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byAmbaryaniAnnisa Septianing TyasFirdha Malik HasannudinRestoration DramaContent of discussion General features

Charles IICharles II becomes kingResponse to the puritansReforms to the theater English Royal Patent of 1662-Theater MonopolyWomen Actors

Theater MonopoliesTwo playhouses given official sanction:Drury Lane TheaterLincolns Inn FieldsFrom these two names comes the term, legitimate theater, which refers to professional stage plays.

Genre/ themeContinue Heroic tragedy is very extraordinary and usually encompasses some extremely good deed done by a very willful, admirable character. extraordinary characters / deeds / contrived plays /themes of love.

Restoration tragedyRestoration tragedy refers to neoclassical rules making it very imitative. Usually these tragedies are reworkings of Shakespearean plays.adherence to neoclassical rules. / Shakespeare works converted.

Comedy of MannersComedy of mannersis used as a synonym of Restoration comedy.[These plays would typically mock the upper-class and would usually include vulgar and sexually suggestive language.Focuses on the fashions and foibles of the upper class gossip, adultery, sexual escapadesComedy of Manners costumes were very lavish. This was partly because King Charles II was quite a large patron of the arts and gave lots of money to theater companies.

comedy of IntrigueThis type of comedy has a somewhat complicated plot, and usually evolves around romance and adventureRestoration dramaStructureThe new theatres were indoor and smaller than the Elizabethan onesThe old platform stage was eliminated:only the back and the front stages remained and a scenery, painted in perspective, began to be usedThe audience was sitting in the dark, separated from the stage that was brightly lit and no longer bare

Restoration dramaLanguageThe change in taste affected the language, too: playwrights used five-foot rhymed couplets for heroic plays, blank verse for the tragedies and prose in comedies

The brillance and perfection of the prose resulted from the witty sparkling dialogues, which were also the chief means of portraying the charactersRestoration dramaAudienceAs the Restoration privileged private rather than public theatres, the audience, mainly formed by courtiers, aristocrats and the upper middle class, became more and more socially restricted and homogeneous

Drama became more and more a class drama and the national and popular character of the Elizabethan theatre disappeared forever

Restoration dramaAuthors and worksJohn Dryden (1631-1700) - influencial poet, critic, translator and playwright is primarily remembered (as a dramatist) for his Neo-Classic tragedies. He dominated the literary life of Restoration England and was made Poet Laureate of England in 1667.

William Congreve (1670-1729) - The Way of the World - Love for Love

Continue...Mrs. Aphra behn (1640-1689) was one of the first and most industrious of English women playwrights.She was the author of eighteen plays, most of them highly successful and fully as indecent as any by Wycherley or Vanbrugh

Continue..William Wycherly (1640-1716) Most famous play: The Country Wife (1675)In the play a man attempts to keep his wife away from the amorous advances of Horner, who specializes in seducing other mens wives

ActorsRestoration Theater was the first genre in which women were widely accepted as actors in England. This is a huge change for Englandthe country had reacted with utter outrage at the appearance of French actresses in the 1620s.Some of the more popular actors and actresses of the late 1600s are Nell Gwynne, Anne Bracegirdle, Colley Cibber and Charles Macklin.

Women ActorsThe patent stated:All womens parts should be performed by women and that plays and acting should be considered not only harmless delights but useful and instructive representations of human life.Nell Gwynn moves the passionsFirst Celebrity Actors

Physical Structure of the TheaterAudiences seated on floorStage is raked, that is, sloped upward away from the viewers.Terms upstage and downstage develop.Elaborate scenery and mechanical equipment usedMove to the indoors, artificial lightMiddle-priced tickets were in the pit before the proscenium-arched stage.The first-level boxes against the walls were most expensive.The lowest-priced seats were in the upper ranges of the balconies.

Costumes Costumes Contemporary clothing Conventionalized Sumptuous & flattering Common stock Actors' collections

Conclusion Charles I of England Removed from throne by Oliver Cromwell and the Puritans after a bitter civil war lasting 1642-1649. Charles I beheaded 1649. England Governed by Cromwell and Parliament. Period known as the Commonwealth. Cromwell dies 1658 (son unable to keep control). 1660 Charles II. Living in France restored to the thrown Restoration Period. Puritans Close Theatres 1642 Theatre dissolved. During Commonwealth Drolls performed in private Charles II. Restores Theatre activity grants patents/license. Patents Granted by Charles II to: William Davenant (Dukes Men) and William Killigrew (Kings Men) Monopoly on Theatre. Licensing Act of 1737 (due to Violation of Patents) Lord Chamberlain (Government Official). Two Theatres in London allowed to produce regular drama (19th cent. Licensing act loosened)Genre / Form: Heroic tragedy, Restoration tragedy, Comedies of Intrigue, Comedies of Manners:

questionWhat is the reason in the comedy of manner using vulgar language?Referenceshttp://pages.towson.edu/quick/restoration.htmlhttp://britlitwiki.wikispaces.com/Restoration+and+Eighteenth-Century+Dramahttp://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/spd130et/restor.htm