Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Sanford Insights is the biannual magazine of the Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University, reporting on faculty and student research and school news, programs, and events.
Citation preview
SPRING 2013
Duke | SANFORD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY
INSIgHTS
New Sanford Dean Kelly Brownell
Also Inside } Faculty Voices in Gun Control Debate
The public event, “Big Money vs. Grassroots Democracy: Empowering Citizens to Take Back Their Government,” was part of a symposium at the school that gathered politi-cians, academics and advocates for discussion of policy options. Gunther Peck, the Fred W. Shaffer Associate Professor of History and Public Policy, moderated the panel. Watch a video of the event on the school’s YouTube channel: http://bit.ly/ZPkkCv
Congressmen David Price (D-N.C.) and John Sarbanes (D-Md.) discussed bills they’ve introduced to improve grass-roots participationand curb the influence of large donors in political campaigns during a Jan. 31 panel
discussion at the Sanford School. They were joined by N.C. Rep. Larry Hall, the House minority leader, and Anita Earls, executive director of the Southern Coalition for Social Justice.
DU
KE
Ph
ot
og
ra
Ph
y
Duke | SANFORD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY
INSIgHTS
Published twice a year by the Sanford School of Public Policy
Duke University Box 90239Durham, NC 27708-0239
Sanford School Dean Bruce Kuniholm
Insights Editor Karen KempAssociate Editor Jackie Ogburn
Design CCGD
Issues are available online www.sanford.duke.edu
For subscription or other inquiries email
Spring 2013
Out with the old and in with the new. Duke’s interna-tional search team, chaired by Elizabeth Frankenberg, did a terrific job in helping Duke recruit the best pos-sible dean we can imagine
for the Sanford School. You can read a lot more about him on pages 4 and 5 of this magazine, but let me, by way of introduction, summarize a few outstanding features of his resumé:
• He is an extraordinary leader, named in 2006 by Time magazine in a list of the world’s 100 most influential people who are transforming the world.
• He was elected to the Institute of Medicine.
• He holds a distinguished chair and comes from Yale’s psychology department, which he has chaired, and which is ranked second in the nation by the National Research Council. He also holds secondary appoint- ments in the School of Public Health and the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies.
• Within the discipline of psychology his expertise has been recognized by his elec- tion as fellow to five different divisions of the American Psychology Association and by his election as president of a number of national organizations.
• He is a great teacher, and at Yale has taught interdisciplinary classes of 400 students (that include undergraduates and PhD students) to rave reviews.
• He founded and managed the highly interdisciplinary Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale that has received millions of dollars in grants and that has nothing less than social change as its goal.
• He is committed to undergraduates, having served as a Master of Silliman College at Yale, a position that required total immer- sion in the lives of undergraduates.
• He is a superb scholar, having published 15 books and over 350 articles and chapters that have been cited over 23,000 times in the leading journals in medicine, public health and psychology.
• His research and mentoring have won many awards, some of which are noted in this magazine.
• His engagement epitomizes how research in the social psychology of attitudes and attributes can be brought to bear on important public policy problems.
• He believes in the importance of bridging the divide between academia and the policy world, and has advised the mayor of New York, members of Congress, govern- ors, the White House, world health organi- zations and media on issues of nutrition, obesity and public policy.
• He is the embodiment of Sanford’s ideals: its dedication to transforming student lives, its embrace of interdisciplinarity and its commitment to putting knowledge at the service of society.
Equally important, he is a good listener; and a warm, outgoing and truly wonderful human being.
I step down as dean with absolute confidence that Kelly will not only build on what we at Sanford have helped to create, but also raise our aspirations and extend our successes to new heights.
Bruce Kuniholm Professor of Public Policy and History
Inside
2 News Briefs: Gov. Perdue a New Visiting Fellow; Duke in DC Program Launched
4 Cover: Brownell to Become Sanford School’s Second Dean
6 PhD Grads Land First Positions
8 Teaching with Technology, Peer Learning
10 Sanford Experts Join National Debate on Gun Policy
14 Q&A: Dr. Robert Cook-Deegan
16 Senior Profile: Melissa Yeo
18 Books and Publications
19MPP Alums at GAO & OMB
20Women’s Voices in U.S. Politics
16
FROM THE DEAN’S DESK
8
to
P +
Fa
CIN
g P
ag
E: D
UK
E P
ho
to
gr
aP
hy
; Bo
tt
oM
: EU
gE
l y
Eo
Sanford Experts
Q&A: Dr. Robert Cook-Deegan
2 SANFORD InsIghts
sanford news
PHILANTHROPY AND POLICY Professor of the Practice Ed Skloot, director of the Center for Strategic Philanthropy and Civil Society, was a co-sponsor of the conference, “Money and Power in Post-Election America” held Feb. 11-12 at New York University. The goal was to examine the relation-ship of philanthropy, public policy and government in the highly polarized political culture.
Speakers included philanthro-pists David Rubenstein, Abigail Disney and Jonathan Soros, U.S. Rep. Donna Edwards (D-Md.) and David Blumenthal, CEO of the Commonwealth Fund.
INDONESIAN FINANCE DCID Professor of the Practice Roy Kelly and Research Associate Rubi Sugana worked with the Indonesian Ministry of Finance to design a finance reform effort to assist five local governments in Sumatra, Java and West Nusa Tenggara. Along with a small team of Indonesian experts, they will continue to provide strategic policy and administrative support to implement a local-level prop-erty tax system in Indonesia. The Asian Development Bank funded the project.
MIDP ALUM TO DELIVER GRAD SPEECH Mwila Chigaga MIDP ’06 will de-liver the alumnus address at the Sanford School’s graduation
ceremony on May 11 for the MPP, MIDP and PhD programs. Chigaga is senior gender specialist in the International Labor Organization’s regional office for Africa located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Chigaga, of Zambia, is also a graduate of the Duke-UNC Rotary Peace Fellows program. She
founded Widows with Strength In-ternational to assist women who have been made widows by wars, HIV/AIDS and other causes.
