Review of Deterrence and Limited War

• Deterrence concept and definition• Enforcing Deterrence: Threat and Reward• Types of deterrence: Direct deterrence, Extended deterrence,

Immediate deterrence General deterrence• Dangers Behind Defending Protégé• Limited War• Examples of limited war: Kargil war, Israel attacks in Gaza,

Drone attacks, • Why limited war?

Foreign Policy of Pakistan and Its Role

Dr. Fayyaz Ahmad Faize

Foreign Policy of Pakistan and Its Challenges

• Foreign Policy• Guiding Principles of Pakistan Foreign Policy• Objectives of Pakistan Foreign Policy• Challenges to Pakistan Foreign Policy • Conclusion

Foreign Policy Definition and Concept

• Deals with relations between sovereign states• Hartmann: ‘a systematic statement of deliberately selected

national interests’• Gibson: ‘a well rounded comprehensive plan based on

knowledge and experience for conducting the business of government with the rest of the world. It is aimed at promoting and protecting the interests of the nations’

• Crabb: ‘ Foreign policy consists of two elements, national objectives to be achieved and means for achieving them’

• indicates the principles and preferences on which a country wants to establish relations with another country for promoting national interests

Foreign Policy cont.

• Foreign policy is the systematic plan, intention, aspiration, and ideals of any country on how to deal with its neighbours and the world entirely.

• It tells us about a country, it political objectives, its economic preferences and its goals in the international affairs

• So foreign policy is concerned with behaviour of a state with other states and is aimed at promoting and protecting national interests.

http://blogs.thenews.com.pk/blogs/2013/03/national-interest-or-personal-interest/

Jinnah on Pakistan Foreign Policy

• Quaid-i-Azam on Foreign Policy (1948).

‘Our Foreign Policy is one of friendliness and good-will towards all the nations of the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. We believe in the policy of honesty and fair play in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world. Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed peoples of the world and in upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter’.

http://mintopark.com/2011/10/28/jinnah-gandhi-congress/

Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy

1. Protection of Freedom and Sovereignty• Sacrifices of million of Muslims for freedom• Now the need for preservation of its independence and territorial

integrity• Every effort will be made to preserve freedom• independence in internal affairs and self-rule and no dictation• Support democracy and the welfare of all people

blogs.thenews.com.pk/blogs/2013/03/national-interest-or-personal-interest

Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy cont.2. Cordial Relations with Muslim Countries• Ideological state on the name of Islam• So friendly relations with Muslim countries esp. Arabs• Showed concern against Israel, India and U.S.S.R aggression

against Palestine, Kashmir and Afghanistan respectively.• Struggle for safeguarding the rights of the Muslims and finding

solution to their problem• also an active member of the OIC and cooperate with muslim

countries

Pakistan and Muslim World

http://www.islam44.net/2010/04/5-most-powerful-muslim-countries.html

Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy cont.3. Non-Interference in Internal Affairs of Other Countries• Does not want interference in its internal matters• Also does not interfere in the internal affairs of other state• Respect their sovereignty and their right to self rule

4. Implementation of U.N Charter• Active member of UN since its birth• Fully committed to UN charter and extended its full support as

Jinnah’s commitment• Always followed UN resolution and helped UN in all its efforts,

peace missions and social works

Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy cont.5. Promotion of World Peace• Pakistan is a peace loving country• Has no aggressive designs against any country• Also does not like war and aggression • Stresses peaceful means for resolving conflicts than coercive

measures• Is helping UN since 1960 by sending its armed forces to different

warring countries for making peace, preventing human rights violation, providing health care and medical facilities, building roads and infrastructure, conducting fair and free election, providing logistics etc.

• has contributed in more than 41 UN Missions spread over 23 countries e.g. Congo, Bosnia, Cambodia, East Timor, Haiti, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Sudan, Kosovo etc.

Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy cont.6. Non-Alignment• Does not aligned itself with communistic or capitalistic block• Remained neutral in their conflicts• However, Pakistan joined NAM in 1979• Showed tilt towards US after independence because of security

reasons and joined SEATO and CENTO• Then quit both SEATO and CENTO (1972 and 1979)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement

Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy cont.7. Support for Self-Determination• Pakistan itself was a British colony and got freedom in 1947• Also support those who are struggling for their right of self rule

and independence• Raised the issue of Kashmir and people suffering and support

their right for self-determination• Also supports the rights of Palestine and their cause

http://www.saach.tv/2014/10/27/thousands-attend-london-rally-for-kashmir/

Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy cont.8. Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament• Pakistan is a peace loving country• Does not like arms race and nuclear non proliferation• Favour and support disarmament efforts• However, due to a belligerent neighbor India, it was dragged into

arms race for its security• After acquiring nuclear capability, Pakistan supports a minimum

amount of deterrence level for its own security • Pakistan is also against nuclear proliferation and maintains a

strict command and control system so that the nuclear technology and expertise is not transferred to other non-nuclear states

Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy cont.9. Member of International Organization• For promoting international peace, regional cooperation and

economic stability, Pakistan has acquired the member of different international organizations

• Also contributing to these organizations in different field• E.g. the British Commonwealth, UN, SEATO, CENTO, NAM,

OIC, ECO, SAARC,

Summary

• Foreign Policy: the systematic plan, intention, aspiration, and ideals of any country on how to deal with its neighbours

• Guiding Principles of Pakistan Foreign Policy: Freedom and Sovereignty, Muslim Countries, U.N Charter, World Peace, Non-Alignment, Self-Determination, Disarmament