Rhce Notes

I:\RHCE.doc; RAJA YASSER NAWAZ E-mail: [email protected] Page(s) 1 of 46

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 0.5

Lecture # 01 dated Oct 28, 2009

RHCE Paper

Time: 5:30 hrs

2:00 hrs Part I Troubleshooting & Maintenance Phase Marks 70%

1:00 hrs RHCT 4 Questions Must have to pass all 100% marks

1:00 hrs RHCE 3 Questions Must have to pass 2 70% marks

3:30 hrs Part II Installation & Configuration Phase Marks 80%

1:30 hrs RHCT 100% marks

2:00 hrs RHCE 30 Questions

70% marks

Course:

RH - 033

RH - 133

RH - 253

Book:

McGraw Hill RHCE v5, Michael Jang

Class Time: 6:30 PM

Monday, Tuesday & Wednesday


Lecture # 02 dated Nov 03, 2009

Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 0.5

System Requirement:

RAM: 256 MB

Processor: PIV

Disk Space: 10 GB

To delete partition:

1. Right-click on My Computer

2. Click Manage

3. Click Disk Management

4. Right-Click on D: drive (or any drive that you want to delete)

5. Click Delete Logical Drive…

Message: All data on this volume will be lost. Do you want to continue?

6. Click Yes

7. Close

Boot from CD-ROM:

1 Insert Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD into CD-ROM (RHEL_5.2 i386

2 Click Start

3 Click Shut Down…

4 Select Restart

5 Click OK

To Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5:

1. Type boot: linux text and Press Enter Button (To install or upgrade in text mode)

OR

boot: Press Enter Button (To install or upgrade in graphical mode)


2. Press OK (To begin testing the CD media before installation)


3. Press Test (To test the CD currently in the drive)

OR

Press Skip (To skip the media test and start the installation)

4. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, Click Next

What language would you like to us during the installation process?

5. Select English (English)

6. Click Next


Select the appropriate keyboard for the system.

7. Select U.S. English

8. Click Next


Installation Number

9. Click Skip entering Installation Number

10. Click Ok


If you're unable to locate the Installation Number, consult http://www.redhat.com/apps/support/in.html.

11. Click Skip


Installation requires partitioning of your hard drive. You can either choose to use this or create your won.

12. Select Create custom layout

13. Click Next


Partitioning hard drive

14. Click New


Add Partition

15. Mount Point: Select "/" slash (Root)

16. File System Type: Select ext3

17. Size (MB): Enter 7000 (7 GB)

18. Click OK

19. Click New (again)

20. Mount Point: Select /boot

21. File System Type: Select ext3

22. Size (MB): Enter 100

23. Click OK



25. File System Type: Select swap

26. Size (MB): Enter 1024 (double of RAM size)

27. Click OK



29. Mount Point: Type /data

30. File System Type: Select vfat

31. Size (MB): Enter 2110 (all free space available)

32. Click OK


33. Click Next


34. Click The GRUB boot loader will be installed on /devsda

35. Click Next


36. Check Other

37. Click Edit button

38. Enter "Microsoft Windows XP"

39. Click OK

Time Zone: Please click into the map to choose a region or:

40. Select Asia/Karachi

41. Click Next

The root account is used for administering the system. Enter a password for the root user.

42. Enter Root Password: 123456 (password must be minimum 6 character long)

43. Confirm: 123456

44. Click Next


Custom Installation

45. Click Customize now

46. Click Next


47. Select Desktop Environments

48. Select GNOME Desktop Environment (31 out of 36 optional packages are installed. To install all the 36 options)

49. Click Optional packages button


Packages in GNOME Desktop Environment. Please choose the packages which you would like to have installed.

50. Check all uncheck options one by one

51. Click Close button ( now all the 36 packages are installed)


52. Check KDE (K Desktop Environment) (6 out of 7 optional packages are installed. To install all the 7 options):

53. Click Optional packages button


54. Check all uncheck options one by one

55. Click Close button


(Similarly select main categories from left panel and installed its optional packages that you want to install one by one.)

56. Click Next

To begin installation of Red hat Enterprise Linux Server:

57. Click Next


The software we have selected to install will require the following CDs:

a. Red hat Enterprise Linux Server 5 CD # 1

b. Red hat Enterprise Linux Server 5 CD # 2

c. Red hat Enterprise Linux Server 5 CD # 3

d. Red hat Enterprise Linux Server 5 CD # 4

e. Red hat Enterprise Linux Server 5 CD # 5

58. Click Continue button (Starting install process. This may take several minutes…)


Please insert Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server disc 2 to continue.