YOUNG TRUSTEESanford PhD candidate Katherine Duch has been elected Graduate Young Trustee and will serve on the Duke Board of Trustees. She is a graduate student representa-tive on the board’s Institutional Advancement Committee, and also brings her scholarship to the role—her dissertation topic examines legislative support for colleges and universities.
BRIEFsPERDUE TO JOIN SANFORD Former North Carolina Gov. Bev Perdue will be a distinguished visiting fellow at Sanford for the fall semester and will serve in an advisory capacity with the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy. From 2009 to 2012, Perdue was the state’s first female governor. She holds a PhD in education and a master’s degree in
community college administration, both from the University of Florida. “We envision her speaking with classes, interacting one-on-one with students and helping our professors better understand how their public policy research can influence policymaking,” said Dean Bruce Kuniholm.
Nine students are enrolled in the inaugural Duke in D.C.- Public Policy program under way this spring. They are work-ing 28-hour-per-week intern-ships and taking four courses, taught at Duke’s suite of offices on New York Avenue. Students also take field trips to govern-ment agencies, such as the Pentagon and the Capitol.
The seminar classes taughtby Sanford professors Philip Bennett, Robert Cook-Deegan and Program Director Kristin Goss frequently feature
guest speakers, including Duke alumni. Eric Sapp MDiv/MPP ’02, founding partner of the Eleison Group, and Nick Johnson MPP ’94 of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities spoke in Goss’s class, “Theory in Practice: People, Places, and Policy Cases.”
“In this class, they get to look at D.C. as a real city, with real problems, and through their internships, they get to study policymaking in real time,” said Goss.
Cook-Deegan noted that
for their project on genetic testing, Nika Duan and Annie Helbling have direct access to the people in Congress who wrote relevant statutory law and are watching the Myriad Supreme Court case closely.
“We had our first class as a field trip to the patent office in Alexandria. That’s legislative branch, judicial branch and executive branch. We cannot do that in Durham, and it adds a lot to the experience,” said Cook-Deegan.
Nine Begin Duke in DC-Public Policy Program
Front row, left to right: Michael Harris PPS ’14,Danielle Mayall T ’15,Nika Duan T ’15, Giuliana De Mendiola PPS ’14, Jenny Shim T ’14.
Back row: Bryce Knutzen PPS ’15, guest speaker Eric Sapp M.Div/MPP ’02, Annie Helbling PPS ’14, Andreea Rodinciuc PPS ’14, Breno Maciel T ’15.K
rIs
tIN
go
ss
Spring 2013 3
For the first time, a team of Sanford students competed for the $1 million dollar Hult Prize for student social entrepreneurs. Five MIDP students traveled to Boston on March 2 for the regional round of competition.
In partnership with the Clin-ton Global Initiative, the Hult Prize is a start-up accelerator. Each year, more than 10,000 col-lege students submit proposals and 200 teams are selected for the six regional competitions. The six winning teams pitch their start-up ideas at the an-nual Clinton Global Initiative meeting. This year’s challenge, creating food security for urban slum dwellers, was selected personally by former President Bill Clinton.
The five were working on a presentation on food insecu-rity for their Policy Analysis in Development class, taught by Senior Research Scholar Natalia Mirovitskaya, and wondering if the international community was even interested in the problem. Team leader Silvia Fontana pulled out a flyer about the Hult Prize she had picked up at the
Net Impact Conference in Balti-more and the team was born.
“We are a team of five inter-national students, from Armenia,India, Italy, Mexico and Myanmar. Our backgrounds are as diverse as our nationalities: medicine, environment, business manage-
ment and nonprofits. We call ourselves ‘Food Rangers’ and our brand is synonymous to healthy, hygienic and nutritious food which is culturally accept-able,” their proposal said. Al-though the Food Rangers did not make it to the next round, they
agreed it was worth trying.“The Hult competition
showed us the power of a team working towards a goal. We developed a sustainable social business idea in just three weeks, talking with people allaround the world,” said Fontana.
Team members from left to right: Hrachya Topalyan, Ana Lucia Garcia Bones, Pankhuri Dutt, Aung Thant and team leader Silvia Fontana.
LATIN AMERICA CONFERENCESix MIDP fellows and Duke Law School students participated in panels for the Feb. 15-16 confer-ence “Revising Visions of Latin
America and the Caribbean.” The conference, organized for the ninth year by the UNC-Duke Consortium in Latin American and Caribbean Studies, took place
at Duke’s John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute and at UNC’s FedEx Global Education Center. Associate Professor Fernando Fernholz and Senior Research Scholar Rosemary Fernholz moderated two sessions. MIDP students who gave presentations were Janina Cuevas, Susana Garcia, Zoila Navarro, Luisa Fernanda Cardozo Romero, Matias Arrua and Carlos Guiza.
ALUM WINS RESEARCH GRANT Jenny Orgill MPP ’12 has been selected as a Global Health Doctoral Scholar. The program
contributes a stipend and up to 50 percent of nine months of expenses for research on a global health
issue. She is a PhD candidate in environmental economics at the Nicholas School. As an MPP, she worked with Assistant Professor Marc Jeuland on a household survey on drinking water quality and handling in rural Cambodia. She will continue to work with Jeuland and Assistant Professor Subhrendru Pattanayak on water and global health.
Sanford MIDP Team Competes in Regional Round for Hult Prize
Co
Ur
tE
sy
oF
Pa
NK
hU
rI D
Ut
t
Co
Ur
tE
sy
oF
FEr
Na
ND
o F
Er
Nh
ol
z
4 SANFORD InsIghts
sanford news
Brownell to Become New Sanford Dean
Kelly Brownell, a public health expert who helped revolutionize thinking about the complex causes of obe-sity and coined the phrase “toxic food environment,” will become the
second dean of the Sanford School of Public Policy, and the first from outside Duke.
Brownell, the James Rowland Angell Professor of Psychology at Yale University, was appointed after an international search led by Professor Elizabeth Frankenberg, Sanford’s associate dean for academic programs. He will begin his new position on July 1. He succeeds Bruce Kuniholm, the Sanford School’s founding dean, who will return to the faculty after serving first as director (2005-2009) and then as dean.
