Sample Undergraduate Thesis

Lyceum of Subic BayLot 73, Central Business District, Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Olongapo City, Zambales

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PATIENT’S PERCEPTION ON STUDENT NURSES CARING BEHAVIOR AT SAN MARCELINO DISTRICT HOSPITAL WARD: AN ASSESSMENT

____________________

Submitted toThe Faculty of NursingLyceum of Subic Bay

Subic Bay Freeport Zone

___________________

In Partial FulfillmentOf the Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Nursing

___________________

By:Phoebe Dawn Guevarra

Virgencita TullaoChristine Bada

Michelle MangahasGlenda Sotto


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October 18, 2012Acknowledgement

First and foremost the researchers would like to offer their sincerest gratitude to

their adviser, Mr. Jhessie L. Abella, who has guided and supported them throughout

their thesis with his patience and knowledge whilst allowing them the room to work in

their own way. This study would not be possible without his consistent coaching and

encouragement.

To Mrs. Ruby Duave, the Chief Nurse of SMDH for allowing us them to

conduct a survey at San Marcelino District Hospital ward, and to their staff nurses for

accommodating the group while obtaining the data from the respondents.

The researchers would also like to extend our deepest thanks to our fellow

nursing students at Lyceum of Subic Bay and friends, for their unending support and

acknowledgement.

The LSB Health Care Department for offering the support and equipment we

have needed to produce and complete our. Our beloved Coordinator Ms. Josephine Pe

together with the classroom and clinical instructors for sharing their diverse knowledge

thus allowing the researchers to reach this far. Thank you.


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Finally, we would like to thank our parents for supporting us throughout our

studies at Lyceum of Subic Bay and have sustained us financially.

Table of Contents

Page No.

Title Page ……………………………………………………………… i

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………….. ii

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………… iii

Thesis Abstract ………………………………………………………..

Chapter I – The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction ……………………………………………………

Statement of the Problem ……………………………………...

Significance of the Study ………………………………………

Scope and Delimitation ………………………………………..

Chapter II – Review of Related Literature

Related Literature ………………………………………………

- Foreign Sources …………………………………….

- Local Sources ……………………………………….

Related Studies …………………………………………………

Start with ii here until the end of the

thesis abstract


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- Foreign Sources …………………………………….

- Local Sources ……………………………………….

Chapter III – Research Methods and Procedure

Research Methodology …………………………………………

Data Gathering Procedure ………………………………………

Population and Sample of the Study …………………………..

Research Instrument ……………………………………………

Validation of the Instruments …………………………………..

Statistical Treatment of the Data ……………………………….

Chapter IV – Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

Chapter V – Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation

Bibliography ……………………………………………………

Appendix ……………………………………………………….

Curriculum Vitae ……………………………………………….


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Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Setting

Background of the Study

The caring energy is powerful that enhances healing with the core factors

involved in the process. The basic idea is that all around us is made up of energy and

everyone emits some energy. The nurse emits a much higher frequency of caring

energy than the energy of a sick patient that converge into conscious healing process

thus, tapping on the inner healing field of the patient.

Once the inner healing field is touched, the healing process begins. As a

professional nurse, one is equipped with nursing knowledge with the integration of the

clinical carative factors, critical thinking skills, and the consciousness of caring that

promotes the caring-healing relationships with the patient. This conscious caring

Write the page on this corner…however every start of the

chapter no page shall appear


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attitude and skill is enhanced through practice over time. The caring energy that

resonates from the nurse to patient restoring ones normal health is incomprehensible.

Caring and nursing have always been thought of synonymously. Most

individuals choose nursing as a profession because of their desire to care for other

individuals. Caring as a central concept has led to the development of several caring

theories. Jean Watson defines caring as a science. She states; Caring is a science that

encompasses a humanitarian, human science orientation, human caring processes,

phenomena, and experiences. Caring science includes arts and humanities as well as

science. A caring science perspective is grounded in a relational ontology of being-in-

relation, and a world view of unity and connectedness of all. Transpersonal Caring

acknowledges unity of life and connections that move in concentric circles of caring-

from individual, to others, to community, to world, to Planet Earth, to the universe.

Caring behaviors are defined as; Behaviors evidenced by nurses in caring for

patients. Some Caring behaviors are evident in other professions. Law enforcement is

noted for their honesty and respect. Psychologists are comforting and require attentive

listening skills to help their patients. Teachers must possess patience, attentive

listening, sensitivity, and great responsibility to mold our children into productive

adults.The nurse’s caring attitude toward the client is essential in improving the client’s

well being. It is a nurse’s job to care for a patient’s medical needs. However, caring for

their emotional well-being can have just as beneficial an impact on patient care. The


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relationship between nurse and patient requires trust, as well as understanding. For a

patient to disclose private or embarrassing details about their physical or mental

condition, they need to first trust that their nurse will treat them with dignity and

respect. Furthermore, patients will only follow the advice of their nurse if they trust in

his or her professional opinion. This careful balance of trust and professional respect is

the founding principle for a healthy nurse-patient relationship.

The researcher choose to take this study relating to patient’s perception on the

student nurses caring behavior to see how effective the student nurses’ care inside the

clinical area, more specifically in the medical ward and obstetric ward, according to the

patient’s perspective. Also it aims for the improvement of the student nurse and patient

relationship inside the medical ward and OB ward.

Theoretical Framework

This page consists of relevant theories from the citations of notable authors,

which will give support to the study presented.

The theory of Watson (1999), a caring occasion is the moment when the nurse

and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is

created. Both persons, with their unique phenomenal fields, have the possibility to

come together in a human-to-human transaction. For Watson, a phenomenal field

corresponds to the person’s frame of reference or the totality of human experience


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consisting of feelings, bodily sensations, thoughts, spiritual beliefs, goals, expectations,

environmental considerations, and meanings of one’s perceptions—all of which are

based upon one’s past life history, one’s present moment, and one’s imagined future.

Not simply a goal for the cared-for, Watson (1999) insists that the nurse, i.e., the

caregiver, also needs to be aware of her own consciousness and authentic presence of

being in a caring moment with her patient. Moreover, both the one cared-for and the

one caring can be influenced by the caring moment through the choices and actions

decided within the relationship, thereby, influencing and becoming part of their own

life history. The caring occasion becomes “transpersonal” when “it allows for the

presence of the spirit of both—then the event of the moment expands the limits of

openness and has the ability to expand human capabilities” (Watson, 1999, pp. 116-

117). Watson also insists that the nurse, i.e., the caregiver, also needs to be aware of her

own consciousness and authentic presence of being in a caring moment with her

patient. Moreover, both the one cared-for and the one caring can be influenced by the

caring moment through the choices and actions decided within the relationship, thereby,

influencing and becoming part of their own life history. The caring occasion becomes

“transpersonal” when “it allows for the presence of the spirit of both—then the event of

the moment expands the limits of openness and has the ability to expand human

capabilities” (Watson, 1999, pp. 116-117).


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Orem (1959, 2001) Self care deficit theory described nursing as a complex form

of deliberate interpersonal action that ultimately provides a helping human health

service. She chose the name deficit as it describes and explain a relationship between

abilities of individual, their children or adults for whom they care. The notion deficit

does not refer to a specific type of limitation, but to the relationship between the

capabilities of the individual and the need for action. Orem’s theory essentially defines

the need for nursing care. This need occurs whenever a person experiences some

limitation or deficit which interferes with their ability to maintain self care. In addition

the theory describes the various interactions which could occur between a nurse and a

patient.

