12

Using MLA format for in-text citations of direct quotes and paraphrases as well as formatting a correct works cited pageThis handout, along with the pink MLA Guide and pink MLA Sample Student Essay handouts from the Learning Commons (access via the link on Blackboard or go to the second floor of the library and get one in hard copy) will tell you everything you need to know about MLA format for this class. Strategies for Integrating QuotationsGeneral Guidelines for ALL Writing Projects: Quotes cannot stand alone as their own sentences; you must give the quote a specific analytical context. Use an identifying tag to introduce the quote and give readers a context for the quote that explains why you are taking the time to include it in your paper. An identifying tag must always been in present tense. (list of identifying tags follows).

In an in-text parenthetical citation (Jones 42), include the authors/artists last name and the page number/line number (for songs and poetry) at the end of a quote or paraphrase in parentheses.

If you use the authors/artists last name to introduce the quote, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Use [brackets] to clarify areas where there may be confusion: He [Hamlet] does not know if he can trust his mother (Washington 19).

Use an ellipsis (. . .) to eliminate unnecessary words from a quotation: He [Hamlet] does not know if he can trust his mother . . . or his father (Washington 19). Unnecessary words may be eliminated from the beginning, middle, or end of a line or sentence.

Identifying tagsadmits agrees argues asserts believes claims compares confirms contends declares deniesemphasizes insists notes observes points out reasons refutes rejects reportsresponds replies suggests thinks writes In _____'s words According to ____'s (notes, study, narrative, novel, etc.)

Templates to Use for Introducing Direct QuotesX states that _____________________ (12).As author X explains, ___________________ (12).In his song, _________, X maintains that ___________________ (12)._________ complicates the matter further when X describes the final result (12). There are ______________________________ in Xs view (12).Arguing against contemporary opinion, X proposes that _______________ (12).You can also build your own signal phrases by mixing these three basic styles with verbs that describe your source's attitude towards the subject of the quote. Writing Project #1Song Review (Music)For this essay, you will use one sourcethe song you choose. You are required to use at least two direct quotes in your essay. You will have a Works Cited sheet with one item on it (the song).

Using direct quotes for WP #1: When we use songs as sources, we use the artists last name and line number(s) in the parenthetical citation to show readers where the quote came from. Anytime you write the title of a song, put quote marks around it.

Example: Trench Town Rock by Bob Marley First time a direct quote from the source is used in the essay:The song Trench Town Rock by Bob Marley, conveys a sense of protection in the lines give the slum a try /never let the children cry (10-11).Comment by tech: Source Introduction: song title and full name of the artist. Must do this before any quoted material appears in the essayComment by tech: Verb is in present tenseComment by tech: Use ellipses to show that some material has been cut from the original source Comment by tech: Use a slash mark to show line breaksComment by tech: Parentheses with the line numbers, period goes AFTER the parentheses. We dont need to repeat Marley in the parentheses because his name is mentioned in the sentence itself

Second use of a direct quote from this source in the essay:The line One good thing about music, when it hits you feel no pain expresses an idea of escapism (Marley 1).Comment by tech: Verb in present tenseComment by tech: Marleys name appears here because it Is not in the sentence. 1 is the line number for the quoted material. Because this is the second use of this source we dont need to repeat the title of the song or the name of the author/artist in the sentence.

Third and subsequent uses of direct quotes from this source:Whether a person is a big fish or sprat, the speaker reminds listeners that he or she is responsible for his or her own actions when he asserts you reap what you sow (Marley 6-7).Comment by tech: you is OK here, because its part of the quoted materialComment by tech: Dont need to repeat Marleys name here because it is in the sentenceThe ultimate accountability, according to the song, will be when one must tell Jah Jah about his or her actions (Marley 12).Comment by tech: Get into the habit of slicing and dicing quoted materialoften times the more you chop it up the smoother the sentence will be. Comment by tech: Need Marleys name here because its not in the sentence, 12 is the line number of the quoted lyricKingston 12 refers to the particular area of Trench Town where Marley grew up (13). Comment by tech: Quoted material can appear anywhere in a sentence, here it begins the sentenceDont turn your back suggests a sense of pride for Kingston 12 (Marley 9- 13).Comment by tech: Quoted material can also be sandwiched, with original word in the middleComment by tech: There is never a period hereComment by tech: The period always goes AFTER the parentheses

Works Cited Sheet for WP #1:Using the Pink MLA Guide handoutyou have a link to it on Blackboard or you can get a hard copy from the Learning Commonsfollow the 2nd Norah Jones example under Sound Recording on page 9. Well also go over this in class together.