59. Insert disc 2 into CD-ROM

60. Click OK

Please insert Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server disc 3 o continue.


62. Click OK

Please insert Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server disc 4 continue.


64. Click OK


Please insert Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server disc 5 to continue.


66. Click OK



Congratulations, the installation is complete.

Remove any media used during the installation process and press the "Reboot" button to reboot your system.

67. Click Reboot button


Welcome

68. Click Forward button


License Agreement

69. Click Yes, I agree to the License Agreement



Firewall

71. Check options as you like



SELinux



Kdump


Date & Time

75. Set date & time, click Forward button

Set Up Software



Create User



Create User

78. Click Continue

Sound Card



Additional CDs

80. Click Finish


Login

81. Username: root

82. Press Enter button

83. Password: 123456


84. Press Enter button


There are two methods of installation: 1. GUI (for graphical installation)

2. Text (for text installation)

Installation Number: 1. Red Hat cluster Suite

2. Xen (like VMware)

Hard Disk Identification: IDE /dev/hda

/dev/hda - Primary Master

/dev/hdb - Secondary Slave

/dev/hdc - Secondary Master

/dev/hdd - Secondary Slave

SATA /dev/sda

Linux Partitions: "/" compulsory, everything is placed on slash partition.

/boot recommended, the most sensitive data store on /boot partition.

/boot = Boot Loader + Kernel

Linux boot loader file name is GRUB

Kernel name is Vmlinuz

/boot size 100 MB

Swap recommended, swap is not accessible by any system user. It is system accessible partition. Swap size is double of RAM (2 x RAM), Swap file system is swap

Partition Size for Software: 1 partition size 7 GB for all the software minimum 1 GB

1 partition for file system must be ext2, ext3 or ext4

To check size of RAM During Installation for Swap: Alt + F1, Alt + F2 – F6

# more /proc/meminfo

vfat for windows share



Yahoo Group: groups.yahoo.com/groups/rhcecorvit

Red Hat Website: www.redhat.com.in

Version of Red Hat: Latest version 5.4

Exam version 5.1

Logging in to a Linux System There are two types of login screens in Linux:

1. Virtual Consoles (text-based)

2. Graphical Logins (called display managers)

A typical Linux system will run six virtual consoles and one graphical console. Server systems often have only virtual consoles and Desktops and workstations typically have both.

To Run Text Terminal: Alt + Ctrl + F1 – F6

To Check User Logged: [root@server1~] # w

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-53-8.el5)

Kernel 2.6.18-53.el5

1. 2 Major segment (change if there is major change like text to graphical change)

2. 6 Minor segment (change in case of new hardware like USB)

3. 18-53 Patch No Revision No (change after removal of bugs, like Service Pack of MS Window)

4. el5 686 (32 bit)

To Check Kernel version: [root@server1 ~] # cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)

Terminal: [root@server1 ~] #

1. root User Name

2. server1 Computer Name


3. ~ Current working directory (Folder Name, it show we are in folder which contain all setting of a user)

4. # It shows that you are login with a most privilege user and you can destroy everything.

5. $ Limited user.

To Run Graphic Mode from Text: The default graphical login for Red Hat Enterprise Linux is gdm. The GNOME Display Manager (display manager is the technical term for a graphical login). By default, the display manager will start the GNOME desktop.

Ctrl + Alt + F7

Or

[root@server1 ~] # init s

GDM (GNOME display manager)

GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment, It is a GNU Product, the default desktop environment. It is specially designed for networking & contain more tools for networking)

KDE (K Desktop Environment, Red Hat product, it contain more tools for graphic)

To Open Terminal: 1. Right-Click on Desktop

2. Click Open Terminal

Or

1. Click Applications

2. Point-to Accessories

3. Click Terminal

To Check Date: [root@server1 ~] # date

Fri Nov 6 06:54:05 PKT 2009

To Check Calendar: [root@server1 ~] # cal

To Check Calendar of Aug 1947: [root@server1 ~] # cal 08 1947

To Clear Screen: [root@server1 ~] # clear


To Show Directories: To show directories ls command is used in linux. ls is like dir of MS DOS but only difference is ls show result in color i.e. folder in blue and text file in black.

[root@server1 ~] # ls

Note: there is no extension in Linux of system files.

File & Folder Colors: 1. Blue Folder

2. Green Executable or Commands

3. Black/White Text Files

4. Pink Link

5. Red Backup file, Compress file (Zip) & .rpm

To Check File: [root@server1 ~] # file /dev/loop2 (loop2 file name)

/dev/loop2: block special (7/2)

Listing Directory Contents with ls Lists the contents of the current directory or a specified directory.

