Revolutions in Revolutions in RussiaRussia

by Julia Ryoo & Lauren Leeby Julia Ryoo & Lauren Lee

Overview of the revolutionOverview of the revolution 1917, The explosion broke out in Russia and lasted for a century1917, The explosion broke out in Russia and lasted for a century Causes:Causes:1.1. anger over social inequalitiesanger over social inequalities2.2. cruel treatment for peasantscruel treatment for peasants3.3. the ruler’s unfair governingthe ruler’s unfair governing Reactions:Reactions:1.1. army officers revolted (1825)army officers revolted (1825)2.2. hundreds of peasants riotedhundreds of peasants rioted3.3. secret revolutionary groups formed and planted to overthrow the gosecret revolutionary groups formed and planted to overthrow the go

v. v. 4.4. student revolutionaries were angry at the slow pace of political chastudent revolutionaries were angry at the slow pace of political cha

ngesnges

ASSASSINATED czar, Alexander IIASSASSINATED czar, Alexander II

Alexander III Upholds the Alexander III Upholds the AutocracyAutocracy

Alexander stopped all reforms in RussiaAlexander stopped all reforms in Russia Like his grandfather, Nicholas I, he upholds Like his grandfather, Nicholas I, he upholds

autocracyautocracy Autocracy:Autocracy: government in which the ruler has government in which the ruler has

total powertotal power strengthened strengthened “Autocracy, Orthodoxy, “Autocracy, Orthodoxy,

Nationality”Nationality” anyone who questioned the absolute authority were anyone who questioned the absolute authority were

wiped outwiped out

Alexander’s harsh Alexander’s harsh measures & Unites Russiameasures & Unites Russia

1.1. Strict censorship codes on published materials and Strict censorship codes on published materials and written documentswritten documents

2.2. Secret police watched schools and universitiesSecret police watched schools and universities3.3. Made the teachers to send detailed reports on every Made the teachers to send detailed reports on every

studentstudent4.4. Political prisoners were exiled to SiberiaPolitical prisoners were exiled to Siberia

Oppressed other national groups in RussiaOppressed other national groups in Russia Made Russian the official languageMade Russian the official language Made Jews the target of persecutionMade Jews the target of persecution Pogroms:Pogroms: organized violence against Jews organized violence against Jews Police & soldiers watched Russian citizens to destroy Police & soldiers watched Russian citizens to destroy

JewsJews

Nicholas II Resists Nicholas II Resists ChangeChange

1894, the son of 1894, the son of

Alexander III, Nicholas II, Alexander III, Nicholas II,

also takes the tradition of also takes the tradition of

autocracyautocracy

Nicholas II- Economic Nicholas II- Economic Growth Growth Number of factories doubled (1863~ 1900)Number of factories doubled (1863~ 1900)

Russia’s industry was behind compare to the western Russia’s industry was behind compare to the western EuropeEurope

Sergey WitteSergey Witte took a role to move the country took a role to move the country forwardforward

1.1. higher taxeshigher taxes2.2. foreign investmentsforeign investments3.3. developed heavy industry,developed heavy industry, STEEL STEEL- one of the best - one of the best

steel producing countrysteel producing country4.4. Trans-Siberian Railway, Trans-Siberian Railway, world’s longest world’s longest

continuous rail line (1891)continuous rail line (1891)

Nicholas II- Revolutionary Nicholas II- Revolutionary Movement GrowsMovement Grows

grows of factories brought new problemsgrows of factories brought new problems1.1. harsh working conditionsharsh working conditions2.2. miserably low wagesmiserably low wages3.3. child laborchild labor4.4. gap between rich and poor was enormousgap between rich and poor was enormous

the revolutionaries, the working class, believed the revolutionaries, the working class, believed in the views of in the views of Karl MarxKarl Marx

““a dictatorship of the proletariat”a dictatorship of the proletariat” and the and the workers would ruleworkers would rule

Two different revolutionaries grewTwo different revolutionaries grew Mensheviks- large group, broad base of popular supportMensheviks- large group, broad base of popular support Bolsheviks- small group, willing to sacrifice everything Bolsheviks- small group, willing to sacrifice everything

for radical changefor radical change - - LeninLenin the major leaderthe major leader

Bolsheviks MembersBolsheviks Members

Crises at Home and Crises at Home and AbroadAbroad between 1904~ 1917, Russia faced a series of between 1904~ 1917, Russia faced a series of

crisescrises

1.1. The Russo-Japanese WarThe Russo-Japanese War

2.2. Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1950Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1950

3.3. WWIWWI showed the czar’s weakness and led to the showed the czar’s weakness and led to the

revolutionrevolution

The Russo-Japanese WarThe Russo-Japanese War during late 1800s, Russia and Japan both wanted during late 1800s, Russia and Japan both wanted

to take over Korea & Manchuriato take over Korea & Manchuria they both signed not to take over either of the they both signed not to take over either of the

countries, but Russia broke itcountries, but Russia broke it Japan attacked the Russians at Port Arthur, Japan attacked the Russians at Port Arthur,

Manchuria, in Feb. 1904Manchuria, in Feb. 1904 Japan wonJapan won

Bloody Sunday: Revolution of Bloody Sunday: Revolution of 19501950

On Jan. 22, 1905, about 200,000 workers went to the czar’s On Jan. 22, 1905, about 200,000 workers went to the czar’s palace to ask for better working conditions, more personal freepalace to ask for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected national legislature. dom, and an elected national legislature.

The generals and police chiefs ordered the soldiers to fire on tThe generals and police chiefs ordered the soldiers to fire on the crowd. he crowd.

500~ 1000 UNARMED PEOPLE WRE KILLED = “Bloody Sunday”500~ 1000 UNARMED PEOPLE WRE KILLED = “Bloody Sunday” DumaDuma:: Russia’s first parliament was created Russia’s first parliament was created They wanted Russia to become a constitutional monarchy like They wanted Russia to become a constitutional monarchy like

Britain.Britain. Czar dissolved the Duma after 10 weeksCzar dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks

WWI & corrupted RussiaWWI & corrupted Russia Russia was unprepared to handle the military and econoRussia was unprepared to handle the military and econo

mic costs. mic costs. Total failure in WWI revealed the weaknesses of czarist rTotal failure in WWI revealed the weaknesses of czarist r

ule and military leadershipule and military leadership 1915, Nicholas moved and his wife, Czarina Alexandra, r1915, Nicholas moved and his wife, Czarina Alexandra, r

an the gov. an the gov. Fell under the influence of the mysterious Fell under the influence of the mysterious RasputinRasputin, self-, self-

described “holy man” and allowed him to make key politicdescribed “holy man” and allowed him to make key political decisions al decisions

1916, nobles murdered Rasputin 1916, nobles murdered Rasputin War was destroying Russia: soldiers ignored orders, food War was destroying Russia: soldiers ignored orders, food

and fuel supplies were lacking, prices were inflated, and tand fuel supplies were lacking, prices were inflated, and the ruler couldn’t handle these enormous problems. he ruler couldn’t handle these enormous problems.