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SUBORDİNATİON: DEPENDENT CLAUSES

S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

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Page 1: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

SUBORDİNATİON: DEPENDENT CLAUSES

Page 2: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause).

Mainly 3 roles of dependent clauses in a sentence:

1. Adverbial

2. Adjectival

3. Nominal

Page 3: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

1. ADVERBİAL

Because a weasel is wild, it should be approached with great caution.

Yesterday the teacher called the students lazy when they complained about their assignments.

Some of the conjunctions used for adverbial clauses:

after before until while since as so that in order that because if unless whether although even though where

when

Page 4: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

ADVERBİAL EXAMPLES

When will the flowers bloom?: when spring arrives

Page 5: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

How did he answer the question?: as if he knew the subject quite well

Page 6: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Why didn't the poor woman have money?: because she had lost her job

Page 7: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

2. ADJECTİVAL Modifier of a noun (relative clause-who, whom, which,

that, whose).

The man who lives upstairs bothers the neighbors.HE bothers THEM(S) (V) (O)

headword adjectival

The man who lives upstairs bothers the neighbors.HE bothers THEM(S) (V) (O)

Don’t forget! An adjectival clause follows the headword of the noun phrase in the sentence.

Page 8: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

The neighbors know the man who lives upstairs

They know him (S) (V) (O)

headword adjectival

The neighbors know the man who lives upstairs

They know him (S) (V) (O)

Page 9: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

OTHER ADJECTİVAL EXAMPLES

Which book did Joe read?: the one that I gave him

Page 10: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

What kind of politician has the support of the people?: the one who is trustworthy

Page 11: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Which season?: the one when everything blooms

Page 12: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Which house?: the one where I was born

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MORE EXAMPLES FOR ADJECTİVAL CLAUSES

An object that weighs five pounds on earth would weigh two pounds on the planet Mercury.

All the men who/whom citizens of the United States have elected as president have been native-born.

Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Clemens, grew up in Hannibal, Missouri.

Page 14: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Attention! We USE COMMAS when identification of the noun is not necessary.

E.g.

John F. Kennedy, who was assassinated in 1963, was the first Catholic president. (a familiar info)

The highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest, is located in Asia. (a fact)

Page 15: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

If the clause answers the question ‘Which One?’, then we DO NOT USE COMMAS.

E.g The man who came by yesterday is my

professor.

Which man?

Without the relative clause, we don’t know which man.

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Page 17: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

3. NOMİNAL

Noun clauses

Annie Dillard says that a weasel is wild. something

Like a noun, a nominal clause names a person, place, thing, or idea. A nominal clause may function in a sentence as any of the following:

subject subjective complement

object of preposition direct object

indirect object

Page 18: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Nominal clauses may begin with ‘that’ or interrogatives:

who whom what which whoever whomever whatever

when where how why

Page 19: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Nominal Clause as Subject in a sentence

Page 20: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Nominal Clause as Subject Complement in a sentence

Page 21: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Nominal Clause as Object of Preposition in a sentence

Page 22: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Nominal Clause as Direct Object in a sentence

Page 23: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Nominal Clause as Indirect Object in a sentence

Page 24: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Nominal Clause beginning with That

Page 25: S UBORDINATION : D EPENDENT C LAUSES. If a clause in a sentence is not independent, it is called a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Mainly 3 roles

Nominal Clause beginning with Whether

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Nominal Clause beginning with If