“Kelly Brownell will make a perfect leader for a school dedicated to using knowl-edge to make a difference in the world,” Duke President Richard H. Brodhead saidwhen announcing the selection on Jan. 30. “A world-class researcher, he has estab-lished himself as the major public voice on obesity—one of the world’s most rapidly emerging issues—and has been an influen-tial policy advisor at city, state and national levels. A devoted graduate mentor and undergraduate teacher, he will keep the Sanford School strong on campus while building bridges to the larger society.”
At Yale, Brownell, 61, is also director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity and professor of epidemiology and public health. In 2006, Time magazine named him one of “the world’s 100 most influential people … whose power, talent or moral example is transforming the world.” The magazine cited Brownell’s role in rais-ing public awareness about the relationship between unhealthy foods and childhood obesity.
Colleagues praised Brownell’s leadership, noting he was one of the first researchers to consider systemic social and economic factors when investigating causes of and treatments for obesity.
Rudd Center Deputy Director Marlene Schwartz told the Yale Daily News that
Brownell was one of the first to think about the epidemic as a public health problem rather than a medical one. Tracy Orleans, senior scientist at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, a Rudd Center funder, said, “I couldn’t pick a better leader for our move-ment than Kelly Brownell. If there were a Nobel Prize for this kind of leadership, Kelly would get it.”
Brownell’s laurels include election to the Institute of Medicine, the Lifetime Achieve-ment Award from the American Psychologi-cal Association, Yale’s Gradu-ate Mentor Award, the James McKeen Cattell Award from the New York Academy of Sciences and the Distin-guished Scientific Award for the Applications of Psychol-ogy from the American Psychological Association. He has published 15 books and more than 350 scientific articles and chapters.
His most recent book, co-edited with Mark Gold, is Food and Addiction: A Com-prehensive Handbook (2012), which brings together work from experts in nutrition, addiction, psychology, epide-miology and public health.
A Leading Voice on Obesity EpidemicBrownell, who was born in Indiana, earned his PhD in clinical psychology at Rutgers in 1977 and joined the faculty at the University of Pennsyl-vania School of Medi-cine faculty that year. He has been at Yale since 1991, during which time he has served as master of Silliman College and chair of
the psychology department. He said he first began thinking about obesity as a societal problem when he saw how unsuccessful many weight-loss interventions were.
“I began my career doing pretty tradi-tional work in clinical psychology, namely randomized studies for treatment of obesity, and it was frustration with the poor results that led me to believe that prevention had to be the priority,” Brownell said. Clinical stud-ies also spurred his interest in what was then known in the literature as “weight cycling” but which he dubbed yo-yo dieting—a subject he pursued for several years.
“Gradually I moved more toward public policy, public health and preven-
tion... and a key inflection point occurred in 2005
when we founded the Rudd Center at
Yale.
©s
IlV
Er
IMa
gE
® P
ho
to
ag
EN
Cy
Spring 2013 5
“We then had the resources to recruit the broad array of people needed to address these policy issues—people with back-grounds in law, economics, public policy, public health and other fields.”
Under Brownell’s direction, among the topics the Rudd Center has tackled are the heavy marketing of calorie-dense food and drinks to children, junk food in public schools, the application of law to food policy, the economics of food prices, the effects of weight bias and discrimination, food package labeling and the addictive potential of food.
Public AdvocacyConducting strategic research is one piece of the Rudd Center’s mission—the restinvolves developing policy recommendations and mobilizing academic and policy partners to bring about change. To that end, Brownell has used every tool at his disposal: writing both scholarly publications and books for the lay public such as 2004’s Food Fight; testifying to congres-sional committees; writing opinion pieces for leading publications such as The Atlantic; and appearing in documentaries, including the 2012 HBO mini-series “The Weight of the Nation” and the 2004 documentary “Su-per-Size Me.” He also fits engagement with policymaking into his undergraduate course on “The Psychology, Biology and Politics of Food.” He requires students to write and place op-eds on topics covered in class.
In recent months, Brownell has been regularly quoted by media on the topic of soda taxation, a policy choice he has advo-cated for at least 15 years. Once considered a radical idea, such taxes now exist in a handful of countries and are or have been considered in more than 20 U.S. cities and states. Brownell and his colleagues at Yale have also been instrumental in establishing a research base documenting the extent and impact of food marketing directed to chil-
dren, and have worked with legislators and officials such as the state attorneys general to develop solutions.
“The issue of food marketing is challeng-ing because it is clearly having a negative influence, but many officials are reluctant to suggest change because of the broad protec-tion of ‘commercial speech’ afforded the companies from court rulings on the First Amendment,” Brownell said.
Policy Engagement at SanfordBrownell is starting to think about how strategies the Rudd Center has used success-
fully to bring policy-related research to the fore might be applied to topics studied by Sanford School faculty.
“The Sanford faculty do world-class research on many of the pressing issues of our day and it would be wonder-ful if the world of policy-making could connect more strongly with the work of the faculty,” Brownell said. “There are many creative ways of approaching this. There are
experts at Sanford who can comment on breaking news on many important topics, and if the school can become even more of a go-to place for legislators and for officials around the world, Sanford’s positive impact might rise to even higher levels.”
After focusing his career so far primarily on domestic policy concerns, the Sanford School’s faculty expertise in climate change, global health, international development, foreign policy and other transnational issues offers new opportunities.
“Many policy issues are best addressed globally, some nationally and others more locally. It is important to work at the level that will have the greatest impact,” Brownell said. “Food systems issues such as the im-pact of food production on climate change have global, national and local drivers, and all must be considered. With respect to obesity, the most important changes thus far have begun locally and then spread to state and national levels. Many exciting changes begin as grassroots movements.”
Being ‘An Excellent Dean’Although he is eager to connect with like-minded scholars at Duke, conducting his own research will not be his initial priority at Sanford. He did not choose, for example, to move his Rudd Center to Duke, but he does intend to remain an active public voice in food policy debates.
