RESTORATION AND THE LIBERAL

REVOLUTIONS 1 BACH.HISTORY OF EUROPE

He made all the agreements following four main principles:

Legitimism Intervention

Absolutism Balance of

power

All the European states were represented except the

Ottoman Empire. The leading countries were:

Great Britain Russia

Lord

Castlereagh Duke of Wellington

Tsar Alexander I

Prussia Austria France

Frederick William III Prince Metternich Talleyrand

These big five powers made the most important

decisions:

1. Reorganise the European map

2. Re-establish the political system before the

French Revolution

Ferdinand VII Louis XVIII

To ensure the Congress of Vienna worked two alliances were established:

The Quadruple Alliance

The Holy Alliance

The Congress System seemed to work quite well. There

was no major European war between 1815 and 1850’s,

the longest period of peace in Europe for centuries.

NATIONALISM

LIBERALISM

The main powers tried to suppress

both and the system started to break down in the

1820s with the liberal revolutions.

The Congress System ignored two new important

movements:

Consequences of the revolutions

The Restoration system disappeared for good.

The working class saw that the bourgeoisie didn’t include them in their revolutionary ideas. They needed to organise in an independent way.

The unifications of Italy and Germany started.