Rizal lecture

ACTIVATED PURSUANT TO GO # 341, GHQ, AFP DATED 13 JUN 51 1951.

• RIZAL LEFT THE COUNTRY FOR SPAIN

• IN MAY 1, 1882 – HE REACHED MANILA AFTER TEN

HOURS OF TRAVEL

• IN MAY 9 1882- HE REACHED SINGAPORE

• IN JUNE 12 1882 THE “SALVADORA” DOCKES AT THE

FRENCH HARBOUR OF MARSEILLES

• IN JUNE 16 1882 – HE TOOK TRAIN FOR BARCELONA

• IN SEPTEMBER 1882 – RIZAL TRANSFERRED TO

SPANISH CAPITAL TO CONTINUE HIS MEDICAL STUDIES


• When he was 24 years old and full pledge surgeon decided to go to Paris to learn Ophthalmology and stayed there for almost 4 months

• He worked as an assistant in Dr Weckert’s clinic

• In February 7 1886, Rizal arrived in Germany.

• After the publication of Noli Me Tangere in Berlin, Rizal and Dr. Viola left the City in May 11 1887,

• Back to Calamba.After almost five year in Europe he left Rome by train in July 3 1887

• He Board Djemnah• Reached Manila in August 6 1887• Rizal arrived in Yokoham Japan in Feb 23 18888 stayed in

grand hotel


• May 4 1888, He docked at San Francisco Port Amerika• May 24 1888, he left Amerika for Liverpool England• In this place he annotated Dr. Antonio de Morga’s Sucessos

delas Islas Filipinas

In Dapitan , he lived in the residence of Don Ricardo Carnicero, Captain of Infantry and politico –military governor of Dapitan

Dr Rizal volunteered his service as physician Spanish medical in Cuba in August 31 1896

September 30 1896 Rizal Left Spain and board the streamer Isla de Panay while the ship was cruising at the Mediterranean Minister of War and confine at Can and sent Montjuich Castle .


• Dr. Pio Valenzuela, informed the former of the secret organization's attempt to rescue him and to sneak him on a ship destined to Japan.

• In August 1896, during Rizal's stop over in Manila Bay, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other selected Katipuneros disguised as sailors of the motor Caridad so that they can easily penetrate the cruiser Castilla, then harbored at Manila Bay


Fishing for evidence

While Rizal was held incommunicado in Fort Santiago, the Spanish authorities fished for evidence against him

Many Filipino patriots were tortured to implicate Rizal such as Deodato Arellano, Dr Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon Domingo Franco and Timoteo Paez

An anteroom and an adjacent bedroom comprised his cell

Because he was held incommunicado, his relations with the wardens assigned to him were rigously controlled

He knew nothing of what was happening outside and thus could not plan his course of action

On 20 November Rizal appeared before Col Francisco Olive. Gov Blanco had named Col Olive judge advocate in charge of the general proceedings against insurrection, the same Oliver had led the troops in evicting the Calamebos •Bay


These evidences were endorsed by Colonel Olive to Governor Ramon Blanco who designated Captain Rafael Dominguez as the Judge Advocate assigned with the task of deciding what corresponding action should be done.

Dominguez, after a brief review, transmitted the records to Don Nicolas de la Peña, the Judge Advocate General, for an opinion. Peña's recommendations were as follows:

•Rizal must be immediately sent to trial •He must be held in prison under necessary security •His properties must be issued with order of attachment, and as indemnity, Rizal had to pay one million pesos •Instead of a civilian lawyer, only an army officer is allowed to defend Rizal.

http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ramon_Blanco

http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Rafael_Dominguez&action=edit

http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Nicolas_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a&action=edit


• Although given with “privilege” to choose his own defense counsel, this was limited to a list of 100 names – both first and second lieutenants - that the Spanish authorities provided him. Of the list, one familiar name stood out – Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade.

On the 11th of December 1896, in the presence of his Spanish counsel, charges against Rizal were read. When asked regarding his sentiments or reaction on the charges, Rizal replied that

• He does not question the jurisdiction of the court• He has nothing to amend except that during his exile in

Dapitan in 1892, he had not dealt in political matters• He has nothing to admit on the charges against him• He has nothing to admit on the declarations of the witnesses


• Rizal's case was endorsed to Blanco's successor, Governor Camilo de Polavieja, who had the authority to command that the case be court martialed

• On December 15, inside his cell at Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote the controversial Manifesto addressed to his countrymen – a letter denouncing bloody struggle, and promoting education and industry as the best means to acquire independence.

