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Review - Midterm #2 (Visualizing Geology ) Chapters 3,5,9,11,13,15 GEOL 101: Dr. D. Weeraratne Other Suggested Review material: - Homework #2 - “Self Test” at end of each Chapter - Class Notes Chapter 11: Streams and Groundwater Streams Delta, headwaters, bank, floodplain, stream gradient stream, channel V-shaped valleys discharge load floodplain continental divide drainage basin tributary braided stream meander oxbow lake levee floodwalls point bar downcutting – in different rock types stream gradient stream velocity, variations in velocity in stream width, along curves importance of stream channel shape, roughness Flooding, definition, causes, prevention recurrence interval of frequency Groundwater ground water Earth's water budget Porosity, permeability water table aquifer, well springs, streams contamination of ground water balancing withdrawal and recharge cone of depression drawdown saturated zone unconfined/ confined aquifer unsaturated zone Chapter 13: Deserts, Glaciers and Climate Change Deserts Types of deserts Desert features in SW United States, California Wind erosion, transportation, deposition saltation suspension abrasion deflation flash floodplain Types of dunes longitudinal dune parabolic dune rain shadow ...Chapter 13 ventifact desertification Glaciers How glaciers form and grow or shrink How glacial ice forms from snow flakes Types of Glaciers (alpine, continental, sheet, valley) movement of glacial ice, plastic flow/ rigid slide Glacial erosion glacial deposits ablation Glacier budget advancing, receding glacier zone of ablation zone of accumulation drumlin crevasse medial moraine terminal moraine erratic hanging valley iceberg U-shaped valleys Climate Change Scientific methods for studying past temperatures Scientific methods for studying past CO2 levels Temperature behavior in past 60 million years Carbon dioxide behavior in past 400 thousand years Possible causes for temperature variations Observed effects of climate change Dates/year of major change in CO2 levels Dates of major events on Geologic Time scale (Dinosaurs, humans, industrial revolution) List things can we do to slow or reverse current CO2 levels? Chapter 9: Geologic Structures anticline, syncline brittle, ductile dip, strike fault, joint elastic limit fold hanging wall, footwall geologic cross section geologic map left-lateral fault right-lateral faults, strike-slip fault, normal fault thrust (reverse) fault shear stress, compressive stress stress, strain structural dome, basin Concepts: Oil and gas reservoirs rock examples of brittle and ductile deformation Mapping strike and dip of rock layers Surface age of beds for anilines and synclines, domes, basins 3 types of faults What plate boundaries are each of these faults observed? San Andreas fault and details

Review - Midterm #2 (Visualizing Geology) Chapters 3,5,9 ...dsw/review_ex2_spr08.pdf · Review - Midterm #2 (Visualizing Geology) Chapters 3,5,9,11,13,15 GEOL 101: Dr. D. Weeraratne

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Page 1: Review - Midterm #2 (Visualizing Geology) Chapters 3,5,9 ...dsw/review_ex2_spr08.pdf · Review - Midterm #2 (Visualizing Geology) Chapters 3,5,9,11,13,15 GEOL 101: Dr. D. Weeraratne

Review - Midterm #2 (Visualizing Geology)Chapters 3,5,9,11,13,15GEOL 101: Dr. D. Weeraratne

Other Suggested Review material: - Homework #2 - “Self Test” at end of each Chapter - Class Notes

Chapter 11: Streams and Groundwater StreamsDelta, headwaters, bank, floodplain, streamgradientstream, channelV-shaped valleysdischargeloadfloodplaincontinental dividedrainage basintributarybraided streammeanderoxbow lakeleveefloodwallspoint bardowncutting – in different rock typesstream gradientstream velocity, variations in velocity in stream width, along curvesimportance of stream channel shape, roughnessFlooding, definition, causes, preventionrecurrence interval of frequency Groundwaterground waterEarth's water budgetPorosity, permeabilitywater tableaquifer, wellsprings, streamscontamination of ground waterbalancing withdrawal and rechargecone of depressiondrawdownsaturated zoneunconfined/ confined aquiferunsaturated zone

Chapter 13: Deserts, Glaciers and Climate Change DesertsTypes of desertsDesert features in SW United States, CaliforniaWind erosion, transportation, depositionsaltationsuspensionabrasiondeflationflash floodplainTypes of duneslongitudinal duneparabolic dunerain shadow

