9
SPANISH & PORTUGUESE COLONIES

S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s Established social hierarchy

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

SPANISH & PORTUGUESE

COLONIES

Page 2: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

SPANISH CONQUEST Conquistadors toppled

Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s

Established social hierarchy with Spanish-born Europeans at the top and natives at the bottomRelations between

Spaniards & natives common Mestizos

Plantations & mines needed labor African slaves introduced

Page 3: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

SPANISH COLONIAL SOCIETY

Blended Spanish, African, and Native cultures

Native styles of building, food, & canoesChristianity &

horses from EuropeAfrican cooking,

farming, dance, and song

Valued educationChurch

Page 4: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

ECONOMYWealth mainly from silver

Source at Potosí in modern Bolivia 1545Other sources in Mexico over next few yearsGold also tapped, but in less

quantityConvoys of caravels carried

precious metals back go Spain20% went to the Spanish crownTreasures attracted privateers

from northern EuropePiracy against Spanish fleet

Raised inflation in Spain & Europe

Page 5: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

NEED FOR LABOR Initial reward for conquistadors: land

Grants known as encomiendas Natives are “commended” to the conquistador Entire villages often commended to conquistador, giving him a status

similar to that of feudal lord Treated natives as slaves

Worked plantations & mines Natives placed at bottom of social

hierarchy New Laws of the Indies declared 1542

to protect natives on encomiendas Peru – viceroy beheaded trying to

introduce laws Mexico – laws not even proclaimed

System finally ended in 18th century, replaced by wage labour Also utilized African slave labor

Relatively easy to transport to the Caribbean Already familiar with highly organized tropical agriculture First brought as early as 1502

Page 6: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

MEANWHILE, IN SPAINExploration in the Pacific as well

Philippines Ferdinand II died in 1516

Spanish Crown + Castile, Aragon, Navarra, & Naples grandson Charles

Descendent of Austrian House of HabsburgCharles I

Assumed rule of Austria & the Low CountriesPeak of glory of the Spanish Empire

Followed by period of endless wars that drained Spain of wealth

Page 7: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

SPANISH & PORTUGUESE EMPIRES

Page 8: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

PORTUGUESE IN BRAZILCabral claimed land in 1500Conquered Tupian Indians

Aided by diseaseLand grants began in 1530s

King would grant land if they shared profits

EconomyNot instant wealth from gold & silver like SpanishPlantation agriculture + cattleHighest number of slaves in the AmericasSome saw instant $$ from sale of brazilwood

Blended culture similar to that of Spanish EmpireAlso original enslaved native peoples & Africans

Page 9: S PANISH & P ORTUGUESE C OLONIES. S PANISH C ONQUEST  Conquistadors toppled Aztec and Incan Empires in the early-mid 1500s  Established social hierarchy

REVIEW QUESTIONS1. What groups of people were enslaved in

Portuguese and Spanish colonies?2. Where did natives work in the encomienda

system?3. What laws attempted to protect natives

from harsh bosses?4. What was different between the colonial

economies of the Spanish and Portuguese?5. In what order did these groups fall in the

Spanish social hierarchy: Mulattos, Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Natives, and Africans?