REVIEW ON POWER LINE MONITORING USING SMART · PDF fileThe existing system used AT89C52 microcontroller for monitoring power line ... Power theft identification using ... Monitoring

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REVIEW ON POWER LINE MONITORING USING SMART GRID

TECHNOLOGY

Mr.Sachin Vitthal Ingle1,Prof. D. L. Gadhe

2, Miss.Ayushi Metkar

3 and Pravin shinde

4

1M.E. (Embedded system), Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, MIT, Aurangabad,

Maharashtra, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, MIT, Aurangabad,

Maharashtra, India 3,4STC, SPRT KHAMGAON , MAHARASHTRA INDIA

Abstract-This paper gives idea about wireless sensor network and its use in the Smart Grid technology. The aim of smart grid is to offer a real-time monitoring, controlling, improving the power quality and

overall efficiency of the entire system also extend the life of component used in system. Smart grid is

nothing but the mixing of electrical network and communication infrastructure. Smart grid system is

used to measure the value of potential difference between two point of power line, current flowing

through power line, and temperature of a power line in distribution and transmission side. A Smart grid

is a smart digital energy system providing electrical network that transporting the required amount of

power. The digital technology that allows for bidirectional data transfer between the utility and its

customers, and the sensing along the transmission lines is what makes the grid smart. This paper

discusses some of the new wireless communications technology and advance development in the areas

of smart grid with identification of online theft that prevails on distribution line. It presents the details on

the designing architecture, sensors, integration, communication technology and different design aspects

of the power supervision, wide operating range and consistency. This system is a powerful for

evaluating a different power line parameters and minimizing a power loss are taking using PIC

controller, smart sensor and recent developed in various communication technology.

Keywords- smart grid, WSN ,PIC controller,Zig-bee.

I. INTRODUCTION

The rapidly growing electricity demand day by day, together with the difficult, energetic and

circulated electricity supplies, have caused serious power grid blockage issues in the future smart grid.

Grid consists of the complete electrical network or a local electrical network or a sub network such as a

local utility's transmission grid or distribution grid. To overcome all the problems a new idea of next

generation electric power system, a smart grid, has emerged.

The smart grid is a modern mixing or integration of electric power-grid infrastructure and

modern communication technologies which for improved efficiency, reliability, and safety with smooth

integration of renewable and different energy sources, through automated control. Traditional smart grid

has few user options, manually recovery, uses a small number of sensor, manually monitoring, analog

electric machinery are uses for measurement power line parameters, simplex communication, and main

disadvantages of traditional grid is a more electricity loss and cannot identified power theft .Hence, there

is an urgent requirement of a cost-effective wireless monitoring and diagnostic systems that improve

system reliability and efficiency. So by using smart grid you can easily overcome all problems. Table 1: Comparison of traditional and smart grid

Sr.No. Parameter Traditional Grid Smart Grid

1 Machinery used Analog digital

2 Communication Types Simplex Duplex

3 Monitoring Manually Automatic

4 Sensors used Less number More (smart sensor)

Volume: 02 Issue: 02 February – 2017 (IJRIER)

Available Online at : www.ijrier.com Page 26

5 Power loss Maximum Minimum

6 User option Few users More user

7 Theft detection Not Possible Possible

The proposed system used a Zig-bee communication module for sending measured data of

current and voltage to server module and stores it in computer for future use. Bluetooth is used for

controlling electric home appliances. Bluetooth has low coverage area up to 10m. Bluetooth is superior

option for short distance controlling than Zig-bee. However, for long distance controlling is not easy to

achieve via Bluetooth. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming a universal technology resulting

from the development of low cost and low power wireless technology. A GSM modem is a wireless

modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The

main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone

line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. WSNs are a group of

spatially distributed sensing nodes with low maintenance requirements, which can automatically monitor

environmental parameters and cooperatively transfer the data through a gateway to a main database

using wireless networking.

The existing system used AT89C52 microcontroller for monitoring power line parameters and

power theft.

II. REVIEW ON EXISTING SYSTEM

As from the study existing system are implemented by using different communication techniques

and based upon numerous platforms too. Table 2: Summery of existing Smart grid technology

Refe

renc

e no.

Paper Title Communication

Technology

Processor

used/System

Sensor Outcomes

[1] Monitoring of

transmission line

parameters using

wireless networks

in smart grid

Cellular network,

Optical Fiber,

Wireless.

Data

preprocessor

wireless

sensor

The analysis show that a

transmission line monitoring

framework using WSN is

indeed feasible using

accessible technologies &

system is more reliable,

secure.

[2] A Novel Wireless

Multifunctional

Electronic

Current

Transformer based

on ZigBee-based

Communication

Zig-bee

Technology

Sensing signal

processing

system

Hall Sensor The proposed method of

Zig-Bee-based

communication, when the

measured current is

detected as being in the

small or medium current

range, the RMS value per

current cycle is transmitted

to a back-end

Monitoring system to

accomplish real-time

monitoring.



[3] Wireless Smart

Grid Design for

Monitoring and

Optimizing

Electric

Transmission in

India

NIL Smart

Controlling

Station,

Wireless

sensors.

proposed system

provides the solution for

some of the main problems

faced by the existing Indian

grid system, such as

wastage of energy, power

theft, manual billing system,

and transmission line fault

[4] Real time

monitoring of

power line using

smart sensor

Zig-bee

Technology

PIC Stick on

sensor

Monitor the various grid

parameters.