“My first order of business is to be an excellent dean and, hoping to reach that goal, there might then be the opportunity to build some things in my own area,” Brownell said. He sees great potential to bring to-gether faculty in the Global Health Institute, medical school and elsewhere who share his interests in food and obesity policies.
“It is common for universities to em-phasize the value of being interdisciplinary but I have not seen any university do it to the extent Duke does. It is woven into the mindset of people at the university and has become part of both the culture and the structure of the university,” he said. “It is one of the things that appealed to me most about Duke. And if one is interested in being interdisciplinary then what better place than a policy school to do that?”
After 22 years at Yale, Brownell naturally is sad to leave respected colleagues and longtime friends. He will also miss play-ing guitar in The Road Brothers, a blue-grass band that includes two psychology colleagues and his son Kevin, who plays bass. Brownell’s son Matt, an artist, lives in Brooklyn, and his daughter Kristy lives in Little Rock, Ark., and is doing food systems work as a member of AmeriCorps. Brownell said his family is supportive of his decision, and he is enthusiastically looking forward to moving into his new role and to Durham.
“The challenges and opportunities are very exciting. There are so many good people at Duke. I love the morale at Sanford, and the positive spirit in which people talk about their work. The commitment to social good is very inspiring.”
Editor’s note: Insights is indebted to Duke’s Office of News and Communications, The Chronicle and the Yale Daily News for portions of the reporting in this article.
“It is common for uni-versities to emphasize
the value of being interdisciplinary but I have not seen any
university do it to the extent Duke does.
It is one of the things that appealed to me most about Duke.”
Kelly Brownell makes a presentation during the American Psychological Association annual meeting last year.
©s
IlV
Er
IMa
gE
® P
ho
to
ag
EN
Cy
6 SANFORD InsIghts
sanford news
The PBS program FRONTLINE earned the George Polk Award for Documentary Television Report-ing for “Money, Power and Wall Street,” a four-part investigation into the global financial crisis that
aired in 2012, Long Island Uni-versity announced. Phil Bennett, the Eugene C. Patterson Professor of the Practice of Journalism and Public Policy, is managing editor of FRONTLINE.
William A. “Sandy” Darity, Jr. gave the Mar-tin Luther King Jr. Memorial Lecture at Vanderbilt University’s Law
School on Jan. 14 on “Achieving Racial Equality in ‘Post-Racial’ America.” He was also invited by the Barbados’ Central Bank to give the Sir Winston Smith Memo-rial Lecture in Bridgetown on Nov. 26, 2012. He spoke on “High Unemployment: Global and Local.”
Kenneth A. Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child & Fam-ily Policy, has received a $697,070 National Science Foundation award for the project, “Collab-orative Research: Leveraging Matched Administrative Datasets to Improve Educational Practice and Long Run Life Outcomes: Toward Building a National Interdisciplinary Network.”He also received a $148,518 National Institutes of Health grant for the project “Strengthening Benefit-Cost Analyses of Substance-Abuse Prevention.”
Bruce Jentleson has been named to the board of directors of the National Security Network, founded in 2006 to bring cohe-sion and strategic focus to the progressive national security com-munity. He has also been awarded a visiting research fellowship at the Australian National University for May and June 2013.
Clay Johnson won an Emmy for a documentary, “6,149 Days,” he produced for WRAL-TV. The documentary tells
the story of Greg Taylor, who was wrongly convicted of murder in 1993 and spent 17 years in prison before being exonerated by the N.C. Innocence Inquiry Commis-sion. The documentary was pre-sented at the Midsouth Regional Emmy Awards on Jan. 26.
Helen F. Ladd has received an award for $291,896 from the American Institutes for Research for support for CALDER, the Cen-ter for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research.
kudos
Sanford PhD Candidates Land First PositionsFive PhD candidates in Sanford’s second class of doctoral students are preparing to graduate in May. Four of them have accepted positions for the next academic year.
Ashley Brown Burns has been a fellow at Gettysburg College in public policy and Africana stud-ies this year. Her dissertation is “New Communities in Old Spaces: Evidence from HOPE VI.” She has accepted a position as an assis-tant professor of political science at Amherst College.
Dania Francis will defend her dissertation, “Essays on Education Policy” in April. She will be an assistant professor of economics and Afro-American studies at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
Sarah Fuller will defend her dis-sertation, “Natural Disasters and the Effect on Birth and School Out-comes” this spring and is seeking a post-doc position in the Triangle.
Maeve Gearing will be a research associate in the Labor, Human Services and Population Center at the Urban Institute. Her dissertation is “Childhood Obesity, Development, and Self-Regulation: Three Essays.”
Wei He has accepted a position as a compliance officer at JP Morgan Chase. Her dissertation is “Increasing Socioeconomic Gap in Child Overweight/Obesity and the Impact of Two Important Fam-ily Structural Elements on Child Malnutrition in China.”
In addition, PhD candidate Sarah Pilzer is a research scholar at the Friday Institute in Raleigh and plans to defend her dissertation, titled “School District Student Assignment and Reassignment Policies: Affected Students and their Behavioral Responses” later this year.
“Our students’ success on the job market affirms the strength of Sanford’s interdisciplinary
approach to doctoral education,” said Jacob Vigdor, professor of public policy and economics. “They are trained well enough to beat candidates from traditional disciplinary programs at their own game, but also have an intellectual versatility one would normally associate with scholars many years their senior.”
Vigdor, director of the PhD pro-gram for the last four years, will step down this summer. William McDougall Professor of Public Policy Ken Dodge will direct the program beginning in the 2013-14 academic year.
APPoINTMENTs & PRoMoTIoNsTwo Duke faculty members have received second-ary appointments at Sanford. Nancy MacLean is the Arts and Science Professor of History and associate chair of the department. She is work-ing on the history of efforts to privatize public services and decision-making, with a focus
on school vouchers. Matthew D. Adler, Richard A. Horvitz Professor of Law and professor of philosophy, studies risk regulation, policy analysis and constitutional theory.
Three associate professors have earned promotions to full profes-sor. They are Judith Kelley, Kevin D. Gorter Professor and Bass Fellow, Subhrendu K. Pattanayak and Alexander Pfaff.
