Romania by Andrea Deletant; Dennis DeletantReview by: John FreemanThe Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 65, No. 3 (Jul., 1987), pp. 495-496Published by: the Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School ofSlavonic and East European StudiesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4209616 .

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REVIEWS 495 organizations of Solidarity itself. Following initial chapters on the public and official policy in the I970s, and the values of Polish society on the eve of the August strikes, Mason devotes the bulk of his book to the analysis of public views of major aspects of the I98o-8I developments: the causes and consequences of the collapse of the leadership in I980, the development of Solidarity, the position of the Polish United Workers' Party and the fate of its 'renewal' policy, the growing conflict between Solidarity and the regime towards the end of I98I, developments under the martial law regime. Some sixty tables are presented as the basis for this analysis, which contain a wealth of detailed information which should prove extremely useful for those without access to the original Polish sources.

Mason therefore makes good use of a particular kind of social information that provides a specialized perspective on the events of I980-8I, the developments that led up to them, and their consequences in terms of a previously unknown form of militarized party rule. The events of the Solidarity period were a learning process for all the major political actors involved, not excluding the communist party establishment. It is significant, therefore, that the Jaruzelski leadership continues to make use of survey material and pays considerable attention to public relations, both in the international arena and in the domestic context. Whether greater knowledge of social attitudes and of the deep-rooted antipathy to the regime, in the absence of policies which go some way to satisfying the demands of public opinion, will give the current leadership greater staying power than previous ruling groups remains to be seen. The Open University PAUL G. LEWIS Milton Keynes

Deletant, Andrea and Deletant, Dennis (comps). Romania. World Biblio- graphical Series, 59. Clio Press, Oxford, Santa Barbara, and Denver, Co, I 985. xviii + 237 pp. Map. Indexes. ?29.50.

THIS, the seventh volume of the ambitious World Bibliographical Series to be devoted to a Slavonic or East European country (following those on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, Hungary, Greece, Finland, and Poland), is a particularly welcome publication. It is the only remotely up-to-date substan- tial general bibliography on Rumania available in print, its only comparable predecessor, Stephen Fischer-Gala?i's Rumania: a Bibliographical Guide, having been published twenty-four years ago. The aim of the series is to provide for each country a selective annotated bibliography 'that will express its culture, its place in the world, and the qualities and background that make it unique'. Emphasis is placed on books and articles in English and on those which are recent, still in print or likely to be available in large libraries. Given the widely varying bibliographical coverage of individual countries -I consider, for instance, the difference in this respect between, say, the Soviet Union and Albania - such criteria need to be applied with considerable flexibility and sense of balance if compilers are to avoid the pitfalls of triviality on the one hand and over-specialization on the other. Andrea and Dennis Deletant have

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496 THE SLAVONIC REVIEW

been remarkably successful in achieving such a balance among their 797 items, restricting their selection largely to works in English in those areas which allow it, but including publications in Rumanian, French, and other European languages where this is essential for an adequately representative listing. A particularly valuable feature of the bibliography are the annotations, outstanding both for their concise informative content and for theirjudicious, authoritative, and frequently trenchant evaluations. The bibliography itself is preceded by a short introduction outlining the historical background of present-day Rumania, and is provided with an index combining personal and corporate authors, titles, and subjects in a single alphabetical sequence. Errors and misprints appear to be few, being mainly confined to minor uncertainties in the citation of German and Hungarian works. It is a pity that the cost of the volume will probably put it beyond the reach of many individual purchasers and even, alas, in these days, of the smaller public library. School of Slavonic and East European Sudies JOHN FREEMAN

University of London

Archer, Clive, and Scrivener, David (eds). Northern Waters: Security and Resource Issues. Croom Helm, London and Sydney for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, I986. Xii + 240 PP. Tables. Maps. Notes. Index. ?25.00.

ARCTIC Polar waters are very remote from main centres of human activity, but they are strategically vital to both superpowers and their respective alliances. The area also has immense resources, their scope barely appreciated but perhaps offering the hope of economic co-operation, as well as rivalry, between the militarily opposed groups of nations. Jurisdictional issues influence both political/military and economic relationships in numerous ways. Formally, 'Northern Waters' in the title embrace the seas and adjacent land areas up to 8o0N from the open Atlantic, stretching from Canada's Gulf of Boothia to Norway's northern coast and the Soviet Union's heavily-armed Kola Peninsula/White Sea region.

In reality, most of the issues raised have ramifications over the entire 'roof of the world' to the Pole, all 3600 of the world circumference above the book's lower boundary line of 6o0N, the level of the Shetlands, Leningrad, Sakhalin, and the southern tip of Greenland.

The editors do their readers the kindness of listing the eighty relevant acronyms (mostly ugly) in current use. If one of these may be chosen to illustrate the nucleus of the whole theme, it is 'GIUK' or Greenland/Iceland/UK Gap, through which the Soviet fleet's surface ships and submarines would need to pass in wartime to range the oceans.

Thirteen of the fifteen chapters are contributed by Western specialists other than the two editors themselves, who work on defence studies and inter- national relations at the University of Aberdeen and have written an Introduction. Six chapters deal generally with legal, resource, merchant shipping, strategic/military issues, and the control of conflict. Seven chapters follow, covering all aspects of the subject in relation to individual NATO

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