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Respiration

Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

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Page 1: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Respiration

Page 2: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Chemical Cycling

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6+O2CO2+H2O

Photosynthesis CO2+H2O C6H12O6+O2

Why do we need to eat food?

Page 3: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Respiration and Breathing

How does cellular respiration relate to breathing?

How exactly is O2 used in the cells?

Why exactly do we breath out CO2?

Page 4: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Cellular Reactions

What type of bond holds food molecules together?

Page 5: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Cellular Reactions

What type of bond holds food molecules together?Covalent bonds: sharing of electrons

When looking at the formulas, we are looking at the transfers of electrons

Page 6: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Redox ReactionsChemical reactions that transfer electrons from one substance to anotherOxidation: loss of electrons from a moleculeReduction: gain of electrons

Page 7: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Redox ReactionsWhen electrons change partners, from sugar to oxygen, energy is releasedWhy?Because electrons are being transferred

from a less stable molecule (sugar) to a more stable molecule (O2)

Remember, the less stable the molecule, the more potential energy

O2 is one of the most stable molecules and its used by cells to cause redox reactions

Page 8: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Redox Reactions

As electrons are passed from a less stable to a more stable molecule, energy is released

This energy is used to recycle ADP to ATP

Page 9: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Cells Must Be Efficient

What would happen if our cells burn glucose (releasing electrons) all at once?

Page 10: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Redox Reactions

Page 11: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

One Way We Regenerate ATP

Page 12: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

The Fast Way!

Page 13: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

A Closer Look

Cellular Respiration has three main stages Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport

Chain

You need to know: The purpose of each

stage Where it takes place

Page 14: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

A Closer LookGlycolysis “sugar splitting” Glucose is split in two Makes it easier to

harvest electrons in the glucose molecule

Takes place in cytosol Because glucose is split

(less stable to more stable), a little energy is released to make ATP

Page 15: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat
Page 16: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Glycolysis Summary

Page 17: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle

Pyruvic Acid Two molecules from

glycolysis (cytoplasm) Enters mitochondria PA does not enter

Krebs cycle Two Acetyl-CoA

Page 18: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Pyruvate Processing

Page 19: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

A Closer LookKrebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Completely strips the split sugar

molecules of their electrons Electrons are carried off by

NADH & FADH2

A waste product is produced (CO2)

A small amount of energy is used to make ATP

Takes place in mitochondria

Page 20: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat
Page 21: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

ChemiosmosisElectron Transport Chain Electrons captured by

NADH are passed down a chain of proteins

O2 is the final electron acceptor (most stable)

Energy is released as electrons are passed down the chain to O2

This energy is used to make ATP….but how?

Page 22: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

The ETC: Review

Page 23: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

ATP Synthase

Page 24: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Summary

Page 25: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat
Page 26: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

What If O2 is Absent?

When muscles are over worked, they run out of O2

Without O2, the Krebs Cycle and ETC shut downGlycolysis produces small amounts of energy and lactic acid (ethyl alcohol)

Lactic Acid

Page 27: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat
Page 28: Respiration. Chemical Cycling Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 +O 2 Why do we need to eat

Summary

We need the electrons in food to drive the synthesis of ATP

We need O2 because it’s a stable electron acceptor and therefore runs the ETC

CO2 is a waste product produced after foods have been completely stripped of their electrons (exhale out lungs)

Cellular respiration is a three stage process