Spring 2013 7
By Blair Trame
“You are, in fact, getting what you paid for,” Professor Jacob Vigdor testified in December on behalf of groups representing more than 600 Texas school districts. The groups had sued the state, claiming it is not spending enough money to meet academic standards and the funding it does provide is not equita-bly distributed among schools.
The plaintiffs’ lawyer contacted Vigdor because of research on the effectiveness of teacher merit pay he had conducted with Sanford colleagues Helen Ladd, Charles Clotfelter and former Center for Child and Family Policy research scientist Elizabeth Glennie. Their work showed that higher sala-ries improved teacher retention.
Over the last three years, the Texas student population has increased by 270,000 students,
while the state’s corps of teachers has de-clined by 3,400. The average salary in Texas was $47,311 in 2009-10, below the national average of $54,965 and lower than 32 other states. Vigdor argued that higher salaries would be required to recruit enough highly
qualified teachers to eliminate the shortfall.
“This is a very worrisome situation,” Vigdor said. “It behooves the state to think carefully about whether they are investing in the teacher labor market at a level that is consistent with the goals that they have espoused.”
He took the stand on the 22nd day of the proceedings, and served as “the closer” for the plaintiffs’ argument. His testimony accounted for four hours of 240 total hours of testimony that ended when a judge ruled in favor of the
plaintiffs, which included the Texas School Coalition. The state has indicated it will appeal the ruling to the Texas Supreme Court.
Vigdor said he has been retained or pre-pared expert reports in suits a couple of times before, including for a major housing discrimi-nation case brought by the U.S. Department of Justice. This was the first proceeding that actually went to trial.
‘We Call to the Stand...’
GG2022 Fellows include, from left, Johannes Gabriel, Germany, the Global PublicPolicy Institute; Fabian Wigand, Germany, the Desert Energy Industrial Initiative; Tana Johnson, U.S.A., Sanford School; and Ting Guan, China, Zhejiang University. M
at
th
aIs
Er
FUr
t
Assistant Professor Tana Johnson is working with academics and practitioners from around the world to address the need for new global governance organizations related to energy. She
was one of eight U.S. fellows selected to participate in Global Gover-nance 2022, along with an equal number from Germany and China. The 24 fellows are divided among three working groups—energy, cybersecurity and development. The Global Public Policy Institute in Berlin initiated the project.
“There is a lack of global governance structures for energy, in contrast to development, which is almost over-saturated with institu-tions,” said Johnson. The most prominent existing institution is the International Energy Agency, but China, crucial to any global approach to energy, is not a member.
Johnson’s group met in Berlin in August and Beijing in January, and will meet a final time in Washington, D.C., in May. Their task is to cre-ate scenarios for 10 years in the future for international institutions for energy. This type of scenario-building has been popular in the private sector, but it’s a new approach to bring into public sector problems, Johnson said. Each group will produce a final report for the meeting in May, and publish articles and op-eds based on their work. Johnson is excited to bring the insights gained through the fellowship back to her classrooms and to her work with Sanford’s Geneva program.
“During our meeting in Beijing, we met with officials at the Germanembassy about their outreach to China on energy. I realized that other countries will be working together on these issues, with or without the U.S.” she said.
Johnson Invited to Join GlobalEnergy Governance Project
In 1950, Texas school teachers earned 50 percent more than Texas registered nurses. By 2010, the opposite was true. (U.S. Census; analysis by Jacob Vigdor.)
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Aver
age
Inco
me,
201
0 D
olla
rs
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year Primary/Secondary Teachers Registered Nurses
8 SANFORD InsIghts
teaching
Flipping the Classroom
What happens when the professor lectures after students have read the material and taken a quiz, rather than before? Or doesn’t lecture at all? Or when student-led study groups are an integral part of the daily classroom experience?
According to several Sanford School professors, deeper learning happens. A few who are trying the “flipped classroom” approach say it’s also noisier, more dynamic and more fun. Student reviews range from enthusiastic and engaged to challenged and sometimes frustrated, but are mostly upbeat, too.
On a recent Thursday in Sanford Assistant Profes-sor Nick Carnes’ “Politics of Public Policy” class, small groups of three or four students are working together on a five-question quiz dealing with topics in agenda setting. Five minutes earlier they complet-ed the quiz individually; now they’re hearing what their classmates think.
When group members disagree on answers, they debate until they come to consensus. Scratch-off answer cards provide instant feedback and allow the professor to see when questions took multiple tries, re-vealing which concepts weren’t well understood. Both sets of weekly quizzes, or “readiness assessments,” count toward each student’s grade. So does group
work. Several times during the se-mester, peers will rate each other on their group participation skills.
Among Sanford’s faculty, Professor Kathryn Whetten pioneered the flipped classroom approach in the fall of 2011. It was her 11th year of teaching “Introduction to Global Health,” and Dean of Under-graduate Education Steve Nowicki encouraged her to give it a try. There is some evidence that it leads
to better retention and higher rates of mastery.
“Because the class is so large, I had always had Monday-morning quizzes as a way to ensure they were doing the work,” Whetten said. “But if you were doing the reading, you would get the answers right. My quizzes have changed to be more profound.” Now, rather than simply defining concepts, students must apply them and defend their reasoning.
After individual and group assess-ments are complete, an application exer-cise might come next. Whetten will give a set of facts: “In Botswana the maternal mortality rate is this, infant mortality rate is this, there is this amount of money—where do you intervene first? Why?”
In addition to peer-to-peer learning, a key characteristic of the approach is that students are acquiring new concepts outside the classroom, Whetten said. They read, watch online videos recorded
by the professor and engage in online experiences. They come to class not to take notes on a professor’s lecture, but to ask questions, solidify their under-standing and apply what they’re learning. Whetten is glad the approach is getting support at Duke.
“My biggest training in teaching was in the Peace Corps, where I was taught how to train people of dif-ferent educational backgrounds and to use different modalities. It’s the first time at Duke where someone said, ‘Let’s help you do this in a different way.’ It has been really helpful.”
