RESTORATION OF RESTORATION OF AQUACULTURE IN ACEH, AQUACULTURE IN ACEH, INDONESIA – SEAWEED INDONESIA – SEAWEED

IN SHRIMP PONDSIN SHRIMP PONDS

Kevin FitzsimmonsKevin Fitzsimmons

and and

HasanuddinHasanuddin

Busan, KoreaBusan, Korea

May 21, 2008May 21, 2008

Aquaculture in northern Aquaculture in northern Sumatra Sumatra

• 33,000 households registered with 33,000 households registered with aquaculture as primary family aquaculture as primary family vocationvocation

• Family owned one hectare coastal Family owned one hectare coastal ponds typicalponds typical

• Commonly used mono-culture of Commonly used mono-culture of shrimpshrimp

Lamnga, Aceh: before and after Dec Lamnga, Aceh: before and after Dec 20042004

Damaged aquaculture Damaged aquaculture pondsponds

Problems before the Problems before the tsunamitsunami

• Shrimp diseasesShrimp diseases

• Poor growth rates and survivalPoor growth rates and survival

• Decreasing water qualityDecreasing water quality

• Over reliance on single crop (shrimp)Over reliance on single crop (shrimp)

• Removal of mangroves and other Removal of mangroves and other estuarine vegetationestuarine vegetation

Potential solutions – Potential solutions – Sustainable coastal Sustainable coastal aquacultureaquaculture• Polyculture with fish (tilapia, milkfish, Polyculture with fish (tilapia, milkfish,

grouper fingerlings), bivalves and grouper fingerlings), bivalves and seaweedsseaweeds

• Improve biosecurity (quarantine, Improve biosecurity (quarantine, pathogen free shrimp)pathogen free shrimp)

• Improve water qualityImprove water quality• Improve water management and Improve water management and

tambak design and operationstambak design and operations• Use mangroves to filter water and Use mangroves to filter water and

reduce erosionreduce erosion

Recycling of wastesRecycling of wastes

• Fish and shrimp discharge ammonia Fish and shrimp discharge ammonia (NH(NH33), CO), CO2, 2, phosphates and solid waste phosphates and solid waste

• Plants (algae, seaweeds, mangroves) Plants (algae, seaweeds, mangroves) use these wastes as nutrients use these wastes as nutrients (fertilizers)(fertilizers)

• We need to use the plants to recycle We need to use the plants to recycle wastes and improve water quality and wastes and improve water quality and provide food and oxygen for animalsprovide food and oxygen for animals

• Bivalves (clams, oysters, mussels) filter Bivalves (clams, oysters, mussels) filter suspended solids from watersuspended solids from water

Seaweed polycultureSeaweed polyculture Aceh 2007 - 2008 Aceh 2007 - 2008

• Provide a more sustainable Provide a more sustainable aquaculture production system for aquaculture production system for shrimp and caged fish farmers shrimp and caged fish farmers

• Integrate seaweed with fish and shrimp Integrate seaweed with fish and shrimp

•GracilariaGracilaria and and EuchumaEuchuma

• Diversify productionDiversify production

• Develop a local demand for seaweed Develop a local demand for seaweed as a new sea vegetable and source of as a new sea vegetable and source of agar for cooking and candy agar for cooking and candy

• Workshops andWorkshops andtrainingtraining

• Field visits to Field visits to farmersfarmers

KAB. ACEH BESAR (3.450) Ha

KAB. ACEH PIDIE (5.073) Ha

KAB. BIREUN(6.710) Ha

Demonstration ponds stocked with Gracilaria

Aceh Besar

Initial stocks from Ohama corporate farm Initial stocks from Ohama corporate farm (1000 kg) brought to Sumatra(1000 kg) brought to Sumatra

Material loaded from farm Fresh material

Gracilaria distributed into ponds

Gracilaria growth between January and June 2007

NO. Farmer’s nameTambaksize (Ha)

