Road Accidents in India 2014

8/18/2019 Road Accidents in India 2014

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R R OO A A D D A A C C C C I I D D E E N N T T SS I I N N I I N N D D I I A A

2 2 00 11 4 4

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT & HIGHWAYS

TRANSPORT RESEARCH WING NEW DELHI

www.morth.nic.in


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TEN GOLDEN RULES FOR ROAD SAFETY

1. STOP OR SLOW DOWN : Allow pedestrians to cross first at uncontrolled zebracrossings.

2. BUCKLE UP : So that your family and you are safe in the car. Seat Belts reducethe chances of death of a car occupant in accidents .

3. OBEY TRAFFIC RULES AND SIGNS : To prevent road accidents.4. OBEY SPEED LIMITS : For your own safety and that of others. In residential

areas and market places, ideal speed should be 20 kmph and the maximum speedlimit is 30 kmph.

5. KEEP VEHICLE FIT : To prevent breakdown and accidents on road.6. NEVER USE MOBILE WHILE DRIVING : To avoid distractions that largely

lead to accidents.7. WEAR HELMET : To protect your head while riding a two wheeler. A good

quality helmet reduces the chances of severe head injury.8. NEVER DRIVE DANGEROUSLY : To ensure your own safety and that of

other road users.9. BE COURTEOUS : Share the road with all and be considerate. Never rage on

the road.10. NEVER MIX DRINKING AND DRIVING : Be Responsible... Don’t drink

while driving.


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SECRETARY

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

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VIJAY CHHIBBER FOREWORD

Over the years, the significant growth of vehicles on road has been the leadingcause of accidents resulting into deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations with severesocio-economic costs across the country.

During the year 2014, there were around 4.89 lakhs road accidents which killedabout 1.40 lakh people and injured more than 4.93 lakh persons in India. The analysis ofroad accident data 2014 reveals that about 56 accidents take place and 16 lives are lostevery hour on an average in our country. In India, 53.8 per cent road accident victims arein the age group of 15 to 34 years. Further, drivers fault (78.8 per cent) has been foundas the single most important factor responsible for road accidents.

Road accidents are human tragedy which involves high human sufferings. Theloss of main bread earner and head of households due to death or disability can becatastrophic, leading to lower living standards and poverty in addition to the human costof bereavement of the highest degree. Thus, road safety has become an issue of nationalas well as international concern.

Road traffic accidents are amenable to remedial action. Significant reduction inaccident rate is a big challenge for us. It is only possible by a wide variety ofimprovements in design of vehicles in tune with the Indian weather conditions, bystrengthening infrastructure particularly rural connectivity, structural improvements inNational Highways and State Highways and enforcement of safety regulations andstandards. In this context, we have undertaken many initiatives and are implementingvarious road safety improvement programmes along with strong monitoring mechanism.

The purpose of this publication is to present an in-depth analysis and anover-view of the accidents in India and bring into focus the challenges relating to theprevention of road accidents and their impact. The data and subsequent analysis onroad accidents contained in this issue would help to create awareness and to understandthe complex issues involved in the decision making process related to road safety.Nevertheless, this analysis will facilitate in formulating a multi-pronged strategy to preventloss of human resources on account of road accidents, fatalities and injuries. I believethat this document would be useful for policy makers, scholars, civil society organizationsand society at large.

New DelhiAugust, 2015

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(Vijay Chhibber)


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ASHISH KUMARSenior AdviserTele FaxNo. : 23389017E-mail: [email protected]

PREF E

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G ov ern men t o f In dia R cjg 'i, 'l 1\JJlW T ~ ~ ~[f

M inistry of R o ad Transport, H ig hw ays Shippinq RcH5'i ~m 1 ~~

(Tra nsp ort R e se arc h W in g)~ . ~ . c : . ~ \JIlli'ili z 6T\R1

ID A B uilding J am nag ar, H ouse~m5\iH51m ~ ~ 1100II

Shahjahan R oad, New Delhi - 110011

It is a well-known fact that the co-ordinated system of transport plays an important rolein the sustained economic growthof a country. The present transport system of India comprisesseveral modes of transport including rail, road, coastal shipping and air transport etc.Transportation in India has recorded a substantial growth over the years both in spread ofnetwork and in output of the system. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways isresponsible for the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes for the

developmentof various modesof road transport.In the above context, it is noteworthy to mention that Transport Research Wing of the

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways brings out every year a publication on RoadAccidents in India . The present issue Road Accidents in India-2014 provides information onvarious facets of road accidents in the country during the calendar year 2014 which includesrecent and long-term trends; normalized indicators of road accidents; injuries and fatalities; thedetails of major 13 States in terms of road accidents; severity of road accidents; injuries anddeaths in Millions Plus Cities; accidents in terms of classification of roads; spatial distributionof road accidents (Urban vis-a-vis Rural); accidents classified in terms of involvement byvehicle type; time of occurrence of road accidents; age profile of road accident victims; nature

and causes of road accidents; international comparisons; road safety initiatives by theGovernmentof India etc.

Information contained in this publication is gathered from the Police Headquarters ofthe various States, UTs and Million Plus Cities in India through specific designated nodalofficers DGP DGP (Crime), ADGP (Traffic), Director (State Crime Record Bureau) in a 19items format devised under Asia Pacific Road Accident Data (APRAD), Indian Road AccidentData (IRAD), project of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia andPacific (UNESCAP). An effort has been made by Transport Research Wing to capture all theinformationprovided by the StateslUTs as per the prescribed format.

I am especially thankful to the police (traffic) personnel of all the States/U Ts, forfurnishing the requisite data/information as per the prescribed format to Transport ResearchWing in time. I sincerelyappreciate the genuine efforts, cooperation, valuable contribution andeverlasting support providedby all in completingthis issue.This publication is a joint endeavorof each official of Transport Research Wing by contributing their professional competence,knowledge and understanding of the subject and their deep commitment towards the cause. Ihope that this issue on Road Accidents in India-2014 will be of immense use for the fraternityof policy makers, academia, civil society organizationsand society at large.

lh


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List of Contents

S.No. Title Page No.

1. Executive Summary 1-22. Section - I Accidents on Indian Roads - 2014 3-53. Section - II Normalized Indicators of Road Accidents, Injuries &

Fatalities: All India Averages 6-9

4. Section - III Month-Wise Classification of Accidents 105. Section – IV Inter State comparison of Top Thirteen States 11-156. Section –V Type of Road Accidents 16-177. Section - VI Road Accidents, Deaths, Injuries and Severity in Million

Plus Cities 18-20

8. Section – VII Accidents, Deaths and Injuries in terms of Classification ofRoads 21-22

9. Section -VIII Spatial Distribution of Road Accidents 23-2410. Section - IX Based on Accidents classified in terms of involvement by

Vehicle type 25-27

11. Section - X Time of Occurrence of Road Accidents 2812. Section - XI Nature and Causes of Road Accidents 29-3113. Section –XII Classification based on Age of Vehicles 3214. Section – XIII Classification based on Age of Persons Killed (Gender

wise) in Road Accidents 33-34

15. Section – XIV Age profile of Road Accident victims (Passengers anddrivers) 35

16. Section - XV Accidents based on classification of Junction Type 3617. Section - XVI Accidents at Traffic/ Police controlled areas on Junctions 3718. Section - XVII Classification based on Persons Driving the Vehicle and

Type of Licence 38-3919. Section - XVIII International Comparison 40-4120.

Section- XIX Road Safety Initiatives by the Government of India. 42-51


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List of Tables

S.No. Tables PageNo.

1 Table 1.1 : Road Accident Parameters: 2013 and 2014 32 Table 1.2: Number of Road Accidents and Number of Persons

Involved: 2003-20145

3 Table 3.1: Month-Wise classification of accidents 104 Table 4.1: Top 13 States: Share in Total Number of Road

Accidents (in %) during the calendar year 201411

5 Table 4.2: Top 13 States: Share in Total Number of PersonsKilled in Road Accidents (in %) in 2014

13

6 Table 4.3: Top 13 States: Share in Total Number of PersonsInjured in Road Accidents (in %) in 2014

14

7 Table 6.1 : Percentage Share of 50 Million Plus Cities inRoad Accidents

18

8 Table 6.2 : Road Accident Profile of Million Plus Cities(2014) 19

9 Table 7.1 : Percentage Share of National Highways, StateHighways and Other Roads in Total Road Accidents, PersonsKilled and Injured: 2002 to 2014

21

10 Table 7.2 : Number of Accidents, Persons Killed & Injured asper Road Classification (2014)

22

11 Table 8.1 : Total Accidents, Persons Killed and Injured inRural & Urban Areas during 2014

23

12 Table 9.1: Total number of accidents, persons killed and

injured based on the involvement by vehicle type

25

13 Table 10.1 : Road Accidents as per the Time ofOccurrence(2014)

28

14 Table 11.1: Accidents classified according to Causes: 2014 2915 Table 12.1 Total number of accidents, persons killed and

injured based on Age of Vehicles (2014)32

16 Table 13.1: Age of Persons Killed (Gender wise) 3317 Table 14.1: Persons Killed based on Age of Drivers and

Passengers35

18 Table 15.1 Total number of accidents, persons killed andinjured based on Junction Type (2014)

36

19 Table 16.1 : Total Number of Road Accidents Classifiedbased on various type of Traffic Control

37

20 Table 17.1 : Total Number of Road Accidents Classifiedbased on Persons Driving the Vehicle

38

21 Table 17.2 : Total Number of Road Accidents Classifiedbased on Type of License

39

22 Table 18.1: Cross Country Comparison of Incidence of Roadrelated Deaths and Injury Accidents in 2012

41


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Annexure

AnnexureNumber

Name of Annexure Page Nos.