Writing Project #2- Summary and Response (TV)For this essay you are required to use two sourcesone of the TV episodes listed in WP #2 Info as well as one (or more) of the articles from our text book that youll read for homework during the TV unit. You are required to use at least 2 direct quotes and 2 paraphrases for WP #2. You will have a works cited sheet with at least two items: one of the TV shows and one article. You may use more than one article if you like.direct quote = words taken directly from another source. Must give credit to the original authorparaphrase = an idea taken from another source, expressed in your own words. Must give credit to the original author. Using direct quotes for WP #2: When we use television shows as sources, we use just the title of the show in the parenthetical citation to show readers where the quote came from. When we use articles, we use the author of the article and the page number in the parenthetical citation to show where the quote came from. Anytime you write the title of a TV show, italicize it. Anytime you write the title of a TV episode, put quote marks around it.Ex: Beavis and Butt-Head -- the TV show title Christian Rock Hard the episode titleThe Pop Culture Zonethe book title Beavis and Butthead: No Future for Postmodern Youth article titleRemember: big things get italics, small things get quote marks Direct quote examples from the article Beavis and Butthead: No Future for Postmodern Youth:

First use of the source in the essay:According to Douglas Kellners article Beavis and Butthead: No Future for Postmodern Youth, Beavis and Butthead represent a young underclass without a lot of advantages or possibilities (690). Comment by tech: Source introduction at the first use: full title of article and authors full nameComment by tech: Page number where the quote came from in parentheses, period AFTER the parentheses. Dont need the authors name, its in the sentence Second use of the source in the essay:Kellner attributes one aspect of the popularity of Beavis and Butt-Head as demonstrating fantasy wish-fulfillment through the characters interactions with authority figures and adults of all kinds (687). Kellners point is that sometimes we all want to rebel against authority, without regard to consequences or societal norms, and perhaps more so during our teenage years. Perhaps we can see a bit of ourselves in the characters of Beavis and Butt-Head from time to time.Comment by Owner: The name of the show is being stated here, so it gets italicsComment by tech: Again, dont need authors name here because its in the sentenceComment by tech: Make sure to unpack your quoted materialmeaning dont just toss in a few quoted words or phrases from your author and then not take some time to explain what they mean.Comment by Owner: here the sentence refers to the characters themselves and not the title of the show, so no italics are used.

Third and subsequent uses of direct quotes from this source:Beavis and Butt-Head constantly make fun of television, especially music videos which is a unique aspect of the self-referential, media-centric postmodern era (Kellner 688).Comment by Owner: The two characters names are not italicized here because it refers to the characters themselves, not the title of the showComment by tech: Need Kellners name here, because it is not in the sentenceBeavis and Butt-Head appear to have no family, though their mothers are referenced sporadically, they seem to be living in a world without fathers (Kellner 687).Comment by tech: Sandwich style quote. A paraphrase or your own words are between two quotes phrases

Indirect Quote (quote within a quote):Comment by tech: Use this format when the author of the article you are reading quotes another author or sourceAccording to a 1993 issue of The Dallas Morning News, Beavis and Butt-Head portrays characters who are Stupid, lazy, [and] cruel (qtd. in Kellner 686).Comment by Owner: Here the title of the show is italicized because the sentence is talking about the show in general, not the specific characters.Comment by tech: Use qtd. instands for quoted in, then put the author of the article you are reading and the page number as usual

Direct quote examples from the South Park episode Christian Rock Hard:The show paints a humorous and ironic picture of illegally downloaded music by using celebrities to illustrate the consequences. Because of music piracy the rapper, Master P., will not be able to buy his son a private island in French Polynesia which is, of course, is all hes ever wanted (South Park). The South Park characters look on ashamed as they witness similar mock-tragedies of various recording artists, which brings a complex perspective to the issue. Because TV shows dont have page numbers, we just put the title of the show in our parenthetical citations following direct quotes.