Conceptual Framework

The paradigm in Figure 1 showed the conceptual framework and cycle on the

caring behavior of student nurses which will follows the Independent, Dependent and

Moderator Variable:

The independent variable of the study is the caring behavior of the student

nurses. This were measured using five (5) indicators namely; taking vital signs, giving

medication, health teaching, performing nursing procedure, and communication with

the patient and relatives.


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Caring Behavior:Taking VS

Giving medicationPerforming nursing

procedureHealth Teaching

Communication with the patient and relatives

Improved Student Nurse-Patient Relationship

AgeSexEducational AttainmentDisease/IllnessOccupation

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Moderator Variable

Next is the dependent variable, which is the perceived effect of the student’s

caring behavior which the researcher believed would be the improvement of the nurse-

patient relationship. Thus, it will facilitate positive relation between the nurse and the

patient.

Lastly, the moderator variable, has measured using the following indicators;

age, sex, educational attainment, disease/illness and occupation. The moderator variable

is believed to have an indirect effect on both Independent and Dependent variables.

The figure on the next page explained the paradigm of the study:


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Figure 1

Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the patient’s perception regarding the student

nurses caring behavior at San Marcelino District Hospital Medical Ward and OB ward.

Furthermore, this study sought to answer to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;


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1.2 Sex;

1.3 Educational Attainment;

1.4 Disease/Illness and

1.5 Occupation?

2. How can the caring behavior of the student nurse be described in terms of:

2.1 Taking vital signs;

2.2 Giving medication;

2.3 Health teaching;

2.4 Performing nursing procedure and

2.5 Communication with the patient and relatives?

3. Is there a significant difference between the student nurse caring behavior as

perceived by the patient when grouped according to age, gender, educational

attainment, disease condition, occupation?

Hypothesis

The following hypotheses are tested to determine the relation and difference of

the several variables identified in this study.


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1. There is no significant difference between the student nurses caring behavior as


attainment, disease condition, occupation

Significance of the Study

This study determined the patient’s perception regarding the student nurses

caring behavior. The following will profit from the present study.

The researchers have conducted the study at San Marcelino District Hospital

Ward, specifically at the Medical, Surgical and OB Ward. A ward is a part of the

hospital where the nurses caring behavior is vital in promoting improved disease

condition of the patient. It is a hospital facility where nurses and other health care

providers render care to patients with acute and chronic diseases that is in need of

medical treatment. A good caring behavior inside the medical ward can lead to an

improved nurse-patient relationship that may result to a speedy recovery of the patient.

Nurses/Student Nurse- The nurse and nursing student will benefit from this

research based on the perception of the patients regarding their caring behavior.

Through this study, the nurse and nursing student will realize and learn the significance

of good caring behavior in the improvement of the nurse-patient relationship and faster

recovery of the patient.


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Hospital- The hospital will benefit from this study because this research will

help them enhance the service they provide especially in patient care. This research will

serve as their reference to promote their standards on caring for the patients.

The Patient- The patient will benefit from the results of this study as it will

contribute to a better relationship between them and the nurse and student nurse.

Therefore, patient concerns will be addressed hence promoting high level of awareness

and patient’s wellness.

Future Researchers- This study will guide them to ascertain new knowledge

about student nurses caring behavior and the patients’ perceptions regarding it. This

will also supply as a reference for their future study.

Scope and Delimitation

This study determined the patient’s perception regarding student nurses caring

behavior at San Marcelino District Hospital Medical, Surgical, and OB Ward. Included

in this study are the profiles of the respondents in terms of: age, sex, educational

attainment, disease/illness and occupation; the caring behavior of the student nurse be

described in terms of: taking vital signs, giving medication, health teaching,

performing nursing procedure and communication with the patient and relatives; the

significant difference between the 4th year student nurses caring behavior as perceived


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by the patient when grouped according to age, sex, educational attainment,

disease/illness, occupation; the significant relationship between the student nurse’s

caring behavior and the improvement of the nurse-patient relationship.

This study is limited to patients of San Marcelino District Hospital Medical

Ward and OB ward who are currently admitted in the facility. With this, the researchers

have fully analyzed and determine the patient’s perception regarding the student nurses

caring behavior.

The patients who are currently admitted at the ward served as the respondents of

the study. Medical, Surgical, and OB ward were chosen as the area of the study because

the researchers believe that in these areas, intense nurse interaction is needed to

facilitate effective delivery of health services towards patients who are severely

afflicted with debilitating illness thus caring behavior is an essential part to help patient

maintain normal functioning or support them during the course of illness.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined for the readers to have a complete

understanding about the terms used in the study.


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Caring Behavior. It refers to actions characteristic of concern for the well-being of a

patient, such as sensitivity, comforting, attentive listening, honesty, and nonjudgmental

acceptance.

Nurse-Patient Relationship. It refers to the therapeutic relationship between a nurse

and a client built on a series of interactions and developing over time. All interactions

do not develop into relationships but may nonetheless be therapeutic. The relationship

differs from a social relationship in that it is designed to meet the needs only of the

client.

Disease. It refers to any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or

function of any body part, organ, or system that is manifested by a characteristic set of

symptoms and signs and whose etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or

unknown.

Hospital. It refers to an institution that provides medical, surgical, or psychiatric care

and treatment for the sick or the injured.

Vital Signs. It refers to the measures of various physiological statistics, often taken

by health professionals, in order to assess the most basic body functions.


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Giving Medication. The act of administering medication, whether in a form oral drugs

or parenteral drugs. This has been the practice of nurses which allows the recovery of

the patients.

Caring Behavior. Actions characteristic of concern for the well-being of a patient,

such as sensitivity, comforting, attentive listening, honesty, and nonjudgmental

acceptance.

Nursing Intervention. Any act by a nurse that implements the nursing care plan or any

specific objective of that plan, such as turning a comatose patient to avoid the

development of decubitus ulcers or teaching insulin injection technique to a patient

with diabetes before discharge from the hospital.


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Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This section is comprised of collection of significant readings, foreign and local

which provided discussions of facts to which the present study is associated. This

review of related literature and studies focused on the nursing caring behavior.

Foreign Sources

According to Pullen (2010) in his article entitled “Fostering Therapeutic Nurse-

Patient Relationship” he stated that the caring relationship between the nurse and

patient develops when you and your patient come together in the moment, which results

in harmony and healing. Effective verbal and nonverbal communication is an important

part of the nurse-patient interaction, as well as providing care in a manner that enables

your patient to be an equal partner in achieving wellness.

According to the American Society of Registered Nurses (2007) in their article

entitled “The Real Public Perception of Nurses” they stated that no common man thinks

or does any analysis of a nurse until he needs one or is in a situation where he/she

interacts with a nurse as in case of a hospital admission. They know that a caring nurse

can give comfort and solace to someone in need. The public perceive a nurse as just


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someone who assists the doctor during and after treatment of the illness assisting the

patient in keeping up his personal hygiene, giving the medications as prescribed by the

doctor, dressing the wounds when there is a need ensuring the welfare of the patient.