I. Road Accidents, Persons Killed and Injured: 1970-2014 52II. Month-wise total number of accidents, persons killed and injured during

201453-55

III. Total Number of Road Accidents in India: 2011 to 2014 56IV. Total Number of Persons Killed in Road Accidents in India: 2011 to 2014 57V. Total Number of Persons Injured in Road Accidents in India: 2011 to 2014 58

VI. Type of Road accidents in States/ UTs in 2014 59

VII. Severity of Road Accidents in India (State/UT-wise): 2011 to 2014 60

VIII. Total Number of Fatal Road Accidents in States/UTs: 2011 to 2014 61IX. Total Number of Persons Injured (Grievous and Minor) during the calendar

year 201462

X. Spatial Distribution of Road Accidents (Urban vis-à-vis Rural) 63

XI. Fatal accidents in rural and urban area 64XII. Total Number of Road Accidents on National Highways: 2011 to 2014 65

XIII. Total Number of persons killed in Road Accidents on National Highways:2011 to 2014

66

XIV. Total Number of persons Injured in Road Accidents on National Highways:2011 to 2014

67

XV. Total Number of Road Accidents on State Highways: 2011 to 2014 68XVI. Total Number of persons killed in Road Accidents on State Highways: 2011

to 201469

XVII. Total Number of persons injured in Road Accidents on State Highways: 2011to 2014

70

XVIII. Total Number of Road Accidents, persons killed and Injured on Other roadsduring the calendar year 2014

71

XIX. Accidents classified according to type of location during the calendar year2014

72-74

XX. Road Accidents as per the Time of Occurrence 2014 75XXI. Percentage Share in Total Registered Motor Vehicles in India as on 31 st

March, 201376

XXII. Accidents classified according to weather condition during the calendar year2014

77-78

XXIII. Total number of Road Accidents, persons killed and injured by type of

vehicles involved 2014

79

XXIV. Total number of accidents, persons killed and injured by non-motorizedvehicle during the calendar year 2014

80

XXV. Accidents classified according to Age of Vehicles during the calendar year2014

81

XXVI. Accidents classified according to nature of accidents during the calendar year2014

82-83

XXVII. Total number of Road Accidents in India Classified according to cause ofAccidents: 2014

84-86

XXVIII. Age of persons killed in road accidents during the calendar year 2014(Gender-wise)

87-88

XXIX.

Accident Victims killed by Age Group, 2014(Drivers and Passengers) 89


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XXX. Accidents classified according to Educational Qualifications of Drivers: 2014 90

XXXI. Accidents, persons killed and injured according to type of Manoeuvre: 2014 91-93XXXII. Accidents classified according to responsibility of driver during the calendar

year 201494-98

XXXIII. Accidents classified according to vehicular defect during the calendar year2014

99

XXXIV. Number of Accidents, persons killed and Injured by Commercial Vehicle orNon-Commercial Vehicles during the calendar year 2014

100

XXXV. Accidents caused due to Over-loading/ Over-Crowding/ Load Protruding:2014

101

XXXVI. Male and female persons killed in Road Accidents in terms of road UserCategories: 2014

102-103

XXXVII. Total Number of Persons killed in Road Accidents in terms of road UserCategories: 2014

104

XXXVIII. Accidents classified according to road condition during the calendar year2014

105-109

XXXIX. Accidents classified according to road features during the calendar year 2014 110XL. Accidents classified according to Type of Junctions during the calendar year

2014111-112

XLI. Accidents classified according to Type of Traffic Control during the calendaryear 2014

113

XLII. Owner Driving Vehicles and Type of License: 2014 114XLIII. Total Number of Road accidents, Killed & Injured in Million Plus Cities in

2014115


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1

Executive Summary

1. India is experiencing one of the highest motorization growth rate in the world accompaniedby rapid expansion in road network and urbanization over the years. Generally speaking, thisphenomenon has significantly contributed in raising the road accident rate resulting into injuries,fatalities, disabilities and hospitalization. All of these, in turn cause severe socio-economic coststo the country. Traffic hazards, exposures and risk factors have also increased over the years.

2. The United Nations has rightly proclaimed 2011-20 as the Decade of Action on RoadSafety. A number of road safety initiatives have been taken by the Government of India, StateGovernments and other stake-holders during the calendar year 2014.

3. The total number of road accidents increased marginally from 4,86,476 in 2013 to4,89,400 in 2014. The total number of persons killed also increased by about 1.5 per cent from1,37,572 in 2013 to 1,39,671 in 2014. However road accident injuries have marginallyreduced from 4,94,893 in 2013 to 4,93,474 in 2014. An analysis of road accident data of 2014revealed that on an average about 56 accidents take place and 16 lives are lost every hour inIndia.

4. A very high percentage of road accident victims are in the age group of 15 to 35 years.This group of people account for 53.8 per cent of all persons killed in road accidents during2014.

5. During 2014, thirteen top States namely Tamil Nadu (67,250), Maharashtra (61,627),Madhya Pradesh (53,472), Karnataka (43,713), Kerala (36,282), Uttar Pradesh (31,034),Rajasthan (24,628), Andhra Pradesh (24,440), Gujarat (23,712), Telengana (20,078), Chattisgarh(13,821),West Bengal (12,875) and Haryana (10,676)together accounted for 86.3 per cent of allroad accidents in the country. Tamil Nadu has reported the highest number of road accidentswhile Lakshadweep reported lowest i.e only one road accident.

6. Around 83.3 per cent of all road accidents fatalities occurred in the top thirteen statesduring 2014. These States are Uttar Pradesh (16,287), Tamil Nadu (15,190), Maharashtra(12,803), Karnataka (10,452), Rajasthan (10,289), Madhya Pradesh (8,569), Gujarat (7,955),Andhra Pradesh (7,908), Telangana (6,906), West Bengal (5,875), Bihar (4913), Punjab (4621)and Haryana (4483), whereas 23,420 accidental deaths had taken place in other States/UTs. Interms of absolute numbers, highest number of deaths had taken place in Uttar Pradesh, leavingout Lakshadweep where there was no road accident fatality.

7. During 2014, a total number of 4,93,474 persons were injured in road accidents, in ourcountry. Out of these 87.5 per cent were accounted for by the top thirteen states. These states are

Tamil Nadu (77,725), Karnataka (56,831), Madhya Pradesh (55,335), Kerala (41,096),Maharashtra (40,455), Andhra Pradesh (29,931), Rajasthan (27,453), Gujarat (22,493), UttarPradesh (22,337), Telangana (21,636), Chhattisgarh (13,157), West Bengal (12,018) and Odisha(11,087). Tamil Nadu reported the highest number of persons injured in road accidents,Lakshadweep reported only one accident injury.

8. In 2014, fifty Million Plus Cities accounted for a share of 22.7 per cent in total roadaccidents in the country, 11.9 per cent in total persons killed in road accidents and 16.8 per cent


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2

in total persons injured in road accidents. Mumbai had the highest number of road accidents(22,570) while Delhi had the highest number of deaths (1671) due to road accidents.

9. As reported by States/UTs, during 2014, Drivers’ fault (78.8 per cent) has been found asthe single most important factor responsible for road accidents as against 78.0 per cent during2013. Within the category of drivers’ fault, accidents caused and persons killed due to“Exceeding lawful speed” by drivers accounted for 55.0 per cent(2,08,271 out of 3,78,992accidents) and 56.2 percent(57,844 out of 1,02,878 deaths) respectively. Accidents and deathscaused due to “Intake of alcohol/drugs” accounted for 5.0 per cent (18,916 out of 3,78,992accidents) and 6.8 per cent (6,968 out of 1,02,878 deaths) respectively.

10. During the calendar year 2014, the total number of hit and run cases was reported as 53,334which was higher by 7.6 per cent as compared with 49,576 accidents reported in the year2013. The number of persons killed due to hit and run cases were reported as 19,569 which washigher by 4.6 per cent in 2014 as compared to the preceding year (18,702).

11. During the year 2014, overloaded vehicles caused 91,335 accidents and 26,809 roadaccidental deaths. It constituted a share of 18.7 per cent and 19.2 per cent respectively in totalroad accidents and fatalities in the country.

