Respondent 2012 - african human rights moot

8/12/2019 Respondent 2012 - african human rights moot

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THE TWENTY FIRST AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS MOOT COURT COMPETITION

UNIVERSIDADE EDUARDO MONDLANE, MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE

1 6 OCTOBER 2012

THE AFRICAN COURT ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES RIGHTS

IN THE MATTER BETWEEN

THE NGO CONCHINA CONCERNED CITIZENS COALITION! "CCCC# $C%&

AND

THE STATE OF CONCHINA

MEMORIAL FOR THE RESPONDENT


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................................... ii

LIST OF AUTHORITIES........................................................................................................................ iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................................... vi

STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION........................................................................................................ vii

ADMISSIBILITY................................................................................................................................... viii

STATEMENT OF FACTS...................................................................................................................... ix

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS.............................................................................................................. xi

MERITS.................................................................................................................................................1

I The legali! "# he I$ve%&e$ A' ......................................................................................................1

A. O(ligai"$ "# he Sae "# C"$'hi$a )$*e+ a+i'le ,1 "# he A#+i'a$ Cha+e+..................................1

B. O(ligai"$% )$*e+ a+i'le ,-1 "# he I$e+$ai"$al C"ve$a$ "$ E'"$"&i'/ S"'ial a$* C)l)+al

Righ%................................................................................................................................................. ,

II The legii&a'! "# he +e#)%al " a''e0 #i$a$'ial ai* #+"& he UF....................................................2

III The legali! "# Chilala3% '"$vi'i"$ )$*e+ he Se*ii"$ A'................................................................4

A.Vi"lai"$ "# A+i'le ,5-2 "# he A#+i'a$ Cha+e+...............................................................................4

B. Vi"lai"$ "# A+i'le 15 "# he ICCR a$* A+i'le 5-, "# he A#+i'a$ Cha+e+ .................................6

IV The legali! "# he #"+'e* #ee*i$g "# Chilala.......................................................................................7

A. O(ligai"$ "$ %ae 0a+ie% )$*e+ A+i'le 16 "# he A#+i'a$ Cha+e+.................................................7

B. O(ligai"$ )$*e+ A+i'le 1, "# he ICESCR ...................................................................................5

V Chilala3% Righ " a Fai+ T+ial............................................................................................................11

A.A+i'le 8 "# he A#+i'a$ Cha+e+ a$* A+i'le 19 "# he ICCR.........................................................11

RAYERS...........................................................................................................................................19

ii


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LIST OF AUTHORITIES

INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

1. African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (African Charter), 27 June 1981,

CAB/LEG/67/3. Rev. 5, 21 I.L.M 58 (1982), Adoped !n B"n#u$, %&e G"'!"

2. African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, "doped 15

epe'e* 1968, A$+!e*, A$+e*!". CAB/LEG/2-.1

3. African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights 200 Resolution on !reedom of

"#pression

-.A$ %aputo &eclaration on Agriculture and !ood 'ecurit (23)

5. od of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under An !orm of &etention or

*mprisonment. Adoped &e Gene*"$ Ae'$ 9 0ee'e* 1988

6. Charter of the $nited Nations, 1 % 4I

7. &eclaration of Principles on !reedom of "#pression in Africa

8. *nternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, M"*& 23, 1976, 999 ..%.. 171

9. *nternational Covenant on "conomic 'ocial and Cultural Rights, J"nu"* 3, 1976, 993

..%.. 3

1. Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the "sta+lishment of an

African Court on Human and Peoples Rights,AG Re. 23 (1998/2-)

11. Rev!ed African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources,

"doped !n M"puo Mo"'!ue, 11 Ju$ 23.

iii


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12. 'iracusa Principles on the imitation and &erogation of Provisions in the *nternational

Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,Anne, 0o E/C.-/198-/- (198-)

13. 'tandard %inimum Rules for the -reatment of Prisoners. Adoped &e :!* n!ed

"!on Con+*e on &e ;*even!on o< C*!'e "nd &e %*e"'en o< =


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5. esotho6 Attorne4eneral v 7%opa(22) ARLR 91 (LeCA 22)