According to Wysong and Driver (2009) in their study entitled “Patients’

Perceptions of Nurses’ Skill” the study revealed that patients’ perceptions of a nurse’s

skill are largely a component of the interpersonal skills, critical thinking skills, and

caring practices of the nurse, rather than the nurse’s technical skills. Patients’

comments related to nurses’ skill fit well with the Synergy Model, particularly the

nurse characteristics of caring behaviors, facilitator of learning and clinical judgment.

These results support the importance of the acquisition of strong interpersonal skills,

critical thinking skills, and characteristics of caring practices for nurses and add to the

knowledge of patients’ perceptions of nursing care.

According to Larsson, Sahlsen, et al. (2011) in their study entitled “Patient’s

Perception on Nurses’ Behavior That Influence Patient Participation in Nursing Care”

the study revealed that in order to promote patient participation, nurses need to be

aware of the situations where they could overstep the mark and which of their own

behaviors lead to promotion or hindrance.

According to Sieger et.al. (2010) in their study entitled “Perceptions and

interpretations of nurse-patient interactions” their study revealed that the interaction


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between nurses and paraplegic patients who are indicative of chronically ill persons in

their pursuit of self-determination and autonomy, concerning all aspects of life.

According to Zhao and Akkadechanunt (2011) in their study entitled “Patient’s

Perception of Quality Nursing Care in a Chinese Hospital” their study revealed that

quality nursing care as perceived by patients is an important objective for nurses to

strive for. Patients tend to perceive quality nursing care as being individualized, having

a professional manner and caring attitude and giving education to them.

According to Zamanzadeh, Azimzadeh and Rahmani (2010) in their study

entitled “Oncology patients' and professional nurses' perceptions of important nurse

caring behaviors” their study revealed that the oncology patients and nurses perceived

highly physical aspects of caring and the results provide for nurses to be aware of the

need, during their interactions with patients, to validate the effect their intended caring

has upon patients. By so doing and with further refinement of the concept of caring for

nursing in studies such as this, the practical aim of making patients feel cared for can be

achieved.

According to Thomas et al. (2010) in their study entitled “Perception of Nurse

Caring, Skills, and Knowledge Based on Appearance” their study revealed that the

conflict between the right to self-expression and professional role expectations during

nurse and patient interactions is a difficult one. However, because a nurse’s appearance


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can impact perceptions during an encounter, dress codes in the acute care setting should

take this into account. To be perceived as skilled and knowledgeable, nurses should

wear a solid colored uniform with limited visible body art.

According to Rafii (2010) in their study entitled “Nurse Caring in Iran and Its

Relationship with Patient Satisfaction” their study revealed that it is important to reflect

on the impact of the current health care environment and cultural religion of Iran on

caring behaviors of nurses and patient satisfaction with nursing care. Heavy workloads

and severe staff shortages are common characteristics of Tehran educational hospitals

and the time that nurses previously allotted to direct care has been reduced which may

contribute to changes in patients’ perceptions of nurse caring and satisfaction with

nursing care possibly reducing the effects of nursing care services. Iranian nurse

managers need to consider the religious and cultural barriers to nurse caring and

recompense it by providing more human resources.

According to Journal of Advance Nursing (2010) in their study entitled “Nurses

and patients perceptions of caring behaviors: Quantitative systematic review of

comparative studies” their study revealed that There is considerable evidence of the

assertion that there is no congruence of perceptions between patients and nurses as

regards which behaviors are considered caring, and intended caring is not always

perceived as such by the patient.


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Local Sources

According to Sombillo (2009) in his book entitled “Comparison of Nurses’ and

Patients’ Perception of Caring Behavior” he stated that caring behaviors in a complex

health care environment minimizes depersonalization in health care. Congruence of

perceived value of caring behaviors between patients and nurses as health care needs

and requirements escalate is imperative in a complex health care environment. The

monograph gives an insight that Filipino nurses' and patients' perception of caring

behaviors are generally congruent in both levels of complexity of care.

According to De Guzman (2007) in their study entitled “Surfacing Filipino

Student Nurses’ Perspective of Comfort and Comforting Viewed through Metaphorical

Lens” their study revealed that there are four major aspects that reflected the

respondent’s perception on the words “comfort” and “comforting”, namely;

physiologic, socio-environmental, psycho-spiritual and emotional. Results of this

qualitative study did not show any marked difference in the interpretation of the

construct under investigation on the comparison of the student’s perception of the terms

“comfort” and “comforting”.

According to Echo (2011) in his article entitled “Nursing Service Attributes:

Cultivating a Culture of Patient Satisfaction For Quality Health Care” he stated that

Patient satisfaction in health care must be planned and designed from the patient’s point

of view from the very start while considering the different factors that may affect such


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evaluation. Patients want empathy, anticipation of their needs, and a personalized,

humanized experience – something that nurses do every day. Nurses clearly influence

patient satisfaction, but more subtly, their ability to work with other people on the care

team influences the patient’s perception of the hospital. How nurses project their joys

or frustrations can influence how patients feel about the things they do not see in the

hospital.

According to Ching (2012) in his article entitled “5 Effective Ways to Deal with

Difficult Patients” he stated that using positive verbal and non-verbal communication,

will not only improves the patient’s perception about you, it will also help them recover

faster in the long run. Remember, an assurance that you will always be there for the

patient will help solve an emotional issue deeply rooted in the patient’s fear that they

will be neglected and left behind.

According to Costello, Giardino, Ambrose, et al. (1998) in their study entitled

“Relationship between Nurse Caring and Patient Satisfaction” their study revealed that

nurse caring is associated with patient satisfaction with nursing care. It is important to

reflect on the impact of the current health care environment on these variables.

Decreased opportunities for caring can dramatically influence patients' perceptions of

their hospital experience. This program of research is a critically significant one for

adult health nurses.


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Chapter 3

Methodology and Research Design

Research Design

The researchers used the descriptive method of research. The researchers have

chosen this method to determine the patient’s perception regarding the student nurses

caring behavior at San Marcelino District Hospital Medical, Surgical, and OB ward.

This method of research describes data and characteristics about the population or

phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the

questions who, what, where, when, "why" and “how”. The primary aim of this study is

to determine the patient’s perception regarding the student nurses caring behavior and

its inference to the improved nurse-patient relationship. From this type of research, the

researchers will be able to identify and describe the existing condition of the problem.

Dr. Marion Joppe (2005) Descriptive research or statistical research provides

data about the population or universe being studied. But it can only describe the "who,

what, when, where and how" of a situation, not what caused it. Therefore, descriptive


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research is used when the objective is to provide a systematic description that is as

factual and accurate as possible. It provides the number of times something occurs,

or frequency, lends itself to statistical calculations such as determining

the average number of occurrences or central tendencies.

Research Locale

The research was conducted within the vicinity of San Marcelino District

Hospital in the province of Zambales specifically in the Medical, Surgical, and OB

ward. The SMDH was named in the memory of the province’s first elected Mayor

“Marcelino” equipped with the state of the art medical facilities with the diagnostic and

laboratory equipment.

Meanwhile, SMDH is one of many district hospitals in Zambales that houses

more than fifty (50) beds capacity. It is also a hospital not only within the area of San

Marcelino but also to the neighboring provinces of Zambales, Bataan, Olongapo, and as

far as western Pangasinan.