12. Two modes of road transport which accounted for the higher shares in total road accidentswere Two Wheelers (27.3 per cent) and Cars, Jeeps &Taxis (22.7 per cent) as reported by theStates/UTs during 2014.

13. Out of total road accidents, 28.2 per cent, 25.2 per cent and 46.6 per cent of roadaccidents took place on National Highways, State Highways and Other Roads respectively in thecountry during 2014.

14. During 2014, the time-slot with high rate of road accidents was 15:00 to 18:00 hours and18:00 to 21:00 hours, accounting for a share of 17.3 per cent (84,436) and 17.0 per cent (83,254)respectively in the total road accidents during 2014. During the same slot in 2013, the rate ofaccidents was 17.1per cent (83,258) and 16.9 per cent (82,149) respectively.

15. The highest number of road accidents occurred in the month of May (45,404) followedby March (42,524), thus contributing 9.2 per cent and 8.6 per cent of total accidents month wiserespectively throughout the calendar year, 2014.

16. Rural areas are more prone to road accidents, accounting for 53.7 per cent of total roadaccidents during 2014. The percentage of road accident fatalities (59.4 per cent) and injuries(58.0 per cent) were also more in rural areas as compared to the urban areas in the country.

17. Generally speaking, traffic junctions are accident prone areas. About 57 per cent of totalaccidents took place on the junctions itself as per 2014 road accident data reported by States/UTsas against 59.4 percent during 2013.

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3

Section I: Accidents on Indian Roads - 20141. Introduction

Rapid expansion in road network, motorization and urbanization in the country has beenaccompanied by a rise in road traffic accidents resulting into injuries, fatalities, disabilities andhospitalization with severe socio-economic costs across the country. Road safety has become anissue of concern at national as well at the international level. The United Nations has rightlyproclaimed 2011-20 as the Decade of Action on Road Safety.

2. Recent TrendsThe total number of road accidents increased marginally from 4,86,476 in 2013 to

4,89,400 in 2014. During the calendar year 2014 the total number of persons killed alsoincreased by about 1.5 per cent from 1,37,572 in 2013 to 1,39,671 in 2014. However, roadaccident injuries have marginally reduced from 4,94,893 in 2013 to 4,93,474 in 2014. Theaccident severity increased slightly during 2014 as compared to the preceding year i.e. 2013. Acomparative scenario of 2013 and 2014 is depicted in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 : Road Accident Parameters: 2013 and 2014

Parameter 2013 2014 % change overprevious yearAccidents 4,86,476 4,89,400 0.6

Person Killed 1,37,572 1,39,671 1.5

Person Injured 4,94,893 4,93,474 -0.3

Accident Severity* 28.3 28.5 0.7

* No. of persons killed per 100 accidents

Though, there was an increase in the absolute number of road accidents in the countryduring 2014 as compared to 2013, there was a marginal reduction in the number of roadaccidents per lakh population from 39.8 per cent in 2013 to 39.5 per cent in 2014.

The total number of persons injured in road accidents declined both in absolute andrelative term. The number of persons injured in road accidents per lakh of population alsodeclined from 40.4 per cent in 2013 to 39.8 per cent in 2014.

3. Long-term Trends

The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of number of road accidents in the

country during the decades 1993 -2003 and 2004-2014 has decreased from 3.6 per cent to 1.3per cent. However, in the case of number of road accident fatalities, the CAGR has increasedfrom 3.6 per cent to 4.2 per cent and in case of number of persons injured has declined from 4.2per cent to 0.6 per cent during the same period. This is depicted in Chart 1.1 .


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4. Profile of Road Accidents

During 2014, a total of 4,89,400 road accidents were reported by all States/UnionTerritories. Of these 25.7 per cent (1,25,828) were fatal accidents. The number of personskilled in road accidents were 1,39,671 i.e an average of one fatality per 3.5 accidents. Thenumber of road accidents, road accident fatalities and persons injured in road accidents in Indiaduring 2003 to 2014 is shown in Chart 1.2. A detailed State/UT wise analysis of accidents,persons killed and injured for the years 2011 to 2014 along-with different indicators such as (a)per lakh persons, (b) per ten thousand motor vehicles and (c) per ten thousand kilometers ofroad length is given at Annexure III, IV and V respectively.

3.6 3.6

4.2

1.3

4.2

0.6

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.53.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Number of Accidents Number of Persons Killed Number of Persons Injured

1993-2003 2004-2014

Chart 1.1: Compound Annual Growth Rate 1993-2003 and 2004-2014

C A G R

( i n P e r c e n t a g e

)


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5

Table 1.2: Number of Road Accidents and Number of Persons affected: 2003-2014

Year Number of Accidents Number of Persons Accident

Severity* Total Fatal Killed Injured 2003 4,06,726 73,589 (18.1) 85,998 435,122 21.1 2004 4,29,910 79,357 (18.5) 92,618 464,521 21.5 2005 4,39,255 83,491 (19.0) 94,968 465,282 21.6 2006 4,60,920 93,917 (20.4) 105,749 496,481 22.9 2007 4,79,216 1,01,161 (21.1) 114,444 513,340 23.9

2008 4,84,704 1,06,591 (22.0) 119,860 523,193 24.7 2009 4,86,384 1,10,993 (22.8) 125,660 515,458 25.8 2010 4,99,628 1,19,558 (23.9) 134,513 527,512 26.9 2011 4,97,686 1,21,618 (24.4) 1,42,485 5,11,394 28.6 2012 4,90,383 1,23,093 (25.1) 1,38,258 5,09,667 28.2 2013 4,86,476 1,22,589(25.2) 1,37,572 4,94,893 28.3 2014 4,89,400 1,25,828(25.7) 1,39,671 4,93,474 28.5

Source: Information supplied by States/UTs (Police Departments).Figures within parentheses indicate share of fatal accidents to total accidents.* Accident Severity : Number of persons killed per 100 accidents

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

N u m

b e r

Year

Chart 1.2: Total number of Road Accidents, Persons Killed & PersonsInjured during 2003-2014

Total No. of Road Accidents Total No. of Persons Killed Total No. of Persons Injured


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6

Section II: Normalized Indicators of Road Accidents, Injuries &Fatalities: All India Averages

To get an appropriate measure of incidence of accidents, the normalized/standardizedaccident rates of India have been worked out in terms of number of accidents on the basis of(a) per lakh persons, (b) per ten thousand motor vehicles and (c) per ten thousand kilometers ofroad length for the years from 1970 to 2014. A detailed analysis is provided in Annexure –I.Some of the broad trends at all-India level are summarized below.

a. Chart 2.1 Indicates the number of accidents per lakh population from 1970 to 2014.

b. Persons killed per lakh of population have shown an alarming increase from 2.7 percent in 1970 to 11.8 per cent in 2011. Thereafter, it declined to 11.2 per cent in2013 and again slightly rose to 11.3 per cent in 2014 as shown in Chart 2.2.

2 1

. 2

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0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

Chart 2.1: Number of Road Accidents per Lakh Population (1970-2014)


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7

c. A significant decline in the number of accidents per ten thousand motor vehiclesis discernible from 814.4 per cent in 1970 to 26.8 per cent in 2013 shown inChart 2.3.

d. As regards number of persons killed per 10,000 vehicles, the decline has beensignificant. The number of persons killed per 10,000 vehicles in the country hasalso fallen from about 103.5 per cent in 1970 to 7.6 per cent in 2013 as shownin Chart 2.4. However, deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles as a parameter has alimitation as it does not capture road related accidents and deaths connectedwith non-motorized forms of transport which are significant in rural areas.

2 . 7

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Chart 2.2: Number of Persons Killed per lakh Population (1970-2014)

8 1 4

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200.0

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500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

Chart 2.3 : Number of Road Accidents per Ten ThousandVehicles (1970-2013)


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e. The trend in the number of accidents per ten thousand kilometers of the road lengthshows continuous decline from 1,064 in 2011 to 930 in 2013 as shown in Chart 2.5.

1 0 3

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Chart 2.4 : Number of Persons Killed per Ten Thousand Vehicles(1970-2013)

9 6 0

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1 , 1

7 9

1 , 0

8 8

1 , 0

9 0

1 , 0

6 4

1 , 0

0 8

9 3 0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Chart 2.5 : Number of Road Accidents per Ten ThousandKilometres of Road Length (1970-2013)


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f. Lack of foot-paths, service lanes, cycle tracks, where non-motorized mode oftransport blend with motorized traffic, increases the risk of accidents and itsseverity. These factors have contributed towards increase in road related accidents,injuries and deaths in proportion to rise in terms of road length. Chart 2.6 indicatesthe number of persons killed per ten thousand kilometres of road length from 1970to 2013.