Paraphrase Examples from Beavis and Butthead: No Future for Postmodern Youth ways to avoid plagiarismOriginal sentence from page 687: Beavis and Butt-Head is interesting for a diagnostic critique because the main characters get all of their ideas and images concerning life from the media and their entire view of history and the world is entirely derived from media culture.Plagiarism: Kellner describes how the show Beavis and Butt-head is fascinating as an investigative review since the lead antagonists receive their thoughts and depictions about life through broadcasting of various kinds and their perspective of the past and the entire planet is completely derived from broadcasting of popular culture (687). You must do more than just change around a few synonyms! Dont copy the syntax (structure or rhythm) of the sentence, make it entirely new. Paraphrases are shorter than the original.Correct: Because Beavis and Butt-Head are exclusively reliant on popular culture and broadcast media, the show is unique and worth investigating, according to Kellner (687).

Style:When beginning to incorporate research into writing, sometimes students adopt the drop approach, but this is incorrect. See below:Incorrect:Kellner describes what critics of Beavis and Butt-head often say. The show depicts the dissolution of a rational subject and perhaps the end of the Enlightenment in todays media culture (686). The above is incorrect because the direct quote is all alone as its own sentence. Quoted materiel can NEVER stand alone as its own sentence. The more you slice and dice quoted material the smoother your sentences containing quoted materiel will be.Correct: Kellner describes Beavis and Butt-Head as lacking a rational subject and thus may signal the end of Enlightenment in todays media culture (686). The above is correct because the structure of the sentence is original, with distinct and unique phrases in quote marks.if you take the time to quote something make sure it is unique and distinctive.

When you paraphrase or summarize your TV episode, simply signal to your reader what is coming; make it clear when you are paraphrasing and make it clear when you are offering your own response. Remember what you say in your summary section should be neutral, without opinion. The response section is the place for opinion.

In South Parks Christian Rock Hard some of the characters learn about music piracy using references to celebrities. No opinion expressed here, just a neutral description, this would belong in the summary section of WP #2

The Christian Rock Hard episode is effective because it makes viewers question the real impact of music piracy with humor. Calling the episode effective and humorous convey opinions, so this would belong in the response section of WP #2

Works Cited Page for WP #2For WP #2, youll have two items on your works cited page (one article and one TV episode). For the article, use the examples on page 7 of the pink MLA guide. Well go over this in detail together in class. For the TV show, use the example on page 11 under the heading Video Streamed from the Web. Again, well go over this in detail together in class.

Video Streamed from the Web (adapted from page 11 of the pink MLA Guide)Template: Episode title Show Title. Original air date. Format. Access Date.Example: Christian Rock Hard. South Park. 29 Oct. 2003. Web. 18 September 2012. An Excerpted ArticleUse this for Kellner

Template: Author last name, Author first name. Article Title. Title of the textbook/anthology where its published. Editors of the textbook/anthology. Publication city: Publisher, year published. Pages the article appears on in the textbook/anthology. Format. Excerpt from Title of what the article was excerpted from. Title of where it was originally published (year of original publication): pages of original article.

Example: Spiegel, Lynn. Osama Bin Laden Meets the South Park Kids. The Pop Culture Zone: Writing Critically about Popular Culture. Allison D. Smith, Trixie G. Smith, and Stacia Rigney Watkins. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 704-14. Print. Excerpt from Entertainment Wars: Television Culture After 9/11. American Quarterly (2004): 235-70. Entire Reprinted SelectionUse this for Pinsky and Peacocke (scroll down for more on Peacocke)

Template: Authors last name, Authors first name. Title of article. Title of the textbook/anthology where its published. Ed. Names of editors of the textbook/anthology. Edition of text book. Publication city: Publisher, year. Page numbers. Format.Example:Dunbar, Paul Laurence. Sympathy. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 2004. 922. Print.Here is a list of raw materials to be used for the Peacocke article, since we just have it as a handout. This list of info must be arranged in the above template, it is not correct as it is."Family Guy and Freud: Jokes and their relation to the unconscious" Pages-- 257-267Fromat-- Print Antonia Peacocke -- authors nameNew Yorkpublication cityThey Say I Say title of textbook/anthology where it was publishedEditors Gerald Greff, Cathy Berkenstein, Russel Durst. Publisher-- W.W. Norton and CompanyYear published2009Editionfirst (dont need to include info about the edition, it is assumed its the first edition unless otherwise stated, same goes for our text book)

