Upload
reynard-garrison
View
247
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
River Valley CivilizationsRiver Valley Civilizations
EgyptMesopotamia
EgyptEgypt
Favorable GeographyFavorable Geography
Benefits of NileRich soilWaterTransportation
Natural Boundaries
Egyptian HistoryEgyptian HistoryEarly gov’ts to control NileEventually combined:
Lower Egypt (north)Upper Egypt (south)
Old Kingdom 3,100-2,200 BCPyramids built as tombs
Egyptian HistoryEgyptian History
Middle Kingdom2,200-1,730 BCAge of NoblesCanal from Nile to Red SeaEnded by Hyksos with horses/chariots
Egyptian HistoryEgyptian History
New Kingdom1,570-1100 BCThe EmpireRamses IITutankhamen
Egyptian LifeEgyptian LifePharaoh=absolute monarchPrivileged aristocracy
Pharaoh & his familyNoblesPriests
Unprivileged massesPeasantsSlaves
Egyptian LifeEgyptian LifeEconomic activities
Depended chiefly on agriculture
GlassblowingImported timber and copper
Religious beliefsPolytheisticMummification
Egyptian ContributionsEgyptian Contributions Math
Surveyed land Art
Huge stone statuesCarved/painted various scenes
Architecture & engineeringPyramids and templesDams and irrigation canals
Egyptian ContributionsEgyptian ContributionsHieroglyphs on papyrus
HistoryScientific/Math knowledgeGovernment/Business records
ScienceSolar-year calendar (365 days)Prepared mummies Recognized/Treated diseases
MesopotamiaMesopotamia
Fertile CrescentFertile
CrescentDivided into:
EastTigris and Euphrates river valleys (Mesopotamia)
WestEastern Mediterranean coast
Influence of GeographyInfluence of Geography
Rivers/CoastlineSeaports/trade developed
Lack of stoneClay for construction & writing
Low, level plainsNo natural barriers to invasion
PeoplesPeoplesSumeriansBabyloniansHebrewsPhoeniciansLydians
HittitesAssyriansChaldeansPersians
SumeriansSumerians4,000BC-Independent city-states
ContributionsCuneiform on clay tabletsSystem of numbers based on 60Basis of time and rotation units
ArchitectureInvented archBuilt ziggurats
Babylonians
Babylonians
1750 BC led by HammurabiConquered other city-states
ContributionsCode of Hammurabi Astronomy
Led to astrology
HebrewsHebrews1400-1200 BC-moved from SE tip of Fertile Crescent to SWConquered by various Mesopotamian peoples
ContributionsMonotheismOld TestamentEmphasis on high moral principles
PhoeniciansPhoenicians1200-800 BC-north of Palestine
on Mediterranean coast Traded throughout MediterraneanEstablished coloniesSpecialized in purple (royal color)
ContributionsMissionaries of civilizationAlphabet
LydiansLydians
After 1000 BC lived in Asia Minor
ContributionCoinage of money
HittitesHittites
About 2000 BC appeared in northern Asia Minor (area rich in iron)
ContributionIron
AssyriansAssyrians After 800 BC built an empire
Learned about iron from Hittites Conquered Fertile Crescent/Egypt Terrorized enemies and subjects
Contributions Government
Divided empire into provincesBuilt military roads
Library Art
ChaldeansChaldeans612 BC overthrew AssyriansGained control of Fertile CrescentEstablished 2nd Babylonian Empire
ContributionsArchitecture
Nebuchadnezzar-Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Astronomy
PersiansPersians 6th century BC expanded from
Plateau of IranLargest empire yet seen
ContributionsGovernment
Provinces ruled by satrap Eyes and Ears of the King
Roads for military and tradeCoined money
Persians (cont’d.)Persians (cont’d.)Contributions
Spread of cultureTreated subject peoples humanely Adopted ideas and practices from their conquered peoples
Stimulated interchange among peoples
ReligionGood and evil
River Valley CivilizationsRiver Valley Civilizations
EgyptMesopotamia