1 2 2

. 0

1 6 0

. 9

2 7 2

. 7

2 3 7

. 3

2 3 9

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. 9

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

Chart 2.6 : Number of Persons Killed per Ten Thousand Kilometresof Road Length (1970-2013)


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Section III: Month-Wise Classification of Accidents

The month wise details of road accidents, persons killed and injured in respect of allstates/UTs during 2014 are given below at table 3.1:

Table 3.1: Month-Wise classification of accidentsJAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Total

Accidents 41,954 39,899 42,524 39,867 45,404 42,448 38,916 39,213 37,360 39,791 40,040 41,984 4,89,40Killed 11,455 11,329 12,130 11,655 13,940 12,559 10,922 10,797 10,230 11,176 11,423 12,055 1,39,6Injured 42,363 40,953 43,113 41,363 46,801 42,800 38,577 39,894 37,631 39,730 38,760 41,489 4,93,4

It is seen from chart 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 that the total number of accidents during 2014 were highest inthe month of May, (45,404) and followed by the month of March (42,524) and June (42,448)perhaps due to tourist movement as a result of summer vacations in schools, marriage season etc..Similarly, the total number of persons killed were highest in the month of May (13,940) followedby month of June (12,559). The number of persons injured were highest in the month of May(46,801) followed by the month of March (43,113). The States/UT wise distribution is given inAnnexure-II.

41954

39899

42524

39867

45404

42448

38916

39213

37360

39791

40040

41984

0

20000

40000

60000

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Chart 3.1 : Month - Wise Total Number of Accidents (2014)

Accidents

11455

11329

12130

11655

13940

12559

10922

10797

10230

11176

11423

12055

0

5000

10000

15000


Chart 3.2: Month - Wise Total Number of Persons Killed (2014)

Killed

42363

40953

43113

41363

46801

42800

38577

39894

37631

39730

38760

41489

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000


Chart 3.3 : Month - Wise Total Number of Persons Injured (2014)

Injur


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11

Section IV: Inter State Comparison of Top Thirteen States

4.1 Number of Road AccidentsA comparison of States which accounted for more than 80 per cent of share in road

accidents during the calendar year 2014 reveals that Tamil Nadu stood on top in road accidentsin the entire country with a percentage share of 13.7 per cent followed by Maharashtra 12.6 percent and Madhya Pradesh 10.9 per cent. A comparative analysis of top 13 States for thecalendar year 2014 is tabulated below (Table4.1) and depicted in Chart4.1. These 13 States

accounted for 86.3 per cent of total road accidents in the entire country.

Table 4.1: Top* 13 States: Share in Total Number of RoadAccidents (in %)during the calendar year 2014.Share of 13 States 86.31.Tamil Nadu 13.72.Maharashtra 12.63. Madhya Pradesh 10.94.Karnataka 8.95. Kerala 7.4

6.Uttar Pradesh 6.37. Rajasthan 5.08.Andhra Pradesh 5.09. Gujarat 4.810. Telangana 4.111. Chhattisgarh 2.812. West Bengal 2.613. Haryana 2.2*Top 13 States according to their respective shares in 2014.


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The States of Tamil Nadu(67,250), Maharashtra(61,627), Madhya Pradesh(53,472),Karnataka(43,713), Kerala(36,282), Uttar Pradesh(31,034), Rajasthan(24,628), AndhraPradesh(24,440), Gujarat(23,712), Telangana (20,078), Chhattisgarh(13,821), WestBengal(12,875) and Haryana(10,676)together accounted for 86.3 per cent of all road accidentsin the country in the year 2014 [Table 4.1]. Tamil Nadu reported the highest number of roadaccidents in 2014, while Lakshadweep reported only one (1) road accident. An analysis of roadaccidents, in terms of per lakh population revealed that the highest number of road accidentswere in Goa (221.0 per cent) while the lowest was in Lakshadweep.

4.2 Number of Persons Killed in Road Accidents

During 2014, as many as 1,39,671 persons were killed in road accidents in the States of UttarPradesh (16,287), Tamil Nadu (15,190), Maharashtra (12,803), Karnataka (10,452), Rajasthan(10,289), Madhya Pradesh (8,569), Gujarat (7,955), Andhra Pradesh (7,908) Telangana(6,906), West Bengal (5,875), Bihar (4913), Punjab (4,621), Haryana (4,483) and otherStates/UTs (23,420) 83.3 per cent of all road accident fatalities occurred in thirteen states[Table 4.2]. The highest number of persons killed per lakh of population was also in TamilNadu (22.1 per cent), leaving out Lakshadweep, where there was no road accident fatality.Nagaland reported the lowest number of road accident fatalities per lakh of population at (3.5per cent).

13.7%

12.6%

10.9%

8.9%

7.4%6.3%

5.0%

5.0%

4.8%

4.1%

2.8%

2.6%

2.2%13.7%

Chart 4.1: Percentage Share in Total Number of RoadAccidents, 2014

Tamil Nadu

Maharashtra

Madhya Pradesh

Karnata a

Kerala

!ttar Pradesh

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u#arat

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13

Table 4.2: Top* 13 States: Share in Total Number ofPersons Killed in Road Accidents (in %) in 2014Share of 13 States 83.3

1. Uttar Pradesh 11.72. Tamil Nadu 10.93. Maharashtra 9.24. Karnataka 7.5

5. Rajasthan 7.46. Madhya Pradesh 6.17. Gujarat 5.78. Andhra Pradesh 5.79. Telangana 4.910. West Bengal 4.211. Bihar 3.512. Punjab 3.313. Haryana 3.2

*: Top 13 according to their respective shares in 2014

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Chart 4.2: Percentage Share in Total Number of Persons Killed inRoad Accidents (in %), 2014

)tt%r Pr%des'

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4.3 Number of Persons Injured in Road Accidents

As reported by the States/UTs about 4,93,474 persons were injured in road accidents in thecountry during the calendar year 2014. Out of these 87.5 per cent was accounted by theThirteen States of Tamil Nadu (77,725) followed by Karnataka (56,831), Madhya Pradesh(55,335), Kerala (41,096), Maharashtra (40,455), Andhra Pradesh (29,931), Rajasthan(27,453), Gujarat (22,493), Uttar Pradesh (22,337), Telangana (21,636), Chhattisgarh (13,157),West Bengal (12,018), and Odisha (11,087).

Table 4.3: Top* 13 States: Share in Total Number of Persons Injured in RoadAccidents (in %) in 2014Share of 13 States 87.51. Tamil Nadu 15.82. Karnataka 11.53. Madhya Pradesh 11.24. Kerala 8.35 .Maharashtra 8.26. Andhra Pradesh 6.17. Rajasthan 5.68. Gujarat 4.69.Uttar Pradesh 4.510. Telangana 4.411. Chhattisgarh 2.712. West Bengal 2.413. Odisha 2.2*: Top 13 according to their respective shares in 2014


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Table 4.1 to 4.3 describes the top 13 States which accounted for more than 80% of roadaccidents, persons killed and injured in road accidents in the country. There has been a shift inthe ranking amongst the top 13 States of the country from the previous year which may beaccrued to improvements by some states as well as by the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh intoTelangana and Andhra Pradesh.

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5.6"

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Chart 4.3: Percentage Share in Total Number of Persons Injured inRoad Accidents (in %), 2014

$%mil N%du

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Section V: Type of Road Accidents

Tamil Nadu accounted for 14,165 fatal accidents followed by Uttar Pradesh (13,842)and Maharashtra(11,528). Kerala (23,812) ranked first in the number of grievously injuryaccidents followed by Uttar Pradesh (13,916) Maharashtra (13,157) and Karnataka (12,742).

Minor injury accidents was highest in Tamil Nadu (45,100) followed by Madhya Pradesh(36,160) and Karnataka (16,783). Type of road accidents, State/UT–wise in India is given inAnnexure-VI.

5.1 Severity of Road Accidents

In 2014, the highest accident severity (road accident death per 100 accidents) wasreported in Mizoram (78.0%), followed by Punjab (72.3%), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (67.8%) andUttarakhand (62.3%). The State/UT–wise severity of road accidents in India is given inAnnexure-VII and chart 5.1

5.2 Accidents classified according to type of Injuries (Grievous Injury and Minor Injury)

During the year 2014 the state of Karnataka ranked highest (26,628) in the total number ofpersons grievously injured in the country followed by Kerala (26,219), Maharashtra (23,175)and Uttar Pradesh (14,786). Persons with minor injuries in road accidents were the highest inTamil Nadu (70,344) followed by Madhya Pradesh (48,850), Karnataka (30,203) and Rajasthan(21,112). The total number of grievously injured and minor injured persons in the countryduring the calendar year 2014 were 1,77,839 and 3,15,635 respectively. The States/UT wisedistribution is given Annexure-IX.


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10.0

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Chart 5.1 : Severity of Road Accidents across States/UTs d ring !"1#


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Section VI: Road Accidents, Deaths, Injuries and Severity inMillion Plus Cities

Census of India 2011 has reported 53 Million Plus Cities. Out of these 53 cities, 50Million Plus Cities reported road accident data for 2014. These 50 Million Plus Cities accountedfor a share of 22.7 per cent in total road accidents in the country during 2014 as well as in 2013.In Million Plus Cities during 2014, 11.9 per cent persons were killed in road accidents asagainst 12.4 per cent in 2013.Whereas, 16.8 per cent persons were injured in road accidents inthe country during 2014 as against 16.2 per cent in 2013. This is indicated in (Table 6.1).

