Rizal Education

EDUCATIONOF DR. JOSE RIZALPRESENTOR’S VIEW POINTS

Rizal in Calamba, Laguna

Dona Teodora – Rizal’s mother as his first teacher.-He learned to pray and even read the bible

-At the age of 3, he already mastered the alphabet.-He enjoyed reading books, his mother as the reading teacher and critic – this shows that he is intellectually gifted.

Rizal in Calamba, Laguna continued..

Three uncles as other molders of Rizal…Gregorio Alonzo – he taught him to work hard, think for himself and to observe keenly; instilled on Rizal’s mind a great love for booksJose Alonzo – encourage Rizal to paint, sketch and sculptureManuel Alonzo – he develop the physique to have supple body of silk and steel

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

Rizal formal Schooling … Binan

Formal schooling at a Village School

Rizal left Calamba in order to study at BinanMaestro Justiniano Cruz – in-charge in that school and the teacher of his brother Paciano in his elementary days. Mr. Cruz ask Rizal if he knows how to speak Latin and Spanish – quite very scanty said Rizal.He was able to emerge the best in his class in Latin and Spanish and rest of the subjects.


Academic Instruction at the Village School..-Rizal against to his teacher and he doesn’t enjoy studying in Village School but he considered him expert in Latin and Spanish grammars.Corporal punishment – detested by Rizal to his mentor; barbarous instruction; torture chamber as a description in the Noli Me Tangere


While studying he also took painting lessons under the father-in-law of Maestro Cruz – Old Juancho and since Rizal has already an inclination in painting and drawing skills that he learned from his uncle in calamba-After one 1 ½ year studying in Village School, he returned to Calamba after recivieng the letter of her sister Saturnina on December 17, 1870.

SECONDARY EDUCATION

Rizal formal Schooling … Ateneo Municipal (1872-1877)

Formal Search for Knowledge at Ateneo Municipal…

June 10, 1872 – he took the entrance examination at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran; Paciano accompanied Rizal which covers – reading, arithmetic, and Catholic doctrines. Rizal passed the qualifiying examination and sought admission at Ateneo MunicipalFather Margin Fernando – College Registrar


Rizal was denied by the registrar for being late but because of the intervention of Manuel Xerez Burgos (nephew of Fr. Jose Burgos, the college registrar finally admitted young Jose.He used his last name Rizal in registration for the reason that his original surname had rung a bell to the ears of authorities due to Paciano’s association one of the leaders “secularization movement”, Father Burgos.


Atenean System of EducationBachiller en Artes (six-year program)

-compare to other colleges, Ateneo prided itself in offering the best secondary education for boys. To trained the character of the student through rigid discipline and religious instruction. They are required to hear messes before and after the class.


Atenean System of Education continued…

Two Empire Strategy of learning interaction:Romans – boarding studentsCathaginians – non-boarding studentsBoth empire had their ranks namely: Emperor – the best scholar; tribune, decurion, centurion, and standard bearer.These two empires competed as teams, the hoisting and lowering of their banner indicates victory and defeat.



Two Empire Strategy of learning Interaction continued…At the start, Rizal lagged behine and later become the Emperor, a title given to the brightest in the class.



Ratio Studiorum – method of instruction, a system of indoctrination under tight and constant discipline, with every incentive of compensation and reward. Essentially the aforementioned method combined memoryand understanding.


Atenean education at that time pursued one aim – Ad majorem Dei gloriam or For the greater glory of God. Ultimate task is to give lifelong to Catholics. Course centered to Philosophy of Man as a creature of God; Students are centered on the chapel, with membership in religious confraternities – as the highest level of extra-curricular activities.


He spent his noon recess in taking private lessons in Spanish at the Sta. Isabel College.

By this time he won first prize in a contest for religious picture.

Important dates June 10, 1872 – Rizal takes

at the San Juan de letran the entance examination for the Secondary course at the Ateneo

June 26, 1872 – Rizal attends for his fist time classes in the Ateneo as a day scholar (externo)

Important dates March 1874 –

Rizal went to Calamba to Spent his summer vacation

June 16, 1875 – Rizal went back to Ateneo as an Interne

March 1876 – back to Calamba for vacation

June 1876 – return to Manila for his last year in Ateneo

Important dates March 14, 1877 – Rizal

finished the course Bachelor in Arts from Ateneo Minucipal de Manila with the gen. ave. of sobresaliente (excellent)

March 19, 1877- Rizal receives letter from Fr. Jacinto Febres S.J., his former professor in Ateneo who transferred in Rome. In the letter, the priest advising him to be a good Christian and to always confess

March 20, 1877- date of issueance of his diploma in BA.