6. %edia Rights Agenda and 3thers v Nigeria(2) ARLR 2 (AC;R 1998)

7.Odafe and Others v Attorney-General and Others2- ARLR 25 (+C 2-)

8. 'esana and 3thers v Attorne eneral 26 183 ARLR (B>C)

BOO'S AND ARTICLES

1. A'o$$o R 8"nsuring Rights ma9e Real Change 29 ER Rev!e> o$u'e 1

2. 0u+"*d J *nternational a 8A 'outh African Persepeive 3*ded (Ju" ? Co Ld C$"*e'on

29)

3. Eo*"& % @Human Rights &evelopments in African 'u+4Regional Communities during

200/ 21 ARLR 2-9252

-. Lu'!n" C @!ree trade or :ust trade; -he orld trade organisation, human rights and

development (Part 2) 21L">, 0e'o*" "nd 0eve$o'en o$u'e -

5. Ro!non ; 29 -he Right to a !air -rial in *nternational a Co$$ou!u' on

Ine*n"!on"$ Ju!e Ro'e

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. ACCR African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and

Natural Resources

2. AC;R African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (African Charter)

3. ARLR African Human Rights a Reports

-. CCCC Con&!n" Cone*ned C!!en Co"$!!on

5. 0A: A$ %aputo &eclaration on Agriculture and !ood 'ecurit

6. RC u'"n R!+& Co''!ee

7. ICC;R *nternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

8. ICECR *nternational Covenant on "conomic, 'ocial and Cultural Rights

9. G= onGove*n'en"$ =*+"n!"!on

1. CA% Convention against -orture and 3ther Cruel, *nhuman or

&egrading -reatment or Punishment

11.0R $niversal &eclaration of Human Rights

12. n!ed "!on

13.ECA n!ed "!on Eono'! Co''!!on


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STATEMENT OF (URISDICTION

1. %&e *eponden u'! &" !n e*' o< "*!$e 3 o< -heProtocol to the African Charter on

the "sta+lishment of the African Court on Human and Peoples Rights &e Cou* &ou$d

de!de on ! o>n #u*!d!!on !n &e '"e* " &"nd.

1 A*!$e 3(1) o< &e -he Protocol to the African Charter on the esta+lishment of the African Court onHuman and Peoples Rights on #u*!d!!on p*ov!de &u,%&e #u*!d!!on o< &e Cou* &"$$ eend o "$$"e "nd d!pue u'!ed o ! one*n!n+&e !ne*p*e"!on "nd "pp$!"!on o< &e C&"*e*, &! ;*ooo$"nd "n o&e* *e$ev"n u'"n R!+& !n*u'en *"!&e&e* &e Cou* &" #u*!d!!on, &e Cou* &"$$ de!de.D

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ADMISSIBILITY

2. %&e *nterim Rules of the African Court on Human and Peoples Rights "e &"

"pp$!"n &ou$d o'p$ >!& &e p*ov!!on o< "*!$e 56 o< &e ACHPR>&!& p*ov!de

&" $o"$ *e'ed!e &ou$d e e&"ued e


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STATEMENT OF FACTS

3. %&e "e o< Con&!n" ! " deve$op!n+ oun* !n Ap*ov!ne o< >&!& &e en*"$ p*ov!ne ! >e$$ Fno>n " " *u*"$ oun* >!& !ndu*!e "nd u"n!"$$ *e$!"n on

don"!on !& &e nu*!!on"$ onen o< ! "p$e *op. In *e"!on &e

+ove*n'en o< Con&!n" on$uded &e : "+*ee'en. %&e


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!+n!eve* " *!"$ pe*!od "nd "

en o< &e pu*&"e p*!e o< &e eed >" *eu!*ed &e*e"een &e ;: "nd Con&!n" "nd "ed &e*eon, !n 21

Con&!n" de$!ned o "ep ou$d ove*&*o> &e +ove*n'en o< Con&!n".

ueuen$, de'on*"!on >e*e ondued oun*>!de >!&ou po$!e pe*'!.