Preparing to teach this way took more advance work, Whetten acknowledged. She recorded 5- to 15-minute video lectures totaling about four hours.
“If I do my job right, my students don’t have to force them-selves to memorize lists of facts, they just
learn.” — Nick Carnes
Duke Emphasizes Teaching with Technology, Peer Learning
By Karen Kemp
lE
s t
oD
D/D
UK
E P
ho
to
gr
aP
hy
Spring 2013 9
At first, seeing herself on video was painful, she said.
“My sense is that for people like me it is like redoing an old house. You have to think about what walls to take down, and so on, but for people just starting to teach it would be easier – like building a house from scratch.”
Carnes is a “new-house” guy, having begun his first faculty job here in 2011. He’s adopted the flipped classroom wholesale and loves it.
“If you ever learned to ride a bike, drive a car, play a sport, cook—the way you’ve done it is prob-ably 10 percent listening and 90 percent practice. That’s how people learn. If I do my job right, my students don’t have to force themselves to memorize lists of facts, they just learn.”
Three MPP students who took Carnes’ graduate-level politics course have become advocates of the teaching style. All are now seeing the flipped course not as students, but as Carnes’ teaching assistants. They also are former middle-school math teachers.
As a flipped classroom student, Alyssa Chudnofsky MPP ’14 found learning more engaging. “It’s so much more interesting than sitting and being spoken to and taking notes. I’m not here at Duke for a book report.”
Danny Heller MPP ’14 agreed. “I truly enjoyed it and wish I had thought of it when I was a teacher,” he said. “Being accountable to my group made me do the reading more carefully,” he noted, adding that he found other benefits of group work that he’ll carry over to future jobs.
“Before this, I didn’t know I hogged conversations. You get a lot of oppor-tunities to practice group skills, and I improved how I conduct myself. One of the things I’ve learned at Sanford is how to show up with your best stuff every day on a short timeline.”
Lucas Westmaas MPP ’14 said undergraduates haven’t been completely wowed with the approach. “We’re grading them all the time and they freak out when the grades are low,” he said.
Duke undergrads are used to competing for grades, Chudnofsky said, and want to excel. It’s quickly noticed when a group member isn’t pre-pared, and hard to succeed with typical college ploys like skating by for a few weeks and cramming to catch up. Defending their analyses—and sometimes being publicly wrong—can be uncomfortable.
Carnes believes that’s a good thing. “In profes-sional life everyone experiences a time when they
are not prepared for a meeting and it does not go well. It’s good to get experience with that in a safe environment.”
Professor Charles Clotfelter, a 30-year teaching veteran, decided to borrow parts of the inverted teaching style this semester. In his undergraduate course, “Economics of the Public Sec-tor,” students are assigned to groups and complete weekly individual and group quizzes before he lec-tures on the reading material. He’s also trying “cold calling” rather than asking students to volunteer to answer questions.
“It’s kind of friendly. They can tell my TA in advance if they are not ready that day. After all, I want them to come to class—it’s better for them to come even if they are not prepared. The thing I want to avoid the most is passivity on the part of students.” So far,
the new techniques seem to be working well and the teams are developing camaraderie, Clotfelter said.
Whetten hasn’t observed a huge difference in test results. She believes the strategies may be most ben-eficial in subjects that require memorization, such as statistics or anatomy. Regardless of subject matter, “I do think it provides a deeper grounding in the material, rather than just studying for midterms and finals. It is a neat model and students like it because it is different.”
“I truly enjoyed it and wish I had thought of it when I was a teacher.”—Danny Heller, MPP ’14
“It’s the first time at Duke where someone said, ‘Let’s help you do this in a different way.’ It has been reallyhelpful.”— Kathryn
Whetten
Could This Time Be Different?
By Jackie Ogburn
School Shooting Thrusts Sanford Experts into National Gun Policy Debate
“Since the debate over gun control is being waged partly in bumper-sticker slogans, it might be appropriate to summarize the evidenced-based conclusion like this: Guns don’t kill people, they just make it real easy.” —Philip J. Cook, op-ed, “How We Can Reduce Gun Violence,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, Jan. 8, 2013.J
os
al
EE
th
rIF
t/V
al
lE
y IN
DE
PE
ND
EN
t s
EN
tIN
El
gIN
a J
aC
oB
s/s
hU
tt
Er
st
oC
K.C
oM
Spring 2013 11
Could This Time Be Different?Columbine, Virginia Tech, Aurora, Tucson— these place names have become shorthand for the worst mass shootings in the United States. On Dec. 14, 2012, when 20 first-graders and six adults were killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School, Newtown, Conn., was added to that miserable list.
In the intense media coverage that followed, two Sanford professors, Philip Cook, ITT/Terry Sanford Professor of Public Policy and professor of economics, and Kristin Goss, associate profes-sor of public policy and political science, became important voices in the renewed national debate over gun policy.
Having studied mass shootings since the 1990s, Goss knew that even before the police had pieced together what had happened, reporters would want to know about the political and policy implications. Goss’ book, Disarmed: The Missing Movement for Gun Control in America, examines the organizational, historical and policy factors that have shaped the gun control movement. The Columbine High School shooting in 1999 fueled the study. She had attended a high school just a few miles away, and she wondered why a nation with so much gun violence seemed to have had such trouble mobilizing around a policy response.
Initially, Goss wondered whether the Sandy Hook shooting and its aftermath would follow the typical pattern.
“Usually, the media call the day after the shooting, and by the third day, it quiets down,” said Goss. After each tragedy, the questions from reporters are the same, Goss said. The international reporters ask her to explain American gun culture and wonder if things will change. American reporters want to know what will happen next.
That was the pattern after the shootings at Virginia Tech in 2007, where 32 people were killed; in Tucson in 2011, where six died and Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords was seriously wounded; and in Aurora, Colo., where 12 died and 58 were wounded in a movie the-ater. Moral outrage, sorrow, but little or no new policy.
At the same time, reporters sought out Cook for his exper-tise in gun and crime policy. Cook has researched the costs and consequences of widespread gun ownership for much of his ca-reer. He is the co-author with Jens Ludwig of the book Gun Vio-lence: The Real Costs, which laid out a new and much more com-prehensive method for evaluating the social costs of gun violence.