Important dates March 23, 1877:-

Commencement exercises where Rizal also receives a price for his poem “ El Embarque ( Himno a la flota de Magallanes).”

April 13, 1877- From Calamba, Rizal sends eight and one-half gantas of cacao to his Lola lllang(Basilisa Bauson) in Manila.

June 1877- Rizal returns to manila and enrolls metaphysics at the Ateneo. In the house of his grand mother in Trozo Street, Rizal Streets Miss Segunda Katigbak and makes a pencil sketch of her.

-He boards at the Casa Tomasina – a boarding house manage b a distant relative, Antonio Rivera and his wife Silvestra.

December 8, 1877- With some students, Rizal goes to the La Concordia College where his sister Narcisa and Segunda Katigbak are studying.

- Date of his poem “ El Heroismo”.

Important Dates December 13,

1877- Rizal visits Miss Katigbak at La Concordia to bid her goodbye. He will leave far Calamba the next day of Christmas vacation.

December 14, 1877- Rizal is on his way home to Calamba. On the boat, he talks with a girl who will spend in Calamba her Christmas vacation after almost five years of studying in Sta. Catalina College. He finds her timid.

Important Dates January 6, 1878- Rizal

returns to Manila to continue to his studies. He is taking a course in Surveying in Ateneo and at the same time Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas.

May 21, 1878 – Rizal is among the successful examinees in the Surveyors examination. The diploma cannot be issued to him, however, he is underage.

Important Dates December 30,

1881- he is already at 20 years old; in this day re get his licensed as Surveyors.

Academic Performance at Ateneo (1972-1977)

Fist Year (1872-1873) Fourth Year (1875-1876)Latin---------Excellent Rhetoric & Poetry-----ExcellentSpanish------Excellent French------ExcellentGreek-------Excellent Geometry and Trigonometry----ExcellentSecond year (1873-1874) Fifth year (1876-1877)Spanish------Excellent Philosophy 1-----ExcellentGreek-------Excellent Philosophy 2-----ExcellentWorld Geography---Excellent Mineralogy & Chemistry-----ExcellentThird year (1874-1875) Physics------ExcellentLatin-------Excellent Botany and Zoology-----ExellentSpanish----ExcellentWord History----Excellent Bachelor of Arts with average of ExcellentHistory of Spain & the Philippines---Excellent gold medalistArithmetic ^ Algebra-----ExcellentGreek------Excellent

Have a nice morning to one and all!!!

Thank you and be inspired from Rizal’s brain…To be continued….

TERTIARY EDUCATION

Rizal formal Schooling … University of Santo Tomas

Gain more… at Dominican University of the Philippines

Rizal’s completion of the Bachiller en Artes at Ateneo Municipal entitled him for admission to higher studies at a University, but Dona Teodora apposed because of her fear due to the martyrdom of Gomburza, Don Francisco decided to sent him to UST- the Dominican University of the Philippines

University of Santo Tomas (UST)… Rizal’s higher education

Enrollment at the USTHis former Jesuit mentor suggesting to Rizal to take either priesthood or farming but Rizal considered going into literature, law or medicine. His brother Paciano discouraged him to pursue law, owing the belief that Rizal will not able to practice that profession due to the political conditions in the country.


16 years old Rizal enrolled the course Philosophy and Letters, during his freshmen at UST (1887-1888), this was the course was his father wanted to him to pursue.During this term, Rizal enrolled surveying course at Ateneo. November 25, 1881 was conferred the title passed the final examination in this course.


After his Freshmen, Rizal shift his course from Philisophy and Letters to medicine. Two factors in pursuing the course:1. He was advice by Father Ramon2. Owing to his mother’s failing eyesight.

SCHOLASTIC RECORDS OF RIZAL AT UST

Preparatory Course for Theology and Law (1877-1878)

Cosmology................................................................Sobresaliente

Metaphysics............................................................. Sobresaliente

Theodicy................................................................... Sobresaliente

History of Philosophy.............................................. Sobresaliente

I n his class of 60 students, only 49 passed, and only eight were rewarded with Sobresaliente.


Preparatory Course of Medicine(1878-1879)

Advanced Physics.....................................................Aprovechado

Advanced Chemistry................................................ Sobresaliente

Advanced Natural History....................................... Aprovechado

First Year of Medicine(1878-1879)

General Anatomy and Histology I............................Bueno

Descriptive Anatomy I..............................................Bueno

Advanced Natural History....................................... Sobresaliente

Only one student merited Sobresaliente. Rizal is in the eight place out of 18 who successfully passed the course. 24 students were enrolled in the first year of medicine.


