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Road to Revolution 1763-1776

Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

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Page 1: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Road to Revolution1763-1776

Page 2: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

“Salutary Neglect”• Early on…colonies were left to run

themselves• Invented their own local legislatures• Set up their own churches• Formed their own armed militias

• Attitudes begin to change in 1660s as economic ties become more pronounced (but laws not fully enforced until 1760s)• Americans purchased nearly 50% of all

British exports• 1/3 of all British imports came from

America

Page 3: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Increasing Regulations• 1660: British Government begins imposing new regulations on

colonial trade.• Navigation Acts of 1650: Mandated goods be shipped on British ships; • Goal: prevent colonies from trading with other nations

• Wool Act of 1699: forbade the dumping of cheap American wool in Britain• Iron Acts of 1750 & 1757: prohibited new growth in American iron

manuf.• At 1st, few Americans angered by the acts, only touched external

trade, not domestic economies, increased costs could be passed onto consumers, and smuggling allowed for violation of import laws…• Then came the French and Indian War…

Page 4: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Effects of the French and Indian War• Writ of Assistance (1761):

• Allowed British customs officials to search any colonial ship…why?

• French and Indian War Debt• 123 million pounds sterling (50 billion pounds today)

• Pontiac’s Rebellion• What was the impact of this?

• Proclamation Act of 1763• Prevented colonists from settling land west of the

Appalachian Mts…Why?• What was the reaction of American colonists?

• Besides the Proclamation Act, what was the other consequence of the French and Indian War?

Page 5: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Rising Tensions: British Crown v. Colonists• British Acts of Aggression• Sugar Act (1764)

• Tax on imported sugar/molasses

• Stamp Act (1765)• Tax on legal papers,

newspapers, and pamphlets• Declaratory Act (1766)

• Parliament can “bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever”

• Quartering Act (1767)• Laws requiring the provision

of housing, food and drink to British troops

• Townshend Acts (1767)• Tax on imports including glass,

lead, paints, paper & tea

• Colonial Response• Boycott British Goods (non-

importation agreements)• Sons of Liberty• Stamp Act Congress

• “No Taxation W/O Representation

• Act eventually repealed• Smuggle Goods/Protest

Page 6: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

“No Taxation Without Representation”

"...For if our Trade may be taxed, why not our Lands?Why not the Produce of our Lands & everything we possess or make use of?This we apprehend annihilates our Charter Right to govern & tax ourselves. It strikes at our British privileges, which as we have never forfeited them, we hold in common withour Fellow Subjects who are Natives of Britain.If Taxes are laid upon us in any shape without our having a legal Representation where they are laid, are we not reduced from the Character of free Subjects to the miserable State of tributary Slaves?

Page 7: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Rising Tensions: British Crown v. Colonists

• Boston Massacre (March 1770): 5 colonists killed• What do you think of when you hear “massacre?”• Why call it a “massacre?”

• Colonists attack and burn a British customs ship (1772)• King George plans to bring suspects to England for

trial

• Committees of Correspondence Estbl. (MA/VA)• Communicate protests amongst the colonies

Page 8: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Final Steps Toward War• Tea Act (1773)• Estbl. Monopoly for British East India Company:

right to sell tea tax free; while colonial tea sellers had to pay taxes.

• Boston Tea Party (1773)• Intolerable Acts (1774)• Shut down Boston ports until tea paid for• Dissolved Mass. Assembly• Ban town meetings• Reinstate Quartering Act• Remove right to fair trial/due process• Quebec Act

• Gave Quebec control of all the land and fur trade between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers

Page 9: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Revolution Begins…• 1st Continental Congress (1774)

• Issues declaration of colonial rights; colonies’ rights to run own affairs, and arm themselves against British forces…sign of greater colonial unity…but no call for independence…yet…

• March 23, 1775• “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death”—Patrick Henry

• April 19, 1775• British General Gage find out about colonies arming themselves…sends troops in 1775 to seize illegal

weapons• Battle of Lexington & Concord… “Shot hear round the world”

• July 1775: Olive Branch Petition Ignored• 2nd Continental Congress (Summer 1775)

• Col. Govt. during War• Estbl. Continental Army• Appt. George Washington as Commander• Issue Dec. of Indep. (1776)

• January 10, 1776• Thomas Paine, Common Sense

• 1st Document to openly call for independence from the British

Page 10: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Roots of American Government: The Enlightenment

• Hobbes & Locke• Hobbes

• People naturally fight so need govt for protection (stability)

• Social Contract• Rousseau

• Social Contract• Locke:

• Govt’s purpose is to reserve and protect people’s inalienable rights/property

• Separation of Powers• Montesquieu:

• Separation of Powers

Page 11: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

D.O.I. Questions•O, P, V, L Analysis•What is the origin of this document?•What is the purpose of this document?•What is the value of this document?•What are the limitations of this document?

Page 12: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

D.O.I. Critical Thinking ?s• In the Preamble of the Declaration, what does Jefferson argue is

his reason for issuing the Declaration of Independence?• Jefferson states, “All men are created equal…with certain

unalienable rights”…what were those rights? • How can Jefferson make this statement with the reality of slavery and

indentured servitude in America?• Why does Jefferson argue government’s are formed? Where do

governments get their power from?• When is it okay for a group of people to break away from their

government?• What are some of the specific charges/accusations Jefferson

makes again King George of Britain?

Page 13: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

D.O.I. Critical Thinking Questions

• Why does Jefferson focus charges on the King and not the British people as a whole?• What was Jefferson’s goal in listing all these charges against the King?• Whose support was Jefferson trying to win over with this document?

Page 14: Road to Revolution 1763-1776. “Salutary Neglect” Early on…colonies were left to run themselves Invented their own local legislatures Set up their own

Philosopher John Locke’s Influence on Jefferson

• John Locke• Nat’l Rts. (Life, Liberty, Property)• Govt. to Protect Nat’l Rts• Equality• Consent of Governed• Limited Government/ Rule of Law• Right to Revolt

• Dec. of Indep.• Nat’l Rts. (Life, Liberty, Pursuit of

Happiness)• Govt. Secures Rts• Equality• Consent of Governed• Limited Government• Right to Revolt

• Lists long train of abuses