An important accident related parameter is the extent of accident severity (road accidentrelated deaths per 100 accidents). It varies from a low of 2.4 per cent in Mumbai to a high of66.9 per cent in Ludhiana (Table 6.2). The other cities which reported a very high accidentseverity included Dhanbad (59.4 per cent), Amritsar (57.0 per cent), Varanasi (56.2 per cent),and Agra (50.6 per cent). This is depicted in Chart 6.1.

An illustrative table indicating the total number of accidents, persons killed and injuredwith details on grievous injuries, minor injuries and non-injuries in the 50 Million plus cities isat Annexure – XLIII.

Table 6.1 : Percentage Share of 50 Million Plus Cities in Road Accidents

S. no Accidents/Deaths/Injuries 2013 2014

1 All Accidents 22.7 22.7

2 Fatal Accidents 13.1 12.8

3 Persons Killed 12.4 11.9

4 Persons Injured 16.2 16.8

Out of these fifty Million plus Cities Mumbai had the highest number of road accidents (22,570)during 2014 as against (23,512) in 2013, while Delhi had the highest number of deaths (1671)due to road accidents during 2014 as against 1820 during 2013.

Accident severity in terms of percentage share of 50 Million Plus cities was 15.0 per cent in 2014as against 15.4 per cent in 2013. The fatal accidents in terms of percentage have declined from13.1 during 2013 to 12.8 in the year 2014. Percentage share of persons killed have also reducedfrom 12.4 during 2013 to 11.9 in the year 2014.(Table 6.1)


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Table 6.2 : Road Accident Profile of Million Plus Cities (2014)Sl.No.

Name of Cities FatalAccidents

TotalAccidents

Killed Injured Severity

1 Agra 405 995 503 747 50.62 Ahmedabad 256 1,642 262 1,597 16.03 Allahabad 454 1,101 481 758 43.74 Amritsar 89 165 94 125 57.05 Asansol Durgapur 195 443 210 284 47.46 Aurangabad 161 560 170 578 30.47 Bengaluru 703 5,004 729 4,098 14.68 Bhopal 199 3,459 236 2,601 6.89 Chandigarh 124 369 131 335 35.5

10 Chennai 1,083 9,610 1,118 9,355 11.611 Coimbatore 272 1,594 282 1,465 17.712 Delhi 1,629 8,623 1,671 8,283 19.413 Dhanbad 60 106 63 77 59.414 Faridabad 253 719 259 466 36.015 Ghaziabad 370 897 387 647 43.116 Gwalior 200 1,959 220 1,630 11.217 Hyderabad 409 2,908 411 2,561 14.118 Indore 410 5,784 439 4,848 7.6

19 Jabalpur 305 3,124 317 3,074 10.120 Jaipur 410 1,920 432 1,693 22.521 Jamshedpur 91 238 92 163 38.722 Jodhpur 187 553 257 505 46.523 Kannur 72 570 77 909 13.524 Kanpur 530 1,251 600 941 48.025 Khozikode 151 1,177 159 1,253 13.526 Kochi 134 2,257 136 2,264 6.027 Kolkata 431 4,561 450 3,604 9.928 Kollam 206 1,703 217 1,768 12.729 Kota 117 768 125 771 16.330 Lucknow 515 1,356 537 838 39.631 Ludhiana 318 475 318 271 66.9

32 Madurai 100 691 101 643 14.633 Mallapuram 336 2,719 357 3,305 13.134 Meerut 337 1,047 387 916 37.035 Mumbai 512 22,570 534 3,938 2.436 Nagpur 263 1,149 281 1,091 24.537 Nashik 165 1,070 172 494 16.138 Patna 493 1,193 493 682 41.339 Pune 378 1,572 399 1,402 25.440 Raipur 425 2,097 442 1,452 21.141 Rajkot 140 770 150 690 19.542 Srinagar 51 374 58 393 15.543 Surat 246 974 267 817 27.4

44 Thiruvanthapuram 165 2,007 175 2,371 8.745 Thrissur 103 1,317 107 1,417 8.146 Tiruchirapalli 168 711 180 766 25.347 Vadodra 201 1,161 217 990 18.748 Varanasi 202 411 231 190 56.249 Vijaywada city 314 1,669 335 1,578 20.150 Vizaq 329 1,565 342 1,356 21.9

Total 50 Million Plus Cities 15,745 1,10,958 16,611 83,000 15.0All India Total 1,22,589 4,89,400 1,39,617 4,93,474 28.5

Note: * Accident Severity: Road Accident deaths per 100 accidents


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Chart 6.1: Accident Severity in Million Plus Cities 2014


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Section VII: Accidents, Deaths and Injuries in terms ofClassification of Roads

National Highways accounted for a share of 28.2 per cent in total road accidents and

34.1 per cent in total number of persons killed in road accidents during 2014. The StateHighways accounted for a share of 25.2 per cent of total accidents and 29.1 per cent in thetotal number of persons killed in road accidents during same period of time (Tables 7.1 and7.2)

Whereas Other Roads accounted for highest share of 46.6 per cent in total roadaccidents and 36.8 per cent in total number of persons killed in road accidents during 2014.State- wise break up of accidents, injuries and fatalities due to road accidents on stretches ofNational and State Highways in India are given in Annexure – XII to XVIII.

Chart 7.1 depicts the percentage share of accidents, persons killed and injured as per

road classification during the calendar year 2014.

Table 7.1 : Percentage Share of National Highways, State Highways and Other Roadsin Total Road Accidents, Persons Killed and Injured: 2002 to 2014

Year National Highways State Highways Other RoadsRoad

AccidentsPersonsKilled

PersonsInjured

RoadAccidents

PersonsKilled

PersonsInjured

RoadAccidents

PersonsKilled

PersonsInjured

2002 32.3 39.7 32.4 23.5 27.2 25.4 44.2 33.1 42.2

2003 31.4 38.6 30.1 22.4 28.2 26.7 46.2 33.2 43.22004 30.3 37.5 30.8 23.5 26.9 24.9 46.2 35.6 44.32005 29.6 37.3 31.3 23.6 27.2 25.7 46.8 35.5 43.02006 30.4 37.7 30.8 18.5 26.8 24.9 51.1 35.5 44.32007 29 35.5 30.2 24.4 27.7 26.2 46.6 36.8 43.62008 28.5 35.6 28.6 25.6 28.4 27.5 45.9 36 43.92009 29.3 36 29.6 23.8 27.1 25.5 46.9 36.9 44.92010 30 36.1 31.3 24.5 27.3 26.0 45.5 36.6 42.72011 30.1 37.1 30.5 24.6 27.4 26.1 45.3 35.5 43.4

2012 29.1 35.3 30.1 24.2 27.3 25.9 46.7 37.4 44.02013 28.1 33.2 28.9 25.6 29.6 27.6 46.3 37.2 43.52014 28.2 34.1 29.9 25.2 29.1 26.8 46.6 36.8 43.3


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Table 7.2 : Number of Accidents, Persons Killed & Injured as per Road Classification(2014)

Road Classification NationalHighways

StateHighways

OtherRoads

No. of Accidents 1,37,903 (28.2) 1,23,408 (25.2) 2,28,089 (46.6)No. of Persons Killed 47,649 (34.1) 40,678 (29.1) 51,344 (36.8)No. of Persons Injured 1,47,696 (29.9) 1,31,959 (26.8) 2,13,819(43.3)Note: Figures within parentheses indicate share in total accidents, killed and injured in the respectiveroad categories.

2#.2

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5

10

15

20

25

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Accident Killed Injured

Chart $.1: Percentage Share of Accidents% Persons &i''ed n* red as +er RoadC'assification (!"1#)

N%tion%l i,' % s t%te i,' % s t'er *o%ds


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Section VIII: Spatial Distribution of Road Accidents(Urban vis-à-vis Rural)

An analysis of road accidents in urban and rural areas for the calendar year 2014reveals that rural areas are prone to accidents. The total number of road accidents in rural

areas were 2,62,985 while number of accidents in urban areas were only 2,26,415. Thepercentage share of accidents in rural areas and urban areas were 53.7 and 46.3 respectivelyin total number of accidents in the country. The percentage of road accident fatalities 59.4 percent and injuries 58.0 per cent were more in rural areas as compared to the percentage shareof road accidents fatalities 40.6 per cent and injuries 42.0 per cent in urban areas respectively.This indicates that significant improvement in rural infrastructure is required for reducingaccidents in rural areas. This is indicated in Table 8.1. Detailed State/UT-wise informationmay be seen at Annexure-X. A comparative picture of road accidents, persons killed andinjured in urban and rural areas is illustrated in Chart 8.1

Table 8.1 : Total Accidents, Persons Killed and Injured in Rural & Urban Areasduring 2014

(in Numbers)

Category Fatal Accidents Total Accidents Person Killed Person Injured

Urban Area48,990 (38.9) 2,26,415(46.3) 56,663(40.6) 2,07,441(42.0)

Rural Area76,838 (61.1) 2,62,985(53.7) 83,008(59.4) 2,86,033(58.0)

Total1,25,828 (100.0) 4,89,400(100.0) 1,39,671(100.0) 4,93,474(100.0)

Note: Figures in parentheses indicate share of the total.


