)

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Stages of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis 1. Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasmOccurs in the cytoplasm A very fast, anaerobic process of splitting glucoseA very fast, anaerobic process of splitting glucose Produces 2 ATP molecules overallProduces 2 ATP molecules overall

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Stages of Cellular Respiration IF OXYGEN IS PRESENT 2.Krebs Cycle Occurs in the mitochondriaOccurs in the mitochondria Aerobic processAerobic process 3.Electron Transport Chain Occurs in the mitochondriaOccurs in the mitochondria

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Stages of Cellular Respiration IF OXYGEN IS NOT PRESENT 2.Fermentation Anaerobic respiration occursAnaerobic respiration occurs

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Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) Releasing energy from food by producing ATP without oxygen 2 types of fermentation 1) alcoholic fermentation (plants, bacteria) -produces alcohol and CO 2 2) lactic acid fermentation (animals) -produced in muscles during rapid exercise

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Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration, or fermentation, takes place in the cytoplasm

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Anaerobic Respiration It is a different way to make ATP compared to aerobic respiration because it DOES NOT use oxygen.

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Glycolysis only makes: Glycolysis only makes: 2 ATP2 ATP Lactic acidLactic acid - Toxic (harmful to cells)

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Plants are different

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Plants dont make lactic acid

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For plants, fermentation makes

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Alcohol (which is why its called alcoholic fermentation)

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2 Types of Fermentation 1.alcoholic fermentation Produces alcohol and carbon dioxide

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2 Types of Fermentation 1.alcoholic fermentation Example: used by yeast cells. When they run out of oxygen, they give off CO 2 this causes bread dough to rise.

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Remember Remember Glycolysis only makes:Glycolysis only makes: 2 ATP2 ATP Lactic acidLactic acid - Toxic (harmful to cells)

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2 Types of Fermentation 2) lactic acid fermentation During rapid exercise, oxygen isnt supplied fast enough to the muscles Muscles must produce their own ATP by lactic acid fermentation

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Ex. of Lactic acid fermentation

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2 Types of Fermentation lactic acid fermentation Lactic acid is toxic (it makes your muscles sore)

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Comparing Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Takes place in the mitochondria Takes place in the cytoplasm

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Comparing Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Produces LOTS of ATP Very little ATP produced

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Comparing Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Endurance Used for short bursts of energy

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Comparing Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration No harmful effects or toxins produced Produces lactic acid (toxic)

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Comparing Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Much more efficient Less efficient

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Anaerobic Respiration ***You get WAY more ATP from aerobic respiration than you do from anaerobic respiration (fermentation). Fermentation is mostly used to provide organisms with short-term bursts of energy when oxygen is not available.

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