:o$$o>!n+ "n e

"**eed "nd &"*+ed >!& ed!!on unde* &e 'edition Acto< Con&!n". C&!$"$" on!nued

&! &un+e* *!Fe "nd &o>ed 'po' o< " ondued !n &e p*eene o" no !n on*"ven!on o< "*!$e 9(2) "nd 29(3) o< &e African Charter"nd "*!$e 19 o!&

! o$!+"!on " uod!"n o< &e !*on o*e >e"$& o< Con&!n". e!on 22 o< &e

Constitution of the Repu+lic Conchina, 1983e"$!&e &e de'o*"!"$$e$eed

*ep*een"!ve o< Con&!n" " &e uod!"n o< &e n"u*"$ *eou*e o< Con&!n".

17.A uod!"n o< &e "ed *eou*e, &e de'o*"!"$$ e$eed +ove*n'en o< &e

"e ! *eu!*ed o ee*!e "*e "nd on*o$ ove* &e n"u*"$ *eou*e ne*&!p o< &e *eou*e veH n"'e$ &e

!!en o< Con&!n". In &e "e o< 'esana and 3thers v Attorne eneral!&!n &e "'! o< &e "e du!e. A*!$e 21(3) 6 "nd

"*!$e 21(-)7 o< &eAfrican Charteru"$!C).4 5 A*!$e 2 o< &e African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

o$!+"e "e p"*!e o "dop 'e"u*e nee"* o enu*e u!$!"!on o< n"u*"$ *eou*e >!&due *e+"*d o &e e !ne*e o< &e peop$e.

6 A*!$e 21(3) o< &e A!&ou p*e#ud!e o &e o$!+"!on o< p*o'o!n+ !ne*n"!on"$ eono'!oope*"!on "ed on 'uu"$ *epe, eu!"$e e&"n+e "nd &e p*!n!p$e o< !ne*n"!on"$ $">.D

8 A*!$e 21(-) o< &e African Charter "e &" "e p"*!e o &e p*een C&"*e* &"$$!nd!v!du"$$ "nd o$$e!ve$ ee*!e &e *!+& o o *en+&en!n+ A


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19.A*!$e 21(-) o< &e African Charterp$"e "n o$!+"!on on "e p"*!e o en"

$e+!$"!on >&!& p*o'oe eono'! deve$op'en "nd o&e!vene "'on+ Aune'p$o'en &"d de*e"ed "nd p"*ne*&!p e>een


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e&n!"$, o &e '"!'u' o< ! "v"!$"$e *eou*e, >!& " v!e> o "&!ev!n+

p*o+*e!ve$ &e o$!+"!on on &e "e o p*ov!de e*"!n o!oeono'! +ood on de'"nd. %&e

Reponden "e "*+ue &" ! !n!!"ed &e : "+*ee'en o !n*e"e &e

nu*!!on"$ v"$ue o< &e "+*!u$u*"$ eed. A *eo*ded, &e o#e!ve o< &e "+*ee'en

>e*e 'e.12

%&! "+*ee'en >" !n "o*d"ne >!& "*!$e 22 o< &eAfrican Charter"

! >" "!'ed " eu*!n+ &e eono'! "nd o!"$ *!+& o< &e poo* "nd ""!n!n+

deve$op'en. o>eve*, &e &!& *eu$ed !n &e !n"!$! o upp$ &e "+*!u$u*"$ eed, on!ued "

$e+!!'"e $!'!"!on o< &e *!+& unde* "*!$e 22 o< &e African Charter. %&e

1: A*!$e 2(1) o< &e *nternational Covenant on "conomic, 'ocial and Cultural Rights, 1966.11 ;"*"+*"p& 1 o< &e po&e!"$ :". Repo* *e$e"ed &e M!n!e* o<

une'p$o'en &"d de*e"ed "nd p"*ne*&!p e>een


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Reponden u'! &" >e*e &e "e !

p*e*o+"!ve o '"Fe eeu!ve de!!on *e+"*d!n+ &e oun eono'!"$ "nd

!pu$"e &" "e &"ve "n o$!+"!on o p*ov!de eve*, &e '"nne* !n >&!&, "nd &e 'e"u*e &" 'u e

e'p$oed " Gove*n'en o ""!n &! o$!+"!on "*e no !pu$"ed. %&e "e o!&!n &e!* o*de* >&o "*e un"$e o +"!n u& "e on &e!*o>n.