The hospital has also established specialty clinics which provide free

consultation and services to indigents by specialized physicians like surgeons, OB gyne

and others. With the accreditation of the residency programs it has also established

affiliation and tie ups with the other institution for the training of resident physicians.


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The hospital has also accredited as a research and training hospital with accreditation of

residency training in family medicine, OB Gyne, pediatrics, and to become accredited

in surgery.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers devised their questionnaire following specific questions.

Questions were based on literatures and past researchers which serve as the basis of the

construction of the questionnaires. The researchers then submitted it to their adviser.

After series of revisions and corrections, the researchers are able to finalize their

questionnaires which pertain to the profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Sex,

Educational Attainment, Disease/Illness, and Occupation. How can the caring behavior

of the student nurse be described in terms of taking vital signs, Giving medication,

Health teaching, Performing nursing procedure, and Communication with the patient

and relatives.

After all the revisions and corrections were done and with the approval of the

chief nurse of San Marcelino District Hospital, the researchers had personally

administered the questionnaires to the patients. After they answered the questionnaire,

the researchers affirmed to the patients if the questions were comprehensible.


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Research Subject

This study was conducted at San Marcelino District Hospital in San Marcelino,

Zambales. The respondents in this study are the patients inside the Medical, Surgical,

and OB ward. The subsequent table presents the distribution of the respondents

Table 1

Total Target Population

Patient Respondents

Frequency Percentage

Med OB Surgery

Female 11 19 2 36

Male 14 0 4 64

Total 25 19 6 100

Sampling Design

The sampling instrument that was used within the study is convenience

sampling. The researcher will use this kind of sampling design because of the

undemanding access to the respondents. Instead of the large population, the researchers

conducted the study and at the same did the interview to the respondents who were


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available. Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where

subjects are chosen because of their convenient accessibility and propinquity to the

researcher.

The subjects will be selected just because they are easiest to procure for the

study and the researcher did not consider selecting subjects that delegate the entire

population. The researchers preferred this sampling technique because it is fast,

economical, simple, and the subjects are readily available.

Research Instrument

The study used questionnaires and unstructured interview as the main

instruments in gathering data. The researchers primed questionnaires which are made

up of list of questions for collecting useful information from the respondents.

Questionnaires or survey questions are research tools that asked to respondents, and

designed to extract specific information. It serves four basic purposes: to (1) collect the

appropriate data, (2) make data comparable and amenable to analysis, (3)

minimize bias in formulating and asking question, and (4) to make questions engaging

and varied.

The questionnaire consists of two major parts:

Part 1 consists the profile of the respondents in terms of:

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1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;



1.5 Occupation?

Part 2 includes the caring behavior of the student nurse be described in terms of:






The respondents were assisted in reading the questions. The researchers aimed

to make the questionnaires comprehensible for the respondents.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical tools were used in the analysis and interpretation of

gathered data.


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Statistics is simply a tool to help the experimentalist interpret data in an

unbiased manner. When properly employed, statistics will not only tell the scientist

how "good" his or her numbers are, but can also lead to improvements in experimental

design.

Frequency and Percentage. This will be used to determine the frequency

distribution of the profiles of respondents.

Formula: P=F/N (100)

Where:

F = Frequency

P = Percentage

N = Number of respondents

Pearson R- this test will be used if there is positive or negative correlation between the

independent and the dependent variable


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Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter exhibited the data collected from the questionnaires and interviews.

The responses for the specific questions shown in chapter one is herewith presented.

The data gathered from the questionnaires are presented in a table to enable the

researchers to classify the data in order and also give the reader a comprehensive

analysis of the findings. The data on this chapter used critical thinking to efficiently

analyze the data gathered and practically answer the questions cited in chapter 1.


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Profile of the Respondents

The profiles of the respondents’ data are exhibited on the following pages to

present information regarding the chosen respondents of this study. This included the

respondents’ Age, Sex, Educational Attainment, Occupation, and Occupation. The

researcher believed that the variables considered could probably affect the patient’s

perception on student nurses caring behavior at San Marcelino District Hospital Ward.

Age

The table below presented the frequency and percentage distribution of

respondents according to age.

Table 2

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of

Respondents According to Age


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Based on the findings on Table 1, the age bracket of 22-27 got the highest

frequency of eleven (11) or 22%, followed by ages 16-21 with the frequency of nine (9)

or 18%, corroborated by the ages 46-51, 28-33, and 52-57 with the frequency of seven

(7) or 14%, the age bracket of 34-39 got the frequency of four (4) or 8%, while the ages

40-45 obtained the frequency of three (3) or 6%, and tailed by the ages 76-81 and 70-75

which attained the frequency of one (1) or 2%. Out of all the data tabulated above, the

age bracket of 64-69 and 58-63 establishes the lowest frequency of zero (0) or 0%.

The tabulated figures above reveals that majority of the respondents are under

the age bracket of 22-27. This could be owing to the outstanding number of patients

admitted inside the OB ward as demonstrated on Table 3. According to studies, the

ideal ages to get pregnant are 20 to 24 or below 30 years old, as identified by Laura

Flyn McCarthy on her article at Parenting’s website.

Age Frequency Percentage76-81 1 270-75 1 264-69 0 058-63 0 052-57 7 1446-51 7 1440-45 3 634-39 4 828-33 7 1422-27 11 2216-21 9 18Total 50 100


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Gender


respondents according to gender.

Table 3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of

Respondents According to Gender

Patient RespondentsFrequency Percentage

Female 32 36Male 18 64Total 50 100

FemaleMale

Figure 2


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Based on the findings on Table 3, it could be glanced that thirty-two (32) or

64% of the respondents were female, while eighteen (18) or 36% of the respondents

were male individuals.

The table above presented that majority of the patients who were considered as

the respondents were mostly females. This is due to the fact that majority of the

respondents from SMDH were from the OB ward which for a fact caters for mothers

who are in labor or just gave birth.

Occupation

Table 4 below presented the frequency and percentage distribution of

respondents according to occupation

Table 4

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

According to Occupation

Occupation Frequency Percentage

White Collar 0 0Blue Collar 6 12

None 44 88Total 50 100


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NoneBlue CollarWhite collar

Figure 3

Based on the findings on table 4, it revealed that forty-four (44) or 88% of the

respondents were unemployed, six (6) or 12% have a blue collar job, and zero (0) or

0% were categorized under white collar job.

As defined by Encarta Dictionary, A White-Collar job is relating to an

employment that is usually salaried and do not involve manual labor. While Blue-

Collar is relating to workers who do manual or industrial work that often requires

special work clothes or protective clothing.

The table above presented that more than half of the respondents were

unemployed and none were under the category of white collar job. It also showed that a

few percent is under the category of blue-collar. This could be associated with the

eminent percentage of high school graduates that is illustrated in Table 4, which is the

only possible prerequisite for blue collar job employment.


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According to Wikipedia, a higher level academic education is not often required

for blue collar jobs. However certain fields may require specialized training, licensing,

or certification, as well as a high school diploma.

A white collar worker as identified by Sherry Scott of Demand Media, are

highly skilled and officially trained professionals. Employment to this particular job

category requires formal education.

Educational Attainment


respondents according to educational attainment.