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In the above context, it may be mentioned that during the calendar year 2013, the total numberof road accidents that had occurred in rural areas were 54.2 percent as against 53.7 per cent in2014 and fatalities accounted for 61.8 per cent during the calendar year 2013 in the country asagainst 59.4 per cent during 2014. The injury due to road accidents was at 59.8 percent during

2013 as against 58.0 percent in 2014. It indicates marginal improvements during 2014 in termsof total accidents, persons killed and injured as compared to the year 2013 in rural areas.

226,415262,985

489,400

56,66383,008

139,671

207,441

286,033

493,474

0

100=000

200=000

300=000

400=000

500=000

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Chart ,.1: Tota' Accidents% Persons &i''ed and n* red in Ur-an R ra' Areas ( !"1#)

$ot%l Accidents Person Killed Person Injured


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Section IX: Based on Accidents classified in terms ofinvolvement by Vehicle type

Motorized vehicles accounted for 93.5 per cent of the total road accidents during thecalendar year 2014. Amongst the vehicle categories, two-wheelers accounted for the highestshare in total road accidents (27.3 per cent) in 2014 followed by cars, jeeps and taxis (22.7 percent); trucks, tempos, tractors and other Articulated vehicles (19.7 per cent), Other motor

vehicles (9 per cent), buses (8.4 per cent) and Auto-Rickshaws (6.4 per cent). During 2013, twowheelers accounted for 26.3 percent of accidents and cars, jeeps & taxis were responsible for22.2 percent of accidents. The total number and percentage share of accidents, persons killedand injured during 2014 based on the involvement by vehicle type is indicated in table 9.1.Details of accidents in terms of vehicle typology are given in Annexure-XXIII. The category oftrucks, tempos, tractors and other Articulated vehicles accounted for the highest proportion ofpersons killed (25.6 per cent) out of the total number of persons killed in the country during thecalendar year 2014.

Table 9.1: Total number of accidents, persons killed and injured based on theinvolvement by vehicle type during 2014

Number of Road Accidents Number of Persons

Fatal Total Killed Injured

Two-Wheelers 30,064(23.9)1,33,634

(27.3)32,524(23.3)

1,27,452(25.8)

Auto-Rickshaws 5,553(4.4)31,172

(6.4)6,279(4.5)

40,848(8.3)

Cars, Jeeps, Taxis 22,803(18.1)1,11,218

(22.7)26,038(18.6)

1,13,413(23.0)

Buses 10,710(8.5)41,365

(8.4)12,185

(8.7)51,356(10.4)

Trucks, Tempos, Tractorsand other Articulatedvehicles

32,081(25.5)

96,215(19.7)

35,711(25.6)

94,532(19.2)

Other Motor Vehicles14,603(11.6)

43,981(9.0)

15,380(11.0)

39,006(7.9)

Non-MotorizedVehicles/Objects*

10,014(8.0)

31,815(6.5)

11,554(8.3)

26,867(5.4)

Note: Two-Wheelers include motor cycles, scooters and mopeds. *Non-Motorized Vehicles/Objects include cycles, cycle rickshaws, hand-drawn vehicles,

pedestrians, animals, trees, level-crossings and other fixed objects. ** Figures in parenthesis are the percentage share

The share of various vehicle categories in total road accidents, persons killed and personsinjured in road accidents is illustrated in Chart 9.1.


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The share of accidents, person

injured in the country causedhand-drawn and animal drawnrespectively. Chart 9.2 illustratpersons killed and injured. Thepersons killed and injured cause

Buses, 8.4

Trucks, Tempos,MAVs, Tractors, 19.7

Other Motor Vehicles,9.0

Chart 9.1 : Perceof

1.!

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Accident

Chart .! : 0-e

26

s killed and injured in total accidents, perso

y non-motorized vehicles such as cycles, cyvehicles are 1.74 per cent, 2.28 per cent ands the percentage share of non-motorized vehiStates/UT wise distribution of total numberby non-motorized vehicle is given at Annexur

Two W

Auto

Car, Jeeps, Taxis, 22.7

Non-Motorizedvehicles/Objects, 6.5

tage Share in Total Road Accidents by Tyotor Vehicle Involved : 2014

2.3

1.5

Killed Injured

of accidents% +ersons i''ed and in* red d e tn23otorised vehic'es : !"1#

ns killed and

le rickshaws,1.47 per centcle accidents,of accidents/-XXIV.

eelers, 27.3

Rickshaws, 6.4

pe


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27

Persons killed in road accidents in terms of Road User Categories

Two-wheelers (29.3 per cent) are the most vulnerable and unprotected road userskilled in road accidents in the country. Other road users killed in road accidents are cars,taxies, vans and other light and medium motor vehicles (16.3 per cent), other motor vehicles(12.6 per cent), trucks (12.3 per cent), pedestrians (8.8 per cent), buses (8.7 per cent), autorickshaws (5.1 per cent) and others (4.0 per cent). This is portrayed in Chart 9.3. State/UT-

wise data in respect of number of persons killed in road accidents in term of road usercategories is given in Annexure-XXXVII.

* Includes: Animal Drawn Vehicles, Cycle Rickshaws, Hand Carts, Rickshaws and OtherPersons

Pedestrians,.,4 icyc'es

!. 4

T6o27hee'ers! .84

A to2Ric sha6s5.14

Car% Ta9is% ansand ;ther #."4

Chart 9.3 : Total Number of Persons Killed in Road Accidents interms of Road User Categories: 2014


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29

Section XI: Nature and Causes of Road Accidents

The analysis of road accidents in terms of causal factors reveals that drivers’ fault issingle most important factor responsible for accidents, followed by fault of drivers of othervehicles, defects in motor vehicles, defect in road conditions and faults of pedestrians.Drivers’ fault accounted for 78.8 per cent of total road accidents, 73.7 per cent of the totalnumber of persons killed and 81.1 per cent of the total number of persons injured in roadaccidents during 2014. This is shown in Table 11.1 and Chart 11.1. Faults of the cyclists andpedestrians appear to be of marginal consequence having a share of 0.8 per cent and 1.5 percent, respectively, in road accidents during 2014. Cyclists and pedestrians were responsiblefor about 1.2 per cent and 1.9 per cent, respectively, of total number of persons killed in roadaccidents. Causes of accidents across the States/UTs are provided in Annexure-XXVII.

Table 11.1: Accidents classified according to Causes: 2014Accidents Killed Injured

Fault of Driver 3,78,992 1,02,878 3,93,340Fault of Cyclist 4,067 1,564 3,833Fault of Driver of other vehicles 20,876 5,295 16,148Fault of Pedestrian 7,191 2,555 6,331Defect in Condition of MotorVehicle 9,196 3,548 8,450Defect in Road Condition 8,356 3,463 7,496Weather Condition 5,961 2,554 5,477Fault of Passenger 6,721 2,678 6,101Poor light 4,210 1,802 4,394Falling of boulders 1,664 744 1,988Neglect of civic bodies 2,188 915 1,867Stray animals 1,892 774 2,237Other causes/ Causes not known 29,463 10,901 27,529* Total no. of accidents and persons injured may not tally due to data not reported fromDelhi


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11.1 During 2014, within thedue to ‘Exceeding lawful speed’3,78,992 accidents) and 56.2 pewise details are given at Annexu

11.2 Intake of alcohol / drufatalities in 2014. As a propoalcohol/drugs accounted for 5.0are given at Annexure-XXXII.

".,4

#.84 1.54

1. 4

1.$4

1.!41.#4

". 4 ".84".54

".#4

Chart 11.1:

30

ategory of drivers’ fault, accidents caused an, accounted for a high share of 55.0 per cent (cent (57,844 out of 1,02,878 deaths), respecti

re-XXXII.

gs by drivers resulted in 18,916 road accid tion of total road accidents and fatalities dper cent and 6.8 per cent respectively. State/

$,.,4

=.14

Ca ses of Road Accidents: !"1#

;%ult of ri er

;%ult of clist

;%ult of ri er of o

;%ult of Pedestri%

efect in onditio

efect in *o%d o

e%t'er onditio

;%ult of P%ssen,er

Poor li,'t

;%llin, of boulders

Ne,lect of ci ic botr% %nim%ls

t'er c%uses> %u

persons killed,08,271 out of

ely. State/UT-

nts and 6,968e to intake ofT-wise details

t'er e'icles

of &otor 8e'icle

dition

dies

ses not (no n


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31

Analysis of other parameters of road accidents:

• During the year 2014, overloaded vehicles caused 91,335 road accidents and 26,809accidental deaths. It constituted a share of 18.7 per cent and 19.2 per cent respectivelyin total road accidents and fatalities in the country. However, during 2013 overloadingof vehicles accounted for 95,441 road accidents (19.6 per cent) and 28,655 roadaccident fatalities (20.8 per cent) respectively. The States/UT wise distribution is givenat Annexure-XXXV.