19 e*e!n"


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III T)* +*-+./ C).+-+-% 5&o n"!on"$ o* *e!den &e

!.16C&!$"$" "e'en "nd &e oneuene &e*eo< "*e !n *e"& o< &! du.

C&!$"$" ueuen onv!!on unde* &e 'edition Act ! &e*ee!+& p*opo*!on"$$ 'o*e &"n &e

4


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B3 V.+-/.5 A9/.+* 1= /)*ICCPR -58 A9/.+* ="2& /)*African Charter

28.%&e Reponden u'! &" &e "e'en '"de C&!$"$" on!ued ed!!on

"nd &! ueuen onv!!on on " &"*+e o< ed!!on >" $">&!& d!*e$ o* !nd!*e$

on*!ue o>"*d v!o$ene "+"!n "n e$eed +ove*n'en. 18 %&e "!d e!on

o**epond >!& "*!$e 19 o< &e *nternational Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights, 196619

29.In J"nu"* 211 C&!$"$" "ed !n &e p*eene o< &! o&" &e on$ >" o enu*e " o ove*&*o> &e +ove*n'en "nd &"

&e >ou$d do ! &!'e$

&"$$ &"ve &e *!+& o &o$d op!n!on >!&ou !ne*!& "*!$e 21 o< &e *CCPR&" dee*'!ne %&e *!+& o "nd "*e nee"*

() :o* &e p*oe!on o< n"!on"$ eu*! o* o< pu$! o*de* (o*de* pu$!),

o* o< pu$! &e"$& o* 'o*"$.23

31.%&e Reponden "*+ue &" &! "e'en on!ue ed!!on unde* "*!$e 19 o" u''oned &e p*!on >"*den o *e"

C&!$"$". C&!$"$" *ee!ved &e *eu!*ed 'ed!"$ *e"'en "nd oneuen$

*eove*ed. e d!d &o>eve* p*oe "+"!n &e *e"'en "nd " u& &"d o e

p&!"$$ *e*"!ned. An


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37.In %edia Rights Agenda and 3thers v Nigeria>&e ou* &e$d &" &e *epon!!$!

o< &e "e &e!+&en !n "e >&e*e &e !nd!v!du"$ ! !n ! uod "nd &e*e

"ove "!n+ &" "*!$e 16(2) o< &eAfrican Charterp$"e " du on &e "e o

"Fe &e nee"* 'e"u*e o p*oe &e &e"$& o< &e!* de"!nee "nd o enu*e

&" &e *ee!ve 'ed!"$ "en!on >&en &e "*e !F.

39.A*!$e 16 o< &eAfrican Charterp$"ed " d!*e du on &e Gove*n'en o< Con&!n"

o enu*e &" C&!$"$" *ee!ved &e nee"* 'ed!"$ "en!on " *eu!*ed o Feep

&!' "$!ve. Ao*d!n+$, &e *eponden u'! &" &e "!on o< &e "e o


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'en"$ &e"$&.3- A*!$e 12(2)(d) o< &e *C"'CRde$"*e &" &e nee"* ep

&e p"*!e o &e oven"n &"$$ "Fe !n &!& >!$$ "u*e 'ed!"$ e*v!e "nd 'ed!"$ "en!on !n

even o< !Fne. In "o*d"ne >!& &ee p*ov!!on &e "e o< Con&!n" &"d "

$e+"$ o$!+"!on o>"*d C&!$"$", " " !!en o< Con&!n", o p*ov!de &!' >!&

"deu"e 'ed!"$ "*e. 35

-2.In *nternational Pen and 3thers (on +ehalf of 'aro45ia) v Nigeria 36 ! >" "+"!n

"ed &e ou* &" &e *epon!!$! o< &e "e &e!+&en >&e*e "n !nd!v!du"$

! !n ! uod.