Table 5

Frequency and Distribution of Respondents

According to Educational Attainment

Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

0 0Elementary Graduate 7 14High School Level 12 24

High School Graduate 26 52College Level 3 6

College Graduate 2 4Vocational 0 0

Total 50 100


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High School GraduateHigh School LevelElementary GraduateCollege Graduate

Figure 4

Based on the findings on table 5, it could be distinguished that twenty-six (26)

or 52% attained high school graduate, twelve (12) or 24% attained high school level,

seven (7) or 14% attained elementary graduate, three (3) or 6% attained college level,

two (2) or 4% attained college graduate, zero (0) or 0% attained elementary level, zero

(0) or 0% attained vocational.

The table above verified that majority of the patients admitted in the ward are

High School graduates. This could be due to the apparent outstanding number of

patients that doesn’t have enough comprehension about health, consequently due to

under education.

According to a recent study in Chicago, people who attained a higher education

are more likely to live healthy lives as adults. Another study in the US, as mentioned in


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High Quality Education’s website, also supports this idea. It says that those adults in

the US who have the lowest level of education are also the same people who have the

poorest health.

Disease/Illness or Cause of Hospitalization


respondents according to educational attainment.

Table 6

Frequency and Distribution of Respondents According

to Disease/Illness/Cause of Hospitalization


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As observed on table 5, it could be notable that NSD accomplished the greatest

frequency of eleven (11) or 22, tagged on by Diabetes Mellitus with the frequency of

six (6) or 12%, followed by AGE, HPN, and CS with the frequency of four (4) or 8%,

shadowed by PTB with the frequency of three (3) or 6%, and tailed by UTI, Cerebral

Contusion, MI, CVA, Stab Wound, Cerebral Concussion, Ovarian Cyst, and DHF with

the frequency of two (2) or 4%. Overall, the illnesses that received the lowest frequency

are Pre Eclampsia and Ectopic Pregnancy.

It is perceptible on the above table that NSD obtained the utmost frequency and

percentage out of all the disease/illness tabulated. This could be again, due to the great

number of admitted patients inside the OB ward. As cited on Table 2, the best age that

Disease Frequency PercentageAcute Gastro Enteritis 4 8

Hypertension 4 8Myocardial Infarction 2 4

Cerebrovascular Accident 2 4Stab Wound 2 4

Pre Eclampsia 1 2Diabetes Mellitus 6 12

NSD 11 22Urinary Tract Infection 2 4

Cerebral Contusion 2 4Caesarean Section 4 8

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 3 6Ovarian Cyst 2 4

Ectopic Pregnancy 1 2Cerebral Concussion 2 4

DHF 2 4Total 50 100


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one could conceive a baby is less than 30 years old. It is also the age that has the

highest probability of having a Normal Spontaneous Delivery.

A normal spontaneous delivery of vaginal delivery occurs when

a pregnant female goes into labor without the use of drugs or techniques to induce

labor, and delivers her baby in the normal manner, without forceps, vacuum extraction,

or a cesarean section.

Taking Vital Signs

Table 7 presented on the next page illustrated the mean and the average

weighted mean of the student nurses’ behavior as perceived by the patients according to

taking of vital signs.

Table 7

Mean and the Descriptive Rating of the Patient’s Perception

on the Students Nurses Caring Behavior

According to Taking of Vital Signs

Taking of Vital SignsVS S P Mean Interpretation

f % F % f %

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarean_section

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventouse

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forceps

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy


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Student nurse explain the procedure before

taking your VS

26 52 24 48 0 0 2.52 Very Satisfactory

Ask the patient in a nice manner when taking the

VS


Handles the patient gently during vital sign

taking


Shows comforting and warm attitude during

taking vital sign


Shows appropriate affect or facial

expression when taking VS


AWM 2.53 Very Satisfactory

It could be observed on Table 7 that item number 2 which pertain to “asking the

patient in a nice manner” got the highest mean of 2.56 which is interpreted as very

satisfactory. Item number 3 “handles the patient gently during vital signs taking” were

very satisfactory, performed by the student nurse which acquired a mean of 2.53. Item

number 1 and item number 4 were also interpreted a very satisfactory by the patient.

This showed that student nurse always explain the procedure and always shows

comforting and warm attitude during vital sign taking.

The figures exhibited above as supported by an average weighted mean (AWM)

of 2.53, attested that student nurses executed vital sign taking in an exceptional manner.


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This only shows that student nurses are familiar with the essentiality of taking the vital

signs of the patients which is important information needed to make life-saving

decisions and treatment that will be ordered by the physician.

Vital signs are the measurement of different physiological values such as Blood

Pressure, Respiratory Rate, Cardiac/Heart Rate, and Temperature. These are also the

initial findings that are assessed when a client is brought to the hospital. The

preliminary nursing diagnosis could also be established through the patient’s vital

signs.

According to Susan McLean, vital signs are important because they are good

indicators of how the body is functioning. Signs like heart rate, oxygen level in the

blood, and blood pressure can all indicate if the body is in a state of shock or under

stress.

Giving Medications

Table 8 on the next page presented the patient’s perception on the student nurses

caring behavior according to giving of medications.

Table 8

Patient’s Perception on the Student Nurses Caring

Behavior According to Giving of Medications


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Giving MedicationsVS S P Mean Interpretation

f % F % F %Explain the procedure

before giving medication so that the patient can gain info.

14 28 36 72 0 0 2.28 Satisfactory

Student nurse give meds on time

14 28 35 70 1 2 2.26 Satisfactory

Student nurse give medications gently via

injection


Student nurse answers the patient’s question

concerning meds

16 32 34 68 0 0 2.32 Satisfactory

Student nurse tells you what meds he/she is going to administer

16 32 34 68 0 0 2.32 Satisfactory

AWM 2.31 Satisfactory

It is perceptible on Table 8 that item number 3 which points out to “giving the

medications gently via injection” got the highest mean of 2.36 which is interpreted as

very satisfactory. Item number 3 and 4 were interpreted by satisfactory, performed by

the student nurse, which acquired a mean of 2.32. Item number 1 and 2 were also

interpreted very satisfactory by the patient, which acquired the mean of 2.28 and 2.26

respectively. This showed that student nurse always explain the procedure before

giving the medication and always gives the medication on time.


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The data transcribed above revealed that the student nurses satisfactorily

demonstrated good practice in terms of giving medications to their patients at SMDH

ward. This was proved by the average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.31.

Medication administration is an important aspect of nurses’ responsibility

towards the patients. Based on studies medication error marked as number one of the

cause of nurses’ negligence meaning they fail to remember the principles that governed

the practice of medication administration. San Marcelino District Hospital as

categorized by the DOH as a secondary level hospital caters for patients who are mostly

indigent, unemployed and lack the basic education. A satisfactory rate for the student

nurses is a good indicator that caring behavior is still initiated by the students during

administration of therapeutic drugs. Explaining the procedure prior to administration is

the fundamental ingredient towards patients understanding of the therapy they are

undergoing. Answering patients concerns regarding the medication they are receiving

will clear every doubt and shall also assist the patient to continue the regimen without

any hesitation. A satisfactory should be maintained by the nursing student so that in

their actual practice they will be able to carry along with them these positive attributes

of a true Care Provider.

Health Education


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Table 9 below presented the patient’s perception on the student nurses caring

behavior according to health education.