• Judge Advocate General Nicolas de la Peña requested to Gov. Polavieja that the publication of the manifesto be prohibited, and so, the governor did.


• The documentary proofs gathered by Olive consisted principally of letters found during the searches made in the houses of suspected organizers of katipunan.

• Most of the documents did not constitute proff against Rizal at all, since he never talked of separatism nor of insurrection

• Also produced were such insignificant letters as those referring to the polemic he had with lete, the Borneo colony or the merienda in Rizal’s honor in Madrid

• There were some Masonic letters mentioning the matter of liberty in the abstract, of oppression as well as some protest against deportation without trial

• Among the papers were lyrics of Kundiman allegedly written by Rizal but which were actually by Pedro Paterno

• Found among the documents too were fragments of speeches made in the meetings of the Katipunan when Rizal was in Dapitan, which ended in cheers for him, and of which he was completely ignorant


• For five days Olive interrogated Rizal regarding all the points he was implicated in based on documents and testimonies

• Rizal admitted that he had seen him in Dapitan, together with a patient with an eye ailment, but he had not known him before nor did he hear of him after visit

• When asked whether he had organized an association were to promote discipline among the members

• Asked whether there was a relationship between La liga and La Solidaridad he replied that the two were independent of each other, and that when del Pilar worked for the union of these, Rizal left for Paris

• He added that La Liga did not have any political leanings and that politics was concern of La Solidaridad which was not under his jurisdiction


• He also confirmed having gone to Tarlac during the last days of June 1892 accompanied by Pedro Serrano, to visit the northern province and to see the recently inaugurated railway to the north

• Olive gave special attention to the famous meeting in the house of Ongjungco

• Rizal admitted having attended the meeting, for there were some Filipinos invited him

• The judge advocate inquired whether it was true that he had spoken during the meeting, encouraging the Filipinos to be a worthy and free nation for otherwise they would always be at the mercy of the abuses of authorities

• Rizal replied that this was possible for he had spoken of this several times.

• December 26, about 8 o'clock in the morning, the court-martial of Rizal commenced.

• . The trial took place at Cuartel de España, a military building, with a court composed of seven military officers headed by Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona. Present at the courtroom were Jose Rizal, the six other officers in uniform (Capt. Ricardo Muñoz Arias, Capt. Manuel Reguera, Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio, Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nuñez, Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano, and Capt. Fernando Perez Rodriguez), Lt. Taviel de Andrade, Judge Advocate Capt. Rafael Dominguez, Lt. Enrique de Alcocer (prosecuting attorney) and a number of spectators, including Josephine Bracken


• Judge Advocate Dominguez opened the trial• Lt Enrique Alcocer reiterate charges against Rizal• Three Crimes were accused

• Rebellion• Sedition• Illegal Association

• According to Rizal, there are twelve points to prove his innocence:

1. as testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion 2. he had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan

comprising revolutionary elements 3. without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan;

if he really was guilty, he could have escaped while he was in Singapore

4. if he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he shouldn't have built a home, bought a parcel of land or established a hospital in Dapitan.

5. if he was really the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted him.


6. he did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make things clear, the organization was a civic association, not a revolutionary society. 7. after the first meeting of La Liga, the association banished because of his exile in Dapitan, thus, did not last long. 8. if the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it 9. if the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been organized. 10.0 if the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter atmosphere, it was because in 1890 his family was being persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties and deportation of all his brothers-in-law. 11. he lived an exemplary life in Dapitan – the politico-military commanders and missionary priests in the province could attest to that. 12. if according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house had inspired the revolution, then he want to confront these persons. If he really was for the revolution, then why did the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan? It is so because all his friends were aware that he never advocated violence.


at 6 o'clock in the morning of December 29, 1896, read before him the official notice of his execution, scheduled the next day

•Late at night, around 10 o'clock, a retraction letter prepared by Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda was presented to Rizal, however, he rejected it for being too long.

•Fr. Balaguer, on the other hand, showed another draft from Fr. Pio Pi, which Rizal liked but wanted some parts of which be changed. By 11:30pm, Rizal wrote and signed the retraction letter in which he renounced the mason movement –

•By 6:30am, Rizal's march to Bagumbayan commenced. He – in his black suit, black necktie, black hat, black shoes and white vest – calmly walked from his prison cell in Fort Santiago to the execution site, with Lt. Taviel de Andrade on one side, and Fathers Estanislao March and Jose Villaclara, on the other side

•A physician by the name of Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, was amazed that Rizal's vital signs were normal, particularly his pulse rate

•Jose Rizal died at exactly 7:03 in the morning of December 30.

Documents

Rizal lecture