37

In &e "e e Rou# v %inister of 'afet and 'ecurit

38

&e

up*e'e ou* &e$d &" " pe*on " o &"*' &!'e$

26 *nternational Pen and 3thers v Nigeria(2) ARLR 212 (AC;R 1998).28 *nternational Pen and 3thers v Nigeria(2) ARLR 212 (AC;R 1998) p"*112.38 e Rou# v %inister of 'afet and 'ecurit and Another29 - A -91 ().25 ;*!n!p$e 2- o< &e od of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under An !orm of

&etention or *mprisonment. Adoped &e Gene*"$ Ae'$ 9 0ee'e* 1988.;*!n!p$e 2- o< &e od of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under An !orm of &etentionor *mprisonment !pu$"e &" " p*ope* e"'!n"!on &"$$ e o


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V C).+-+-% R.)/ / - F-.9 T9.-+

A3 A9/.+* ? /)*African Charter -58 A9/.+* 1$ /)*ICCPR

--.%&e p*oedu*e ed !n &e *!"$ "nd onv!!on o< C&!$"$" d!d no v!o$"e &! *!+&

o " " "**eed on

1 Ap*!$ 212, *"n!& ed!!on. %&ee even ou**ed >!&!n " &ou*. -=n 7 M" 212, ne"*$ "

'on& "e$$e"$!&ed *u$e o< uo'"* !ne*n"!on"$ $"> "nd

! v!e>ed " " pe*e'po* no*' o< !ne*n"!on"$ $">. -2A*!$e 7 o< &eAfrican Charter

!no*po*"e &! no*' "nd "e &", @Eve* !nd!v!du"$ &" &e *!+& o &"ve &!

"ue &e"*d.-3%&e R!+& !

pe!

"u&o*!. :u*&e*, &e *!+& eno'p"e &e p*eu'p!on o< !nnoene un!$ p*oven

+u!$ "nd &e *!+& o $e+"$ de


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-7.In &e "e o< ?ena6 1uma and 3thers v Attorne4eneral (23) ARLR 179

(KeC 23)-5&e ou* on!de*ed &e 'e"n!n+ o< @!n+ C&!$"$" onv!!on !n &e Cen*"$ ;*ov!ne !+& Cou*, "n !'p"*!"$

*!un"$, C&!$"$" "ppe"$ed o &e "pp*op*!"e "u&o*!, n"'e$ &e Con!u!on"$

Cou* o< Con&!n", >&!& on

&e *!"$ >" "*!ued o &! o>n >e"Fne " " *eu$ o< &! &un+e* *!Fe u

*e+u$"* onu$"!on >!& &! $e+"$ oune$ ooF p$"e p*!o* o "nd du*!n+ &e *!"$. -6

-9.A*!$e 7(1) o< &eAfrican Charterdoe no ep*e$ pe!(d) %o e *!ed !n &! p*eene, "nd o de


24/26

5.C&!$"$" *e+u$"*$ onu$ed >!& &! $e+"$ oune$ "nd &e*e" +!ven "deu"e

oppo*un! o p*ep"*e &! de!& &! $e+"$ oune$, >&o ueuen$

dee*e no v!o$"ed !n &"

&e >" *!ed unde* &e "$$o>ed !*u'"ne *e"ed !n &ee "*!$e, on!u!n+

"


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PRAYERS

%&e *eponden *epe

v!o$"e &eAfrican Charter o* "n o&e* !ne*n"!on"$ $">.

II. A de$"*"!on &" &e *eponden "ed !n "o*d"ne >!& "*!$e 22 o< &eAfrican

Charter o &e een &" &e *!+& on"!ned &e*e!n do no *e"e "n unu"$!

o$!+"!on on &e "e "nd &" ! d!d no v!o$"e &e African Chartero* "n o&e*

!ne*n"!on"$ $">.

III. A de$"*"!on &" &e *eponden &"d " ove*e!+n *!+& !n "**e!n+ "nd p*oeu!n+

C&!$"$" on &e +*ound o< @ed!!on "nd @ed!!ou $!e$ on &e +*ound o< $!'!!n+

C&!$"$" *!+& o &!$e C&!$"$" >"

de"!ned "nd &" ! d!d no v!o$"e &eAfrican Chartero* "n o&e* !ne*n"!on"$ $">.

19


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. A de$"*"!on &" C&!$"$" *!+& o " " no v!o$"ed !n &" &e >" *!ed

unde* &e !pu$"!on p*ov!ded

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Respondent 2012 - african human rights moot