Table 9


Behavior According to Health Education

Health EducationVS S P Mean Interpretation

f % F % F %Advise the patient regarding healthy

regimen

2 4 34 68 14 28 1.76 Satisfactory

Encourage the patient to follow the medical treatment to hasten

his/her healing

0 0 36 72 14 28 1.72 Satisfactory

Student nurses devotes extra time for health

teaching sessions

0 0 38 76 12 24 1.76 Satisfactory

Exhibits great amount of patience when

teaching

2 4 36 72 12 24 1.8 Satisfactory

Simplifies teaching session to allow

patient’s understanding

0 0 38 76 12 24 1.76 Satisfactory


It could be observed on Table 9 that item number 4 which pertains to exhibiting

great amount of patience when teaching got the highest mean of 1.8 which is

interpreted as satisfactory. Item number 1, 3 and 5 were interpreted by satisfactory,


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performed by the student nurse which acquired a mean of 1.76. This showed that

student nurse always advise the patient regarding healthy regimen, devotes extra for

health teaching sessions, and simplifies teaching session to allow patient’s

understanding. Item number 2 was also interpreted as satisfactory by the patient, which

acquired the mean of 1.72.

The total AWM of 1.76 from the above table ascertained that the student nurses

fittingly provided their patients with the appropriate Health Education concerning their

health conditions.

Health teaching, as defined by MS Encarta 2009, is teaching and counseling on

healthy living. Health education covers topics such as hygiene, nutrition, and sex

education. It also addresses alcohol and drug misuse, smoking, and other threats to

health. In most secondary schools, health education is included within a course of

personal and social education; it may also be integrated into subjects such as biology,

home economics, or physical education.

Health education is especially important in a community health center setting

for the initiation of primary prevention. Also, as a nurse caring for a patient inside the

ward, it is their commission to provide health teaching related to the health condition of

the patient. It also supplies the patient the essential knowledge about self care and

promotes health awareness.


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Performing Nursing Procedures

Table 10 below presented the frequency and distribution of the student nurses’

behavior according to performing nursing procedures.

Table 10


Behavior According to Performing Nursing Procedures

Performing Nursing ProceduresVS S P Mean Interpretation

f % F % F %Student nurse promotes

clients privacy when doing nursing

procedures

16 32 32 64 2 4 2.28 Satisfactory

Student nurse explains and asks clients

permission before doing the task

16 32 32 64 2 4 2.28 Satisfactory

Encourage patient’s participation in

performing nursing procedures to lessen

client’s anxiety

8 16 24 48 18 36 1.33 Poor

Demonstrate good manners in doing the

task

14 28 34 68 2 4 2.24 Satisfactory

Ensure that the patient is handled gently and prevents harm to the

client

16 32 32 64 2 4 2.28 Satisfactory


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It could be recognized on Table 10 that item number 1, 2, and 5 got the highest

mean of 2.28 which is interpreted as satisfactory. Item number 1, 3 and 5 were

interpreted by satisfactory, performed by the student nurse which acquired a mean of

1.76. This showed that student nurse always advise the patient regarding healthy

regimen, devotes extra for health teaching sessions, and simplifies teaching session to

allow patient’s understanding. Item number 2 was also interpreted as satisfactory by the

patient, which acquired the mean of 1.72.

The student nurses’ Performance on Nursing Procedures is satisfactorily

implemented, as evidenced by the average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.76 in the table

depicted above.

Nursing interventions are actions undertaken by a nurse to further the course of

treatment for a patient. It is supported by the nursing process, which contains

Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention and Evaluation. The goal

of nursing interventions is to improve the health and comfort of the patient.

Communicating with Patient and Relatives

Table 11 on the next page presented the frequency and distribution of the

student nurses’ behavior according to communicating with patient and relatives.


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Table 11


Behavior According to Communicating with Patient and Relatives

Communicating with Patient and RelativesVS S P Mean Interpretation

f % F % F %Student maintains warm and caring

attitude when talking to patients

12 0.72 38 1.52 0 0 2.24 Satisfactory

Spends time with the clients or significant others to facilitate

interaction

4 0.24 38 1.52 8 0.16 1.92 Satisfactory

Listens attentively to client’s concerns

12 0.72 38 1.52 0 0 2.24 Satisfactory

Provide reassurance to patients

8 0.48 36 1.44 6 0.12 2.04 Satisfactory

Express words of encouragement and comforting words

12 0.72 32 1.28 6 0.12 2.18 Satisfactory


It is indicated on Table 11 that item number 1 and 3 got the highest mean of

2.24 which is interpreted as satisfactory. Item number 2, 4 and 5 were also interpreted


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by satisfactory, which obtained a mean of 1.92, 2.04, and 2.18 respectively. This simply

shows that good rapport establishment is well performed by student nurses.

Good communication with patients and relatives aids in the foundation of

relationship with the nurses and patients as well as their significant others. When

rapport is built, the nurse can easily win the participation of the patient when giving

medication, performing nursing interventions and giving health education. As for the

presented data above, it could be determined that the student nurses aptitude for

communicating with the patient and relatives revealed an average performance rate.

Therapeutic or good communication also allows the patient to express opinion

and emotion toward a safe and non-threatening environment. According to Lifestyle

India’s website, therapeutic communication serves to push down the barricade of

culture and gender and establish a connection and that helps in dealing with a situation,

where empathy is what a patient looks for. While maladies of the body are easy to heal,

the complications of mind are never really simple to tackle or deal with. Tacking

together pieces of shattered mind needs expert help and here comes in the importance

of therapeutic communication. Dealing with setbacks, breakdowns, failures, loss and

misery can often send one’s mind down the tunnel, demanding a strong willpower to

bounce back to normal self. The challenge of the technique is to help a patient open up

and confront his/her concerns and challenges with confidence.


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Table 12

Summary of the Average Weighted Mean of the Patients Perception on the

Students Nurses Caring Behavior

Average Weighted Mean InterpretationTaking vital signs 2.53 Very SatisfactoryGiving medication 2.31 Satisfactory

Health teaching 1.76 SatisfactoryPerforming nursing procedure 2.08 Satisfactory

Communication with the patient and relatives

2.12 Satisfactory

Total 2.16 Satisfactory

The patient’s perception on student nurses caring behavior were abridged on the

data tabulated above. It could be noted that out of the 5 variables, Taking Vital Signs

ranked first as corroborated by the average weighted mean of 2.53. It was followed by

Giving Medication which has a rate of 2.31. Student nurses also demonstrated a

stupendous execution of Communication with the Patient and Relatives which was

supported by the given rate of 2.12, followed by the Performing Nursing Procedure


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which was rated 2.08, and tailed by Health Teaching with the rate of 2.16 which

divulged the lowest ranking among the caring behavior. To sum it up, the table

conferred a good remark on the proficiency of the student nurses caring behavior as

verified by the total AWM of 2.16 which implies that the above data are satisfactorily

performed by the student nurses.