Second Year of Medicine(1879-1880)

General Anatomy and Histology II..........................Bueno

Descriptive Anatomy II............................................Bueno

Exercises of Dissection............................................ Bueno

Physiology, Private and Public Hygiene.................. Bueno

For a student of Dr. Jose Franco, to have passed must have been a relief and an achievement.

Only eleven students survived the two years of academic selection. Two of them were Spaniards and nine were Filipinos.


Third Year of Medicine(1880-1881)

General Pathology, its Clinic and Pathologic Histology..........................................................Aprobado

Therapeutics, Medical Matter and Art of Prescribing.......................................................Sobresaliente

Surgical Anatomy, Operations, External Medical

Applications and Bandages..............................Bueno

Only two students fared better than Rizal, namely, Jose Luna Novicio and Cornelio Mapa.


Fourth Year of Medicine(1881-1882)

Medical Pathology....................................................Notable

Surgical Pathology....................................................Notable

Obstetrics, Sicknesses of Women and Children.......Notable

Siphilography............................................................Notable

The Second among 7 students who successfully passed the course.

FACULTY OF MEDICINESchool Year 1881 - 1882

Students examined in the Fourth Year1. Cornelio Mapa y Belmonte Sobresaliente

2. JOSE RIZAL M. Y ALONSO Notable

3. Vivencio Ramos y Afable Notable

4. Francisco del Rosario y Narciso Bueno

5. Jose Luna y Novicio Bueno

6. Jose Resurrecion y Padilla Aprobado

7. Marciano Barrera y Aquino Suspenso

(Sgd.) Lic. Quintin MeynetDr. Jose de Antelo

The undersigned Examiner-Secretary certifies that the persons appearing in the preceding report have obtained the marks expressed after their names.

Manila, March 13, 1882

(Sgd.) Mariano Cuadrado

Was Rizal “far below his standards” at UST?

Elementary or high school standards should not be placed against College or University standards.

None of his classmates ever got near to keeping a straight record of Sobresaliente.

Rizal’s grades in UST must be compared not with his grades in high school but with those of his classmates in Medicine.

If Rizal was indeed below his usual grades, the following points must be considered:

Rizal was was not much attracted to Medicine. When Rizal transferred to Spain and continued

to study at the University of Madrid, he was “Excellent” in humanistic studies (literature, languages, history) but he fared worse than at the UST in Medicine.

He had the “distractions of the youth” as he gained more freedom in life.

Why did Rizal leave the University?

Asuncion Lopez Bantug (grand niece of Rizal, direct descendant of Narcissa) – “Lolo Jose”

-to learn more abroad

-Dominicans had nothing to do with it

Why did Rizal leave the University?

Fr. Juan Vila, Rizal’s professor of Metaphysics in the Preparatory Course of Theology and Law; Fr. Evaristo F. Arias, theologian, poet and friend of Rizal (Dominican priests)

-when Rizal was in his death cell (Dec 29) he was visited by the Dominican fathers, on of whom was Fr. Arias. They conversed with Rizal for some time

-”If I had followed the advice of Fr. Vila not to go to Europe until I had finished my career of Medicine, probably, I would not find myself in the sorry situation in which I am now.”

Have a nice morning to one and all!!!

Thank you and be inspired from Rizal’s brain…


Academic Performance at Ateneo (1972-1977)

Fist Year (1872-1873) Fourth Year (1875-1876)Latin---------Excellent Rhetoric & Poetry-----ExcellentSpanish------Excellent French------ExcellentGreek-------Excellent Geometry and Trigonometry----ExcellentSecond year (1873-1874) Fifth year (1876-1877)Spanish------Excellent Philosophy 1-----ExcellentGreek-------Excellent Philosophy 2-----ExcellentWorld Geography---Excellent Mineralogy & Chemistry-----ExcellentThird year (1874-1875) Physics------ExcellentLatin-------Excellent Botany and Zoology-----ExellentSpanish----ExcellentWord History----Excellent Bachelor of Arts with average of ExcellentHistory of Spain & the Philippines---ExcellentArithmetic ^ Algebra-----ExcellentGreek------Excellent


After his Freshmen, Rizal shift his course from Philisophy and Letters to medicine. Two factors in pursuing the course:1. He was advice by Father Ramon2. Owing to his mother’s failing eyesight.

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1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

20.4

27.4

90

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30.6

38.634.6

31.6

45.9 46.9 45 43.9

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Rizal Education