...Chapter 13ventifactdesertification GlaciersHow glaciers form and grow or shrinkHow glacial ice forms from snow flakesTypes of Glaciers (alpine, continental, sheet, valley)movement of glacial ice, plastic flow/ rigid slideGlacial erosionglacial depositsablationGlacier budgetadvancing, receding glacierzone of ablationzone of accumulationdrumlincrevassemedial moraineterminal moraineerratichanging valleyicebergU-shaped valleys Climate ChangeScientific methods for studying past temperaturesScientific methods for studying past CO2 levelsTemperature behavior in past 60 million yearsCarbon dioxide behavior in past 400 thousand yearsPossible causes for temperature variationsObserved effects of climate changeDates/year of major change in CO2 levelsDates of major events on Geologic Time scale (Dinosaurs, humans, industrial revolution)List things can we do to slow or reverse current CO2 levels?

Chapter 9: Geologic Structuresanticline, synclinebrittle, ductiledip, strikefault, jointelastic limitfoldhanging wall, footwallgeologic cross sectiongeologic mapleft-lateral faultright-lateral faults, strike-slip fault, normal faultthrust (reverse) faultshear stress, compressive stressstress, strainstructural dome, basinConcepts:Oil and gas reservoirsrock examples of brittle and ductile deformationMapping strike and dip of rock layersSurface age of beds for anilines and synclines, domes,

basins3 types of faultsWhat plate boundaries are each of these faults observed?San Andreas fault and details

Page 2: Review - Midterm #2 (Visualizing Geology) Chapters 3,5,9 ...dsw/review_ex2_spr08.pdf · Review - Midterm #2 (Visualizing Geology) Chapters 3,5,9,11,13,15 GEOL 101: Dr. D. Weeraratne

Chapter 3: Geologic Timestratigraphygeologic columnRelative ageNumerical (absolute) ageradioactivityhalf-liferadiometric datingGeologic Time Scalemagnetic reversalunconformity

Chapter 5: Earthquakes and the Earth's Interior Earthquakesearthquake, main shock, after shockseismometerbody waves, surface waveshypocenter, epicenterelastic rebound theoryintensityearthquake magnitudeseismogram, seismometerConcepts:Elastic rebound theoryEarthquakes (historical and current)measuring and locating earthquakesearthquake magnitudes, shaking, Richter scaleGlobal distribution of earthquakes Earth's Interior

...Chapter 5crust, mantle, lithosphere, asthenospherecore, inner core, outer coreCurie Pointgeophysicsheat flowisostasy, isostatic adjustmentmagnetic field, pole, reversalsP and S wave shadow zoneConcepts:Depth, thickness, and composition of all the layers in the EarthDifference between lithosphere and asthenosphereOceanic crust, continental crustSeismic S and P waves in the mantle and coreHow we know the composition and physical state of the coreMagnetic field reversals

Chapter 15: The Earth's ResourcesNatural resourcesrenewable resourcesnonrenewable resourcestypes of fossil fuelspeat, coalpetroleum, oilnatural gasbiomass energyhydroelectric energytar sandoil shale

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:. 1. A river's velocity is ____________ on the outside of a meandering curve compared to the inside. (a) higher (b) equal (c) lower

2. A body of saturate rock or sediment through which water can move easily underground is called _____(a) cone of depression (b) aquifer (c) stream bed (d) well

3. What is a water table ? (a) The upper surface of a zone of water saturation (b) an elevated lake bed (c) the lower surface of a zone of saturation (d) the top of the sea surface

4. Which rock type has the highest permeability ? (a) granite (b) shale (c) sandstone (d) mudstone

5. How does a confined aquifer differ from an unconfined aquifer ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. In the glacier shown moving downhill, indicate what portion of the glacier experiences plastic flow and what portion slides rigidly.

7. A glacier with a negative budget is called a ____________. (a) zone of ablation (b) advancing glacier (c) equilibrium line (d) receding glacier (e) glacier in debt

8. Which is not a characteristic of deserts ? (a) high humidity (b) limited rainfall (c) slow chemical weathering (d) flash floods

9. The uplifted rock beds to the right indicate a ____________dip and a ________________strike. (a) 25o E dip and N-S strike (b) 25o W dip and N-S strike (c) 25o NE dip and SE-NW strike (d) 25o S dip and E-W strike

10. The diagram to the right indicates a fault with what type of slip ?(a) left-lateral (b) normal (c) right-lateral (d) oblique