[5] Power theft

identification

using smart grid

technology

Infra-red & Photo

detector

Technology

AT89C51 opt coupler

slot sensor

determine illegal power

theft via distribution line

[6] Power grid

monitoring &

control using

GSM

GSM Technology Arduino Voltage,

current,

temperature

sensor

continuously monitor the

load conditions of the Smart

grid

[7] Monitoring

network for smart

grid using smart

phone

Bluetooth & UART

serial

communication

protocol, Internet

PIC10F4520 temperature

sensors

Secure access gateway

(SAG) for home area

network

[8] Wireless

embedded system

for power line

monitoring

Zig bee PIC18F4550 LA 55-P

(Current

Transducer)

wireless embedded system

to monitor the RMS current

on an electric power line

[9] Power line

monitoring using

smart grid based

on communication

protocol & smear

sensor

Zig Bee – S1/S2

Series module

PIC18F4520 Smart sensor

for current

& voltage

the predetermination of

certain increase of current,

voltage, gas or temperature

the damage in the grid will

be avoided

[10] Monitoring and

Wireless

Controlling of

Power Generation

by LabView

Coaxial cable,

UTA Cable.

ATmega328 Temperature

sensor for

power

generation

type VDO

Monitoring and wireless

control of power generation

can improve interoperability

efficiency and safety (by

enabling the right the

worker to be at the right

place at the right time)



[11]

Design And

Implementation

Of Electrical

Distribution Line

Monitoring And

Controlling

Using Wireless

Network

GSM,RF Module Atmega16

microcontroll

er

Sensor,

Relay

Developing system for

control and monitor the line

position at any area using

the concept of electrical

distribution line. So the

proposed

system is designed to have

emergency alert system for

remote user with the help of

a GSM modem will be

connected to the central

server which will send the

emergency alert SMS to

administrator and user

[12] Review Paper on

Electrical

Distribution Line

Monitoring

RF,GSM, IOT NIL IOT a novel approach for

controlling and

monitoring the electrical

distribution line by using

IOT

The above research literature studied so far shows that effectiveness use of wireless sensor

network in smart grid technology for real time monitoring of power line parameters. However, the

research paper has proposed various schemes to wireless communication system using WSN except IOT

also Detection and location of faults on power transmission line is essential to the protection and

maintenance of a power system. At present system there is no monitoring system implemented in order

to find out the power line Parameters & theft identification by using a PIC microcontroller. To overcome

these problems in regional areas proposed system is designed to monitor and control the electric

transmission line using WSN with PIC microcontroller.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The electricity theft is increasing a day by day in ruler and urban area for agriculture, domestic

and industrial use. So power industries suffering a huge economical loss, consistency and security. In

India during the transmission and distribution of electricity extremely high losses occurred in between

35 to 47%. A smart grid includes a smart real time monitoring system using Zig bee communication

protocol & PIC microcontroller that keeps track of all electricity flowing through power line.

Fig. 1. Overall system



. Fig. 2. System setup at pole Unit

Fig. 3. System Setup at Consumer Site

IV. WORKING PRINCIPLE

Proposed system designed considering two conditions as follows:

Condition I- When real load is more than sanctioned load distribution system recognize that power is

theft or overload exists.

Condition II- When used load is not as much of sanctioned load and at that time if power is theft then it

is not easy to distribution system to identified power theft. Hence here system is implemented which

find out power theft in sanctioned equal load and overload condition.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

CONDITION 1: When there is no theft, Energy consumed at home side should be equal to energy

supply from the pole end. Since both the energies value is equal there no theft is recognized and the

buzzer dose not beeps. Under this condition the normal operation can be observed and it continues until

there is theft at resident or line.

CONDITION 2: When there is consumption at resident and theft is online, that is the power is being

theft from the transmission line, the buzzer beeps indicating theft. In this condition power sent gradually

increases as the theft power increases. After receiving the consumed unit at the home the pole side

controller starts its working out. As the send units are more than the units consumed the difference

between the two units is the theft power. After noticing the difference the relay is actuated which turns

on the buzzer. Hence theft can identify.

CONDITION 3: When there is no use of energies at the home side and theft is online at that time the

home side consumption notify will be zero units, but send unit will be positive because of the online

theft this difference will start the relay and buzzer to indicate theft. Besides the above three mentioned

reasons, if there is a theft at the resident by tampering the meters and employing techniques which



counts less readings, such prohibited activities can also detected easily. At present 10 or there about

connections are provided from a single distribution pole and every distribution pole has a typical code

provided by Distribution Company. For implementation of smart grid technology every residential

digital meter should be provided with code as an address. A small micro computer is to be installed at

every distribution pole. The micro computer keeps the track of the send and consumed units of each and

every house. As here using MAX232 for communication, PIC is able to record and compute the

consumptions of many meters at a time. Hence it is succeeds in keeping the track of units sent to and

consumed by every house. If the number of connections increased from a pole then replace MAX232 by

MAX245 for greater speed and accuracy. Whenever theft is identified relay is actuated. Here used GSM

model for communication purpose. Through GSM technology the distribution code is sent to substation.

The operator can immediately attend the pole and through the micro-computer one can get meter code

from where the power has been theft. Doing so the theft can immediately stopped and person

responsible for theft can be caught for guilty.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

The proposed system can determine against the law power theft via distribution line. In financial

year 20014-15 about 45000 corer losses occur due to power theft. Results proved that if smart grid

system is used illegal power theft might be detected. Once this proposed detection systems are tried in

real power lines, the supply losses in India can be reduced effectively.

In future work, the cost of real time monitoring system for power transmission line needs to be

minimized and the consistency of our system also needs to be improved by using IOT concept.

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REVIEW ON POWER LINE MONITORING USING SMART · PDF fileThe existing system used AT89C52 microcontroller for monitoring power line ... Power theft identification using ... Monitoring