• During the calendar year 2014, the total number of Hit and Run cases reported were53,334 which were higher by 7.6 per cent as compared to 49,576 accidents reportedin the year 2013. The number of persons killed due to Hit and Run cases reportedwere 19,569 which were higher by 4.6 per cent in 2014 as compared to the precedingyear. State/U.Ts wise details are given in Annexure - XXVI

• Defective vehicles are also one of the reasons for accidents. 23,645 accidents and7,179 deaths occurred during 2014, due to defective vehicles accounting for a share of4.9 percent and 5.2 per cent respectively in total road accidents and deaths in thecountry. The States/UTs wise distribution is given at Annexure-XXXIII.

• It has been observed that 3,10,121 accidents occurred during fine weather conditionswhich constituted a share of 64.5 per cent of the total road accidents in the country.Some of the other accidents based on weather conditions are rain, Mist/fog, Duststorm etc. The State/UT wise distribution is given at Annexure-XXII.

• Accidents due to Head on Collision was as high as 99,889 during 2014 resulting in27,740 deaths accounting for a share of 20.8 per cent and 19.9 per cent respectively intotal road accidents and fatalities in the country. Overturning, Rear end Collision andHit and Run cases are also high next to Head on Collision cases. The States/UT wisedistribution is given at Annexure-XXVI.

• Potholes accounted for a share of 2.3 per cent (11,106 road accidents) and 2.2 per cent(3,039 road accident fatalities) during 2014. The State/UT-wise details indicatingvarious road conditions are given at Annexure-XXXVIII.

• Speed breakers accounted for 2.3 per cent (11,008 road accidents) and 2.6 per cent(3,633 road accident fatalities) during 2014. The State/UT-wise details indicatingvarious road conditions are given at Annexure-XXXVIII.

• Some of the factors responsible for accidents are also based on locations such as nearor inside villages, near religious places, near hospitals etc. 1,47,948 accidents and45,361 resultant deaths occurred at open area with a share of about 30.7 percent and32.9 per cent respectively. Near or inside village locations constituted about 65,320accidents and 21,081 deaths with a share of 13.6 per cent and 15.3 per centrespectively . The State/UT-wise details are given at Annexure-XIX.


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32

Section XII: Classification based on Age of Vehicles

Based on classification of age of vehicles, during the calendar year 2014, vehicles rangingfrom 2 to 4 years old recorded the highest number of accidents (86,956) in the country,accounting for a share of 18.1 per cent in total road accident(excluding Delhi andChandigarh) with 24,494 deaths and 93,140 injuries. The State/UT wise distribution is given

at Annexure-XXV. The table indicating the total number of accidents, persons killed andinjured is shown in table 12.1 and Chart 12.1 indicates the percentage share in accidentsbased on age of the vehicles.

Table 12.1 Total number of accidents, persons killed and injured based on Age ofVehicles (2014)

Accidents Killed InjuredLess than 1 year 62,567 17,468 63,8541 - 2 Years 79,728 22,128 80,4042 - 4 Years 86,956 24,494 93,1404 - 6 Years 79,380 23,185 82,0946 - 8 Years 63,888 18,434 65,0928 - 10 Years 49,833 14,488 49,61510 Years and above 58,056 17,672 50,657

* Total no. of accidents and persons injured may not tally due to not reporting from Delhi and Chandigarh

13.0

16.61#.1

16.5

13.3

10.412.1

0.02.0

4.0

6.0

#.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

1#.0

20.0


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33

Section XIII: Classification based on Age of Persons Killed(Gender wise) in Road Accidents

The gender wise comparison in respect of male and female in accidental deaths revealed thatthe total number of males and females killed during the calendar year 2014 were 1,12,863(80.8 per cent) and 26,808 (19.2 per cent)respectively. During 2014, age group between 25-34 years was most vulnerable to road accidental death. The total number of persons killed inroad accidents amongst male and female in the age group 25-34 years were 22,545(20 percent) and 4,784 (17.8 per cent) respectively. This is depicted in Chart 13.1.The States/UTswise distribution is given at Annexure-XXVIII.

Table 13.1: Age of Persons Killed (Gender wise )Male Female

Less than 5 years 433 2116-9 Years 1,103 55810-14 Years 2,880 1,26915-17 Years 5,905 1,73218-20 Years 12,789 3,07221- 24 Years 20,385 3,83625- 34 Years 22,545 4,78435- 44 Years 19,635 4,27145- 54 Years 13,895 3,04255-64 Years 7,009 1,988

65 and Above 3,274 1,241Unknown Age 3,010 804

Total 1,12,863(80.8) 26,808(19.2)*Figures in parenthesis are percentage of persons killed in total accidents


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34

".# 1."!.=

5.!

11.8

1,.1

!"."

1$.#

1!.8

=.!

!. !.$".,

!.1

#.$=.5

11.5

1#.8

1$.,

15.

11.8

$.#

#.=8."

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0


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35

Section XIV: Age profile of Road Accident victims (Passengersand drivers)

Young people in the productive age group lose their lives in road accidents every year.Premature deaths of such young people cause substantial loss of productivity to the nation.The detailed age profile of road accidents victims for the calendar year 2014 reveals that the

age group 15 to 34 years accounted for the largest share of 53.8 per cent (75048 persons) intotal road accident fatalities, followed by age group of 35 to 64 years accounting for a shareof 35.7 per cent (49840 persons). The details of other age profiles are indicated in table 14.1and chart 14.1 respectively. The details of fatalities in respect of male and female category areat Annexure XXIX.

Table 14.1: Age profile of Road Accident victims (Passengers as well as drivers)

Age - group Number of persons killed0-14 6,454 (4.6)15-34 75,048 (53.8)35-64 49,840 (35.7)65 & Above 4,515 (3.2)Unknown age 3,814 (2.7)Total 1,39,671

*Figures in parenthesis are percentage of persons killed in total accidents

*

4.6

53.#

35.!

3.2 2.!

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0-14 15-34 35-64 65 @ Abo e )n(no n %,e

Chart 14.1: Age profile of Road Accident victims (Passengers

as well as drivers) during 2014


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36

Section XV: Accidents based on classification of Junction Type

Traffic Junctions are prone to accidents. During the calendar year 2014, the highest numberof accidents occurred at T-Junctions causing 92,411 accidents with a share of 33.1 per cent ofthe total road accidents. The details regarding total accidents, persons killed and injured aregiven in table15.1. The percentage wise distribution of accidents at junctions is depicted atcharts 15.1.The States/UT wise distribution is given at Annexure-XL.

Table 15.1 Total number of accidents, persons killed and injured based onJunction Type (2014)

Accidents Killed InjuredT-Junction 92,411 23,420 89,904Y-Junction 54,017 13,897 47,905Four arm Junction 42,891 11,789 41,934Staggered Junction 32,124 9,301 25,137Junction with > 4 arms 32,202 7,518 34,109Round about Junction 15,999 4,465 13,929Manned Rail Crossing 2,085 715 1,994Unmanned Rail Crossing 7,467 2,310 7,571

33.1

19.4

15.4

11.5

11.5

5.!

0.!

2.!

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

$- unction

?- unction

;our %rm unction

t%,,ered unction

unction it' 4 %rms

*ound %bout unction

&%nned *%il rossin,

)nm%nned *%il rossin,

Chart 15.1: Accidents C'assified according to Ty+e of ? nctions (!"1#)


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Section XVI: AccidentJunction

If we examine accidents at traffibe seen that the maximum numcaused 2,13,322 accidents with

category. The details regardingareas indicating the total accideChart 16.1 depicts the percentagControlled/ Police controlled. TXLI.

Table 16.1 : Total Number o

Traffic Light Signal

Police Controlled

Stop Sign

Flashing Signal/Blinker

Uncontrolled

!6.4

Chart 1=.1 : Accity+e

37

at Traffic/ Police controlled area

/police controlled areas and uncontrolled areasber of accidents occurred at uncontrolled areaa share of (76.4 percent) in total road accident

road accidents at Traffic Controlled/ Police cots; persons killed and injured are given in tadistribution of accidents based on accidents a

he States/UT wise distribution is given at A

Road Accidents Classified based on variousof Traffic Control

Accident Killed Inju

27,173 5,010 24,

14,849 3,285 8,9

11,496 2,670 8,8

12,484 4,171 13,

2,13,324 58,381 2,06,

9.!5.3

4.14.5

dents c'assified according to vario sof traffic contro' (!"1#)

$r%ffic


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Section XVII: Classific

The owner of private vehicles wpublic commercial vehicle (97details regarding total accidentsvehicle are given in table 17.1.

based on persons driving theAnnexure-XLII.