Statistical Test on the Significant Between the Student Nurse Caring Behavior as

Perceived by the Patient when Grouped According to Age, Gender, Educational

Attainment, Disease Condition and Occupation

Table 13

Test on the Significant Difference on the Students Nurses Caring Behavior in

Terms of Taking Vital Sign Grouped According to their Profile

Respondent's Profile

Correlation CoefficientDecision

InterpretationComputed Critical

Age -0.016868 0.2732Accept the null

hypothesisNot

Significant

Gender 0.159453 0.2732Accept the null

hypothesisNot

SignificantEducational Attainment -0.142403 0.2732

Accept the null hypothesis

Not Significant

Disease/Illness -0.039998 0.2732


Not Significant

Occupation -0.107155 0.2732Accept the null

hypothesisNot

Significant


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It is apparent on the above table that the Student Nurses Caring Behavior was not

significant to all the data specified above. The outcome is the acceptance of the null

hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the student nurse caring

behavior in terms of taking vital signs as perceived by the patient when grouped

according to age, gender, educational attainment, and disease condition.

Table 14


Terms of Giving Medication Grouped According to their Profile


Correlation CoefficientDecision Interpretation

Computed CriticalAge 0.069210 0.2732 Accept the null hypothesis Not Significant

Gender -0.146385 0.2732 Accept the null hypothesis Not SignificantEducational Attainment -0.308705 0.2732 Reject the null hypothesis Significant

Disease/Illness 0.033825 0.2732 Accept the null hypothesis Not SignificantOccupation 0.108112 0.2732 Accept the null hypothesis Not Significant

The table 14 revealed that the Student Nurses Caring Behavior was not significant to all

the data specified above except on Educational Attainment, which is interpreted as

significant. The outcome hence, is the acceptance of the null hypothesis that there is no

significant difference between the student nurse caring behavior in terms of giving

medication as perceived by the patient when grouped according to age, gender, and


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disease condition and rejection of the null hypothesis that is therefore construed as there

is no significant difference between the student nurse caring behavior in terms of giving

medication as perceived by the patient when grouped according to their profile.

Table 15


Terms of Health Education Grouped According to their Profile


Correlation Coefficient

DecisionInterpretatio

nComputed Critical

Age -0.004949 0.2732Accept the null

hypothesisNot

Significant


hypothesisNot



Not Significant



Not Significant

Occupation 0.187410 0.2732Accept the null

hypothesisNot

Significant


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As seen on the above table, the Student Nurses Caring Behavior was not significant to

all the data specified above. This resulted to the acceptance of the null hypothesis that

there is no significant difference between the student nurse caring behavior in terms of

health education as perceived by the patient when grouped according to age, gender,

educational attainment, and disease condition.

Table 16


Terms of Performing Nursing Procedure Grouped

According to their Profile



Decision InterpretationCompute

dCritica

l

Age 0.079601 0.2732Accept the null

hypothesisNot

Significant


hypothesisNot

Significant


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Educational Attainment -0.104440 0.2732


Not Significant



Not Significant


hypothesisNot

Significant

On the above table, it could be observed that the Student Nurses Caring

Behavior was not significant to all the data specified above. This results to the approval

of the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the student nurse

caring behavior in terms of performing nursing procedure as perceived by the patient

when grouped according to age, gender, educational attainment, and disease condition.

Table 17


Terms of Communication with patients and Relatives

Grouped According to their Profile


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DecisionInterpretatio

nComputed

Critical

Age 0.002432 0.2732Accept the null

hypothesisNot

Significant

Gender -0.002702 0.2732Accept the null

hypothesisNot



Not Significant

Disease/Illness 0.043495 0.2732


Not Significant


hypothesisNot

Significant

It is evident on the data indicated on table 6 was not significant to the Student

Nurses Caring Behavior. As an outcome, the null hypothesis is accepted therefore, there

is no significant difference between the student nurse caring behavior in terms of

communication with patients and relatives as perceived by the patient when grouped

according to age, gender, educational attainment, and disease condition.

Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations


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This chapter imparted the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations grounded by the results of the study. The principal objective of this

study is to uncover the patients’ perception on student nurses caring behavior at San

Marcelino District Hospital Ward. The aggregate number of respondents is 32 female

and 18 male patients.

This study utilized the descriptive method of research. The gathered data

through the questionnaires were tabulated, computed, and evaluated using statistical

formulas that is Frequency and Percentage, Average Weighted Mean, Pearson R, and

T-Test. The statistical treatment helped the researchers to resolve given problems

itemized in chapter one viz.:

Furthermore, this study sought to answer to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;



1.5 Occupation?


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2. How can the caring behavior of the student nurse be described in terms of:






3. Is there a significant difference between the student nurse caring behavior as


attainment, disease condition, occupation?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the student nurse’s caring behavior and the

improvement of the nurse-patient relationship?

SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

The major findings of the study are:

Profile of the Respondents

1.1 Age: The age bracket of 22-27 got the highest frequency of eleven (11) or

22%, followed by ages 16-21 with the frequency of nine (9) or 18%,


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corroborated by the ages 46-51, 28-33, and 52-57 with the frequency of seven

(7) or 14%, the age bracket of 34-39 got the frequency of four (4) or 8%, while

the ages 40-45 obtained the frequency of three (3) or 6%, and tailed by the ages

76-81 and 70-75 which attained the frequency of one (1) or 2%. Out of all the

data tabulated above, the age bracket of 64-69 and 58-63 establishes the lowest

frequency of zero (0) or 0%.

1.2 Sex: In a nutshell, the patients who were considered as the respondents were

mostly females. Out of 50 patient respondents, 32 were female, compared to

males that are only 18.

1.3 Educational Attainment: Majority of the respondents, which is 52%, were

high school graduates. Followed by high school level, which is 24%. Tagged on

by 14% those were elementary graduates. Tailed by 4% of college graduates

and none were under the category of elementary level and vocational.

1.4 Disease/Illness: Majority of the respondents are NSD patients, next is

Diabetes Mellitus with the frequency of six (6) or 12%, followed by AGE,

HPN, and CS with the frequency of four (4) or 8%, shadowed by PTB with the

frequency of three (3) or 6%, and tailed by UTI, Cerebral Contusion, MI, CVA,

Stab Wound, Cerebral Concussion, Ovarian Cyst, and DHF with the frequency


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of two (2) or 4%. Overall, the illnesses that received the lowest frequency are

Pre Eclampsia and Ectopic Pregnancy.

1.5 Occupation: The respondents inside the ward were mostly unemployed

which is supported by the frequency 44 or 88% and (0) none were under the

category of white collar job. Only 6 or 12% are in the category of blue collar.

2. Caring Behavior of the Student Nurses described in terms of

2.1 Taking vital signs: In summary, “asking the patient in a nice manner” got

the highest mean of 2.56 which is interpreted as very satisfactory. Item number

3 “handles the patient gently during vital signs taking” were very satisfactory,

performed by the student nurse which acquired a mean of 2.53. Item number 1

and item number 4 were also interpreted a very satisfactory by the patient.

2.2 Giving medication: All in all, “giving the medications gently via injection”

got the highest mean of 2.36 which is interpreted as very satisfactory. Item

number 3 and 4 were interpreted by satisfactory, performed by the student

nurse, which acquired a mean of 2.32. Item number 1 and 2 were also

interpreted very satisfactory by the patient, which acquired the mean of 2.28 and

2.26 respectively.

2.3 Health teaching: Concisely, “exhibiting great amount of patience when

teaching” got the highest mean of 1.8 which is interpreted as satisfactory. Item


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number 1, 3 and 5 were interpreted by satisfactory, performed by the student

nurse which acquired a mean of 1.76. Item number 2 was also interpreted as

satisfactory by the patient, which acquired the mean of 1.72.