Syntax: ls [options] [files_or_dirs]

ls (list directory contents)

ls –a (include hidden files)

ls –l (display extra information, file folder propriety)

ls –lh (list directory contents in human readable format)

ls –R (recurse through directories)

ls –id (directory and symlink information)

ls –t (for a time-based list)

ls –i (for inode numbers)

ls –ltr (display the most recently changed file last)

ls –al (include hidden files in list view)

Example:

To Show/List Directory Contents: ls without arguments lists the file and directory names in the current directory.

[root@server1 ~] # ls


To Show Hidden Files: ls –a includes hidden files and directories. All the files and directories start with leading "." (dot) are hidden.

[root@server1 ~] # ls –a

To Check File Propriety: Use ls –l for a more detailed "long" listing.

[root@server1 ~] # ls –l

-rw------- 1 root root 56464 May 31 05:28 install.log

1. rw Permission

2. root user

3. root group

4. 56464 size (56 K)

To Display File Propriety in Human Readable: [root@server1 ~] # ls –lh

-rw------- 1 root root 56K May 31 05:28 install.log

-rw------- 1 root root 809 May 31 05:29 anaconda-ks.cfg

To Show Contents of Sub-directories: ls –R recurses through subdirectories listing their contents too.

[root@server1 ~] # ls –R

To Show Directory and Symlink info: ls –id to show directory and symlink information.

[root@server1 ~] # ls –id

To Show Time-based List: ls –t for a time-based list.

[root@server1 ~] # ls –t

To Show Inode Numbes: ls –id to show inode number.

[root@server1 ~] # ls –i

To Show Most Recently Changed files: ls –ltr to display the most recently changed files last.

[root@server1 ~] # ls –id

To Show Hidden Files in List View:


ls –al to display proprietary of all files including hidden files in list view.

[root@server1 ~] # ls –al

The ls command has many other options. All options can be used in combination with other ls options.



Unit 3

Getting Help

The whatis Command The whatis command search the whatis database for complete words and display short description of a command.

[root@Localhost ~] # whatis ls

ls (1) - List directory contents

The --help Command

Displays usage summary and argument list

Used by most, but not all, commands

The --help command displays usage summary and argument list that describes the command's syntax and a list of the options it accepts and what they do. Few basic conventions of --help commands:

Anything in straight braces ( [ ] ) optional

Anything followed by . . . represents an arbitrary-length list of that thing

Multiple options separated by pipes ( | ) it means we can use any one of them

Text in straight brackets ( < > ) represents variable data

[root@Localhost ~] # ls --help

[root@Localhost ~] # ls –help | more

| more - Press Space bar for next page or enter/return key to display next line.

The man Command

Provides documentation for commands

Collectively referred to as the Linux Manual

Almost every command on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system has an associated man page, which provides more thorough documentation than the --help option. Man pages normally contain sections discussing the following aspects of a command's usage:

Its NAME and a short description of what it does

A SYNOPSIS of its usage, including available switches

A longer DESCRIPTION of the command's functionality


A switch-by-switch listing of its OPTIONS

Any FILES associated with this command

Any known BUGS in the command

EXAMPLES, showing how to use command

A SEE ALSO section for further reference

[root@Localhost ~] # man ls - Press Q to quit man pages.

The info Command

Similar to man, but often more in-depth

Run info without args to list all page

Info pages are often much more verbose and go into more detail then man sometimes they are just copies of the corresponding man page.

[root@Localhost ~] # info ls

Create File

The touch command The touch command is used to create file.

Syntax: mkdir [option] DIRECTORY…

[root@Localhost ~] # touch Pakistan

Create Folder

The mkdir command The mkdir command is used to create the directory / folder.

Syntax: touch [option] … FILE …

[root@Localhost ~] # mkdir ISB

Unit 3

Getting Help

Objectives


Upon completion of this unit, we should be able to:

Describe important element of the file system hierarchy

Linux File Hierarchy Concepts

Files and directories are organized into a single-rooted inverted-tree structure

Filesystem Basics

These Linux file hierarchy concepts will be expanded upon in the pages that follow:

Files and directories are organized into a single-rooted inverted-tree structure, including distinct physical volumes such as floppy disks, CD-ROMs and multiple hard drives.

The base of the inverted-tree hierarchy is known as root or / - the top of the file structure.

Documents

Rhce Notes