Sisters Sara, 12, Jessica, 6, and Kaitlyn Gerckens, 10, (from left) of Derby, Conn., gather at the Derby Green during a vigil to remember the lives lost during the shooting at Newtown’s Sandy Hook Elementary School.
12 SANFORD InsIghts
They also are the co-editors of Evaluating Gun Policy: Effects on Crime and Violence. Like Goss, Cook was initially skeptical there would be any national policy response.
Responses Gain SteamBy January, it was clear media interest hadn’t waned, in part be-
cause state and federal lawmakers were showing signs of action. Cook and Goss both wrote multiple op-eds, published by CNN, The Times of India, Newsweek, The News and Observer and other outlets.
Both continued to be interviewed by reporters from NPR, Reuters, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, among others, and by media outlets from countries as diverse as Austra-lia, France, Canada, Russia, Singapore and the UK. A Turkish TV station produced an hour-long special program that included an interview with Cook.
President Obama appointed Vice President Joe Biden to lead a gun violence task force. The NRA called for armed guards in ev-ery American school. High-profile veterans, including Gen. Colin Powell, Gen. Stanley McChrystal, and Beau Biden, an Iraq War veteran and the attorney general of Delaware, spoke out in support of reform.
Public policy scholars harbor the hope that their work will in-form the creation of policy, but the slow pace of research and pub-lication often frustrates that hope. This time, the scholarly com-munity seized the moment.
On Jan. 10, more than 110 scholars sent a letter to Vice President Biden and members of his gun violence task force recommending that the government remove restrictions on “firearm-related re-search, policy formation, evaluation and enforcement efforts” and calling for direct investment in data collection and other research.
Since the early 1990s, federal legislation funding the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has mandated that none of the funds “may be used, in whole or in part, to advocate or promote gun control.”
The NIH and CDC are the primary sources of research grants
in public health. When that language was intro-duced into the funding bills, “it completely cut out the public health people,” says Cook. He was one of the first three signatories on the letter to Biden. It in-cluded a list of the number of research awards from 1973 to 2012; there were only three.
Scholars Raise Their VoicesJohns Hopkins University President Ronald Daniels led the
next major scholarly response. A summit held Jan. 14-15 assembled 20 leading experts who presented and analyzed research-based ap-proaches to reducing gun violence. The experts drafted a list of rec-ommendations, including new regulations on background checks, trafficking and dealer licensing, mental health, assault weapons and research funding. Cook was one of the presenters, via Skype.
Two weeks later, the Johns Hopkins University Press published the edited volume, Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis, which collected the work of the summit participants, with a forward by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Copies were sent to policymakers across the country, including members of Congress and the Obama administration.
Cook and Ludwig co-authored the second chapter, “The Limi-tations of the Brady Act: Evaluations and Implications.” Their re-search found little impact on the rate of homicides and suicides that could be attributed to the Brady Act and discussed possible reasons, including the restriction of background checks only to li-censed dealers, the “private sale loophole.”
Cook also co-authored the chapter “Preventing Gun Violence Involving People with Serious Mental Illness,” which raised the
Vice President Joe Biden, center, speaks during a meeting with sportsmen and wildlife interest groups, Jan. 10, 2013, in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building.
Major NIH research awards and cumulative morbidity for select conditions in the US, 1973–2012
Total Total Condition cases awardsCholera 400 212Diphtheria 1337 56Polio 266 129Rabies 65 89
Total of 4 2068 486 diseases
Firearm >4,000,000 3 injuries
As the discussion of federal policy options intensified and began to focus on back-ground checks, a figure from research done by Cook and Ludwig took center stage.
“It’s obvious the 40 percent figure is laying the ground-work for the most important policy relating to guns in 20 years.”
aP
/sU
sa
N w
al
sh
Spring 2013 13
frequently overlooked point that the majority of gun deaths each year are due to suicide, not homicide. The CDC reported that in 2010, 61 percent of all gun deaths in the United States—19,393 of 31,672—were suicides.
The 40 Percent QuestionAs the discussion of federal policy options intensified and be-
gan to focus on background checks, a figure from research done by Cook and Ludwig took center stage. The figure—40 percent—is an estimate of the amount of gun sales that do not involve a feder-ally licensed dealer, and hence would not normally be subject to a background check under current law. It comes from a survey con-ducted in 1994 that they reported on in 1996.
President Obama used the 40 percent figure during his press conference announcing his plan for reducing gun violence. His plan included 23 executive actions; he also called on Congress to close background-check loopholes, ban assault weapons, improve
mental health services and lift restrictions on research. Hours after the president’s announcements, Cook and Goss took part in a con-ference call with staff members from the North Carolina legislative delegation in D.C., discussing the issues and the proposals made by the White House.
Goss, who lives outside Washington, has attended nearly every Capitol Hill hearing on gun policy reforms. At a public forum host-ed by the House gun violence task force leader, Rep. Mike Thomp-son (D-Calif.), “the 40 percent figure was the first statistic that Rep. Thompson mentioned, and it was featured on a huge pie chart on the dais,” Goss said. It also has come up “again and again” in the Senate hearings, she said.
“It’s obvious the 40 percent figure is laying the groundwork for the most important policy relating to guns in 20 years,” she said.
Cook says the estimate “has been misquoted a bit.” Their con-clusion was that the percentage was 30 to 40 percent, rather than precisely 40, and the figure refers to all sorts of transactions, not just sales; gifts and loans of firearms are quite common.
Articles in The National Review contested the 40 percent figure, while The Washington Post ran a “fact-checker” piece on it, calling the information “stale” but acknowledging there is little other re-
search available. Cook found some of the controversy surprising, as the research has long “been out there for everyone to use and enjoy.”
In an op-ed Cook and Ludwig wrote for The National Review they made the point that the case for a universal background check is actually stronger if the true percentage is lower, since as a logi-cal matter it would affect fewer transactions. It’s one case where he hopes his critics are correct, he said.