Writing Project #3Writing About FilmFor this essay you will use a minimum of three sources: the movie Mickey Mouse Monopoly + two articles that you find on TCC librarys online journal database. You may use more articles if you like. You may also use the Disneys Dolls article from the textbook but it must be in addition to the two articles from the database. You are required to use at least 3 direct quotes and 3 paraphrases for WP #3. PDF vs. HTML versions of articles:If you use a PDF version of an article, you will use original page numbers (your print out will look like a page of a magazine). If you use an HTML version (it will have no layout, just plain-Jane typed paragraphs) you will not have original page numbers, so you will number your paragraphs instead. In your citations you will use (para. 3) to mean paragraph 3.

The examples below refer to the HTML version of an article calledDisney After Disney by Andrew Osmond. It can be found on Academic Search Complete Direct quote with source introduction, the first time this source has been used.According to Andrew Osmonds article, Disney After Disney, none of this century's films from Disney, the studio that defined animated features, won the Best Animated Feature Oscar (para. 4). Comment by Owner: Source introduction = title of article + authors full name. Use para. 4 to mean paragraph 4. When you use HTML versions of articles you dont have page numbers so you do tis instead. Direct quotelater in the essay source has already been introducedThe statement Disney, the studio whose name was once synonymous with animation, has lost its edge paints a clear picture of Disneys recent lack of success (Osmond para. 1).Comment by tech: Need the authors name here, because its not in the sentence itself.

Paraphrase examplesComment by Owner: Paraphrases are ideas borrowed from Osmond (or any other author), expressed in an original way.

Here is a sentence from paragraph 11 of Osmonds article: We think of the Disney fairytale being revived by The Little Mermaid (1989), but a racier contender was Touchstone's debut, the live-action Splash (1984), which had the biggest opening in Disney's history, up to that point.

Incorrect paraphrase (its plagiarized!):We often consider Disney story telling as being revitalized by The Little Mermaid (1989), but a sexier candidate was Touchstones first film the non-animated Splash (1984), which had the most successful Disney debut on record at that time (Osmond para. 10). Remember, you have to do more than just change around a few wordsthe structure or syntax of the sentence is copied much too closely.

Correct Paraphrase:Touchstone films released Splash in 1984 which surprisingly fared better than 1989s The Little Mermaidthe film usually credited with Disneys movie comeback (Osmond para. 10).Comment by tech: Paraphrases need citations too! Still need to give your author credit for the idea, even though it is expressed in your own words.

Works Cited Page for WP #3For this essay you will have a minimum of three sources on your works cited page: Mickey Mouse Monopoly + two articles that you find on TCC librarys online journal database. None of your articles will come from the internet at large, you must only use TCC librarys online journal database.

Reminders: Start a new page for the Works Cited page Center the words Works Cited at the top of the page Make sure the text is in 12 pt. Times New Roman font. Arrange all of your sources in ABC order on your Works Cited PageFor the articles: Use the examples on pages 12-16 of the Pink MLA Guide from the Library. The basic format on page 13 is your template, the examples that follow are specific to various databases.

Journal: Basic Format

Authors Last Name, First Name. Title of Article. Journal Title volume number.issue number (year): page number range of entire article. Database name. Web. Date accessed.

Miller, Kathleen E. "Wired: Energy Drinks, Jock Identity, Masculine Norms, and Risk Taking." Journal of American College Health 56.5 (2008): 481-90. Academic Search Complete. Web. 29 Jan. 2010.

For the movie: Use The Godfather example on page 9 of the Pink MLA Guide from the Library. but exclude the second date (2004). Just give the distributor and original release date (1972). Use the link to the movie on Blackboard to locate the info you need like the director, distributor, year, etc. Film: Basic FormatMovie Title. Dir. Directors first and last name. year released. Distributor, Format.The Godfather. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. 1972. Paramount, DVD.