2.4 Performing nursing procedure: In summary, item number 1, 2, and 5 got

the highest mean of 2.28 which is interpreted as satisfactory. Item number 1, 3

and 5 were interpreted by satisfactory, performed by the student nurse which

acquired a mean of 1.76. Item number 2 was also interpreted as satisfactory by

the patient, which acquired the mean of 1.72.

2.5 Communication with the patient and relatives: Overall, item number 1

and 3 got the highest mean of 2.24 which is interpreted as satisfactory. Item

number 2, 4 and 5 were also interpreted by satisfactory, which obtained a mean

of 1.92, 2.04, and 2.18 respectively.

CONCLUSION

Based on the significant findings, the subsequent conclusions were depicted:

1. Majority of the respondents were on the age bracket of 28-33, and mostly female.

Also, based on the corresponding data we have gathered, most of the respondents are

NSD patients with an educational attainment of high school graduate and are under the

category of blue-collar employment


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2. Caring Behavior of the Student Nurses

2.1 Taking vital signs: The group of respondents rated this item as very

satisfactory as supported by the total AWM of 2.53.

2.2 Giving medication: This was satisfactorily demonstrated by the student

nurses as rated by 2.31 by the respondents.

2.3 Health teaching: This was rated satisfactory by the respondents, as proved

by the total AWM of 1.76.

2.4 Performing nursing procedure: This was satisfactorily exhibited by the

student nurses as rated by the respondents.

2.5 Communication with the patient and relatives: This was rated satisfactory by

the group of patient respondents.

3. There is no significant difference between the student nurse caring behavior as


attainment, and disease condition.

Nonetheless, there is a significant difference between the patients perception on

student nurses behavior when grouped according to educational attainment.


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4. There is no significant relationship between the student nurse’s caring behavior and

the improvement of the nurse-patient relationship.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the main findings and conclusions illustrated, the following are hereby

recommended:

1. Student nurses should be well equipped with enough knowledge with

medications and proficiency in administering the drugs in order to gain the trust

of the patients.

What else based it on your variables give at least 5

recommendations….


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Bibliography

http://www.en.wikipedia.org

http://www.quality-patient-experience.com/nurse-patient-relationship.html

http://onlinenursing.fhchs.edu

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

http://www.asrn.org/journal-nursing

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nrp/2011/534060/

http://oremselfcaredeficittheory.blogspot.com/


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Microsoft Encarta Dictionary, 2009

Microsoft Encarta Premium, 2009

Appendices

Appendix ALetter of Request

August 7, 2012

Ruby B. Duave, RN, MANChief NurseSan Marcelino Distric Hospital


Tel. No. (047) 252-3358

Dear Madam: Greetings in Christ! Our group is completing a thesis at Lyceum of Subic Bay in Olongapo City. The thesis title is: The patient’s perception regarding the patient’s perception student nurses caring behavior at San Marcelino Medical Hospital Medical Ward: . We would like your permission to conduct a survey for the patients at the Medical Ward.

If these arrangements meet with your approval, please sign this letter where indicated below and return it to us in the enclosed return envelope. Thank you very much. We’re hoping for your positive response.

Yours truly, Phoebe Dawn GuevarraVirgencita TullaoChristine BadaMichelle MangahasGlenda SottoThe Researchers

Dear Respondent,

This questionnaire is handed out to know your perception on the 4th year

student nurses caring behavior inside the medical ward of San Marcelino district

hospital. The data that will be obtained from this will help improve the nurse-patient

relationship. The questions you answer should only pertain to your own perception on

the caring behavior or 4th year student nurses inside the medical ward and OB ward of

San Marcelino District hospital. You should check the box right beside the correct


Tel. No. (047) 252-3358

answer to each question. Please kindly answer the questions on this questionnaire as

honest as possible. Thanks for your input and cooperation.

We assure you that all information provided will be treated in the strictest of

confidence.

Yours truly,

Phoebe Dawn GuevarraVirgencita Tullao

Christine BadaMichelle Mangahas

Glenda SottoThe Researchers

Age: _____________

Sex: Male FemaleSex:

Occupation: White Collar Job (Please Specify):

Blue Collar Job (Please Specify):

Educational Attainment: Elementary Level

Elementary Graduate

High School Level


Tel. No. (047) 252-3358

High School Graduate

College Level

College Graduate

Vocational

What is your current disease or Illness?

Heart Problem

Respiratory Problem

Other: Please Specify:

The following question pertains to the student nurse behavior towards patients. Please mark the box that corresponds your answer:

Taking Vital Signs Very Satisfactory

Satisfactory Poor

1. Student Nurse explain the procedure before taking your Vital Sign

2. Ask the Patient in a nice manner when taking the vital sign

3. Handles the patient gently during vital signs taking

4. Shows comforting and warm attitude during taking vital signs

5. Shows appropriate affect when taking vital signs

Giving Medications Very Satisfactory

Satisfactory Poor


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1. Explain the procedure before giving medication so that the patient can gain information

2. Student Nurse give medications on time3. Student Nurse give medications gently4. Student Nurse give medications in a

proper attitude5. Student Nurse tells you what medications

he/she going to administer

Health Education Very Satisfactory

Satisfactory Poor

1. Advise the patient regarding healthy regimen after discharge

2. Encourage the patient to follow the medical treatment to hasten his/her healing

3. Student Nurses devotes extra time for health teachings sessions

4. Exhibit great amount of patience when teaching

5. Simplify teaching session to allow patients understanding

Performing Nursing Procedure Very Satisfactory

Satisfactory Poor

1. Student Nurse promotes clients privacy when doing nursing procedures

2. Student Nurse explains and ask clients permission before doing the task

3. Encourage patients participation in performing nursing procedure to lessen clients anxiety

4. Demonstrate good manner in doing the task

5. Ensure that the patient is handle gently and prevent clients harm


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Communicating with patient and relatives Very Satisfactory

Satisfactory Poor

1.Student maintains warm and caring attitude when talking to patients2. Spends time with the clients or significant others to facilitate interaction3. Listen attentively to clients concerns4. Provides reassurance to patients5.Express words of encouragement and comforting words

Curriculum Vitae


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Personal Data

Name: Phoebe Dawn P. Guevarra

Nickname: Feebs, Dawn

Age: 20

Birth Date: September 26, 1992

Gender: Female

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino


Elementary: Olongapo Wesley School

High School: Regional Science High School III

Olongapo Wesley School


Tel. No. (047) 252-3358

Personal Data

Name: Virgencita B. Tullao

Nickname: Vergz

Age: 19

Birth Date: January 10, 1993

Gender: Female




Elementary: St. Augustine’s School

High School: St. Augustine’s School


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Personal Data

Name: Glenda A.Sotto

Nickname: Dang

Age: 20

Birth Date: September 29, 1992

Gender: Female




Elementary: Saguing Elementary School

High School: Luakan National High School


Tel. No. (047) 252-3358

Personal Data

Name: Christine D. Bada

Nickname: Tin

Age: 19

Birth Date: June 26, 1992

Gender: Female




Elementary: Carael Elementary School

High School: St. Joseph College


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Documents

Sample Undergraduate Thesis