Table 17.1 : Total Numbe

Owner of Private VehicleOwner of Public CommercialPaid DriverOthers* Total no. of accidents and persChandigarh and Delhi** Information pertains to Drivers onl

2!.2

16.!

Chart 17.1 :

38

ation based on Persons Driving tand Type of Licence

ere involved in 1, 71,490 accidents followed b,433), paid driver (1,30,770) and others (80

, persons killed and injured based on personshart 17.1 depicts the percentage distribution o

vehicle. The States/UTs wise distribution i

of Road Accidents Classified based on PersDriving the Vehicle

Accident Kille1,71,490 17,

ehicle 97,433 12,1,30,770 15,80,410 10,

ns kil led may not tally due to not reporting from N

y

35.!

20.3

ccidents classified based on Owner oDriving the Vehicles

ner of Pri %t

ner of Publicommerci%l 8e'i

P%id ri er

t'ers

e Vehicle

y owner of,410). The

riving thef accidents

given at

ns

d**94591045agaland,

8e'icle

cle


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Similarly, the owner of regular lifollowed by holder of learners litype of licences. This is depictedistribution is given at Annexure

Table 17.2 : Total Number ofType of LicenceRegular LicenceLearner's LicenceWithout Licence* Total no. of accidents and personsChandigarh and Delhi** Information pertains to Drivers onl

10.6#.2

Chart 17.2: Acci

39

cence were involved in more number of accide ence (50,815) and persons without licence (39,

in table 17.2 and Chart 17.2.The States/UTs w-XLII.

Road Accidents Classified based on Type ofAccident3,89,97450,81539,314

illed may not tally due to not reporting from Nagaland,

y

#1.2

dents classified based on Type of Lice

*e


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40

Section XVIII: International Comparison

According to World Road Statistics 2014 published by International Road Federation,Geneva there is lower incidence of deaths per 100,000 in Australia, Canada, France,Japan, New Zealand, Poland, etc. while comparing it with India. However, road accidentrelated deaths remained at 11 per 100,000 populations in case of Republic of Korea,United States of America and that of India. Incidence of road accident related deaths werehigher in Russian Federation (20) and that of Mauritius (12) in comparison to India (Chart18.1).

6 6

3 5 6

4

1 1

3 4

1 1 1 2

4

7

4 3

9 7

2 0

3 3

1 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

A u s t r a l i a

C a n a d a

D e n m a r k

F i n l a n d

F r a n c e

G e r m a n y

I n d i a

I s r a e l

J a p a n

! r e a " $ e p u % l i c ! &

' a u r i t i u s

' e ( i c !

) e * + e a l a n d

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) ! r * a y

- ! l a n d

- ! r t u , a l

$ u s s i a n F e d e r a t i ! n

. i n , a p ! r e

/ n i t e d i n , d ! m

/ n i t e d . t a t e s ! & A m e r i c a

Chart 18.1: Country-wise Number of Persons Killed per100,000 Population


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41

Table 18.1: Cross Country Comparison of Incidence of Road related Deaths andInjury Accidents in 2012

Sl. No. Country Killed per 100,000

Population

Injury Accidents per

100,000 Population1 Australia 6 52 Canada 6 3523 Denmark 3 564 Finland 5 1065 France 6 926 Germany 4 3737 India 11 408 Israel 3 1589 Japan 4 521

10 Korea, Republic of 11 44711 Mauritius 12 20112 Mexico 4 1113 New Zealand 7 21714 Niger 4 4815 Norway 3 12316 Poland 9 9617 Portugal 7 28418 Russian Federation 20 142

19 Singapore 3 13520 United Kingdom 3 229

21United States ofAmerica

11 530

Note: Injury accident refers to road accident resulting in at least one injury or death.Sources: 1. For India – Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport &Highways.

2. For Other Countries – World Road Statistics , 2014.

Injury accidents per lakh of population in India was substantially lower at around (40)

during 2012 when compared with other developed countries. United States of Americareported the highest figure in respect of injury accidents per lakh population at (530) followedby Japan (521), Republic of Korea (447), Germany (373) and Canada (352). Australiareported the lowest figure in respect of injury accidents per lakh population at (5). A crosscountry comparison of incidence of road accident related deaths and injury accidents of selectcountries are given in Table 18.1 .


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42

Section XIX : Road Safety Initiatives by the Government of India

19.1 National Road Safety Policy The Union Cabinet, in its meeting held on 15.03.2010, approved National Road Safety Policy.The National Road Safety Policy outlines the policy initiatives to be framed / taken by theGovernment at all levels to improve the road safety activities in the country which are asunder:-

PreambleThe Government of India is deeply concerned about the growth in the number of roadaccidents, Injuries and fatalities in recent years. It recognizes that road accidents have nowbecome a major Public Health issue and the victims are mainly the poor and vulnerable roadusers.

The Government of India further recognizes that as road accidents involve roads, motor

vehicles and also the human beings, road safety needs to be addressed on holistic basis. It alsorecognizes that regardless of jurisdictions, the Central and State Governments have a jointresponsibility in reducing the incidence of road accidents, injuries and fatalities.

In the light of this, the Government of India, through National Road Safety Policy, states itscommitment to bring about a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity resulting fromroad accidents.

19.2 Policy Statement

In order to achieve a significant improvement in road safety, the Government of India iscommitted to:

(i) Raise Awareness about Road Safety Issues

The Government would increase its efforts to promote awareness about the various aspects ofroad safety, the social and economic implications of road accidents and what needs to be doneto curb the rising menace of road accidents. This would enable and empower the differentstakeholders to play a meaningful role in promoting road safety.

(ii) Establish a Road Safety Information Database

The Government will provide assistance to local bodies, Union Territories and States toimprove upon the quality of crash investigation and of data collection, transmission andanalysis. A National Road Safety Information System will be established for providing

continuity and policy Guidelines to this activity.

(iii) Ensure Safer Road Infrastructure

The Government will take measures to review standards pertaining to safety in the design ofrural and urban roads and bring them in consonance with international best practices keeping inview Indian traffic conditions. Continuing application of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)under a national framework to establish a safe and efficient transport system will beencouraged.


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43

(iv) Safer Vehicles

The Government will take steps to ensure that safety features are built in at the stage of design,manufacture, usage, operation and maintenance of both motorized and non-motorized vehiclesin line with international standards and practices in order to minimize adverse safety andenvironmental effects of vehicle operation on road users (including pedestrians and bicyclists)

and infrastructure.

(v) Safer Drivers

The Government will strengthen the system of driver licensing and training to improve thecompetence and capability of drivers.

(vi) Safety of Vulnerable Road Users

The design and construction of all road facilities (rural and urban) will take into account theneeds of non-motorized transport and the vulnerable and physically challenged in an

appropriate manner. The Government will seek to disseminate 'best practices' in this regard totown planners, architects, and highway and traffic engineers.

(vii) Road Traffic Safety Education and Training

Road safety knowledge and awareness will be created amongst the population througheducation, training and publicity campaigns. Road safety education will also focus on schoolchildren and college going students while road safety publicity campaigns will be used topropagate good road safety practices among the community. The Government will encourageall professionals associated with road design, road construction, road network management,traffic management and law enforcement to attain adequate knowledge of road safety issues.

(viii) Enforcement of Safety Laws

The Government will take appropriate measures to assist various state and other governmentsto strengthen and improve the quality of enforcement in order to ensure effective and uniformimplementation of safety laws. The Government will actively encourage the establishment andstrengthening of highway Patrolling on National and State Highways in cooperation with StateGovernments and Union Territories as appropriate.

(ix) Emergency Medical Services for Road Accidents

The Government will strive to ensure that all persons involved in road accidents benefit fromspeedy and effective trauma care and management. The essential functions of such a servicewould include the provision of rescue operation and administration of first aid at the site of anaccident and the transport of the victim from accident site to nearby hospital. Hospitalsalongside the National Highways and State Highways would be adequately equipped toprovide for trauma care and rehabilitation.


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44

(x) HRD & Research for Road Safety

The Government will encourage increased activity in programmes of road safety research byidentifying priority areas, funding research in those areas adequately and establishing centers ofexcellence in research and academic institutions. The government will facilitate disseminationof the result of research and identified examples of good practices through publication,training, conferences, workshops and websites.

(xi) Strengthening Enabling Legal, Institutional and Financial Environment for RoadSafety

The Government will take appropriate measures to ensure that the required legal, institutionaland financial environment for road safety is further strengthened and a mechanism for effectivecoordination of various stakeholders is put in place. The reforms in these areas would providefor the active and extensive participation of the community at large, of the private sector,academia and NGOs.

19.3 Implementation Strategy

The government has decided to establish a dedicated agency viz. a National Road Safety Boardto oversee the issues related to road safety and evolve effective strategies for implementation ofthe Road Safety Policy. The Government has also decided to establish a National Road SafetyFund to finance road activities through the allocation of a certain percentage of the cess ongasoline and diesel.

Documents

Road Accidents in India 2014