VillageInitial

(kg)Sampling

(kg)Area

1. Muhammad 1,7 Lancang barat

150 830

2. Ayub 1,2 Lancang barat 100 550

3. Wahab ibrahim 1 Lancang barat 100 500

4. Ishak Bin 1,5 Lancang barat 100 480

5. Tarmizi 1 Lancang barat 60 250

6. H. Hanafiah 1,8 Lancang barat 150 800

7. Jalil 0,5 Lancang timur

60 270

8. Ridwan 0,5 Lancang timur

50 240

9. Jalil Johan 0,5 Lancang timur

50 250

10 Hamdani 0,5 Lancang timur

50 220

11. Aswar 1 Pasi lhok 100 510

12. Agam 0,4 Pasi lhok 40 200 Total : Total : 12,6 ha12,6 ha

•Fresh Gracilaria from the shrimp pond

POPULATION OF KAREUNG

VILLAGE

BEFORE TSUNAMI : ± 400 PEOPLE

AFTER TSUNAMI : 127 PEOPLE OF 57

FAMILIES

SUBSISTENCE : MOSTLY FISHERS

VILLAGEVILLAGE : :

KAREUNGKAREUNG

SUBDISTRICTSUBDISTRICT : LHONG: LHONG

DISTRICTDISTRICT : ACEH BESAR: ACEH BESAR

PLANTING OF SEAWEED (Euchuma SEED

GROWOUT OF Euchuma SEAWEED

SEAWEED IS READY FOR HARVEST

SEAWEED HARVESTING

PRODUCTION RESULTSPRODUCTION RESULTS ( (EuchumaEuchuma SEED DEVELOPMENT) SEED DEVELOPMENT)

LOCATIONLOCATION UNITUNIT SIZE OF RAFTSIZE OF RAFT SEED PRODUCTION SEED PRODUCTION (KG)(KG)

KAREUNGKAREUNG 11 4 X 8 M24 X 8 M2 760760

22 4 X 8 M24 X 8 M2 745745

33 4 X 8 M24 X 8 M2 755755

SEURAPONGSEURAPONG 11 4 X 6 M24 X 6 M2 720720

22 4 X 6 M24 X 6 M2 720720

33 4 X 6 M24 X 6 M2 725725

44 4 X 6 M24 X 6 M2 710710

55 4 X 6 M24 X 6 M2 715715

731731AVERAGE PRODUCTION

ResultsResults

Seaweed, milkfish and shrimp Seaweed, milkfish and shrimp polyculturepolyculture

Agar production workshop April - May Agar production workshop April - May 20082008

• Small scale Small scale processing of processing of agaragar

• Use for cooking Use for cooking ingredient and ingredient and candycandy

Off to the next workshop Off to the next workshop ………………

Presentation Presentation ofof results results

ConclusionsConclusions• Shrimp and fish farms integrated with Shrimp and fish farms integrated with

seaweed production are economically seaweed production are economically and ecologically sustainable.and ecologically sustainable.

• International efforts required to bring International efforts required to bring diverse funding sources and expertise diverse funding sources and expertise to assist with restoration efforts.to assist with restoration efforts.

• Still more efforts required to assist Still more efforts required to assist producers to apply sustainable producers to apply sustainable methods.methods.

PartnersPartners•AquaFish - CRSPAquaFish - CRSP•Aquaculture without FrontiersAquaculture without Frontiers•World Aquaculture SocietyWorld Aquaculture Society•Professionals InternationalProfessionals International•University of Arizona – Maricopa Ag CenterUniversity of Arizona – Maricopa Ag Center•Network of Aquaculture Centers in AsiaNetwork of Aquaculture Centers in Asia•YSI Aquaculture Restoration FundsYSI Aquaculture Restoration Funds•Mercy CorpsMercy Corps•World Wildlife FundWorld Wildlife Fund•UN – Food & Agriculture OrganizationUN – Food & Agriculture Organization•US-Agency for International DevelopmentUS-Agency for International Development