A New Chapter — PerhapsThere have been some signs of political change. Gun control
was a major issue in a special Democratic primary for a Chicago congressional seat. The candidate with an “F” rating from the NRA attracted outside funders, including Mayor Bloomberg, and won the election over a favored candidate with an NRA “A” rating.
The Senate Judiciary Committee held a series of hearings on gun violence in January and February. Goss attended the hear-ings, including one on Feb. 27, when Neil Heslin, the father of a
boy shot at Sandy Hook, offered testimony. “It was very emotional; everyone was in tears,” she said. In March, four bills passed out of committee and were expected to be considered by the full Senate. The bills would crack down on transfers to people not le-gally allowed to own guns, expand the background check system, fund im-provements in school security and ban assault weapons and high-capac-ity magazines. Gun policy reform measures have also passed, or are mov-ing through, legislatures in several states.
Goss is writing a follow-up book to Disarmed. “There is so much to learn by studying this in real time,” she said. Social change often happens when new voices join the debate, and Goss sees that happening now on gun violence. For example, exactly two years after she was shot in the head at a constituent event, former Con-gresswoman Giffords launched Americans for Responsible Solu-tions to raise money for pro-gun-control candidates and lobby for the cause.
Both Cook and Goss think the legislation with the best chance of success is a measure to extend the scope of background checks. At the request of Oxford University Press, they are in discussions to co-author a book on gun violence and policy in a short, acces-sible Q&A format. “It’s a chance to educate the public” on the issue, said Cook.
“The time for shrill, slogan-driven ‘national conversations’ is over,” said Goss. “The time to really talk has just begun.”
Media converge on a gun rights advocate during a protest Dec. 17, 2012 in Washington, D.C. outside the NRA office.
Ma
JU
Nz
NK
/Cr
Ea
tIV
E C
oM
Mo
Ns
lIC
EN
sE
“With Friday’s defiant state-ment, the National Rifle Association massed its troops along familiar fronts in the culture war—and even opened some new battle lines. But it also squandered an opportunity to participate in reasonable dialogue with an America that has begun losing its appetite for political extremism.” —Kristin Goss, op-ed, “The NRA’s Vision of ‘Genuine Monsters,’” CNN online, Dec. 24, 2012.
14 SANFORD InsIghts
By Blair Trame
After 10 years as director of the Duke Center for Genome Ethics, Law and Policy, Dr. Robert Cook-Deegan has stepped aside to focus on re-search, policy engagement and teaching. He weighs in on the impending U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding patentable genetic matter (in which he co-authored several amicus curiae briefs), the privacy implications of mapped genomes and his role in the new Duke in D.C. program.
Genomes, Mapping & Patents
interview RoBERT Cook-dEEGAN, M.d.
Recent events suggest the Supreme Court may reverse established practice in bio-technology patents, making DNA molecules whose se-quences are found in living organisms ineligible to be patented. What are the impli-cations of this decision?
This case is unusual because it does not pit two litigants in a fight over who gets patent rights. The suit was brought by the ACLU and the Public Patent Founda-tion in order to change the law,
not to make money. The suit was filed against the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Myriad Genetics and members of the board that oversees patents held by the Uni-versity of Utah. Companies whose business plans are based on gene patents for DNA-based tests would have to devise a different patent strategy if the court rules against Myriad. That’s actually not very many companies.
However, the intellectual framework that comes out of the decision could have an impact on other patents—for antibiotics, vaccines, hormones, stem cells and diagnostics on infectious microbes that are found in nature. This could affect agricultural biotechnology, environmental bio-technology, green-tech, the use of organisms to produce alternative fuels and other applications.
What is your prediction?
I expect the Supreme Court to reverse lower court decisions at least in part. I expect the Supreme Court to say that genes are just not the sort of thing that can be patented. Exactly how they say that is just as important as whether that’s what they decide.
How will this inform your work at Sanford?It will enrich my teaching, and has given me perspective on the challenges in higher education. I am working on an article for the Association of Governing Boards about the advantages of hav-ing a trustee serve as an interim president, as someone who can pose broader questions to the administration.
Implications of making one’s genetic information public have been in the news recent-ly. Can personal privacy be protected while still meeting the needs of the research community?
Most of the time, yes, but some protections that we need are not yet in place. The idea that you can make your whole genome se-quence publicly available and that nobody would know it is yours no longer appears to be plausible. So, in the age of DNA sequencing, what we mean by anonymity will change. The federal Genetic In-formation Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) prohibits discrimination in health insurance and employ-ment, and many states have even stronger protections. Safeguards and penalties for misuse similar to those that govern financial data could be applied to genetic data. States and other countries are beginning to take this on. The federal government may also expand beyond GINA.
The Affordable Care Act pro-tects individuals from being denied health insurance based on pre-existing conditions, including those discovered through genetic testing.
Currently, there are no laws governing the use of genetic information by life insurance, long-term care insurance and disability insurance compa-nies. What does this mean for consumers? For insurers?
Insurers already use question-naires and interviews to gauge the risk of, say, Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, there is nothing stop-ping insurers other than health insurers from denying coverage to consumers based on genetic infor-mation. Conversely, companies in the market need to protect against such risk or they could go bank-rupt. Sanford Professor Don Taylor has analyzed options for the long-term care insurance market in light of Alzheimer’s disease genetic testing. We could make long-term care insurance an entitlement, we could subside high-risk individuals, we could mandate coverage like automobile insurance, or we can allow the market to stratify into high-risk/high-price and low-risk/low-cost. It’s a policy debate we need to have.
What is your role in the Duke in D.C. program?
I’m teaching one of the courses for Duke in Washington this spring, the first time we’ve offered the program. It’s exactly the teach-ing I love. I believe in the synergy between doing policy research and teaching. It’s really fun for me and I hope also for the students.
In D.C., people are looking to solve policy problems. Duke students can get involved in that process. The program provides an opportunity for academic research layered on top of real-world engagement.
Q:AD
UK
E P
ho
to
gr
aP
hy
Spring 2013 15
The racial balance in North Carolina’s public schools has remained steady since 2005-06, end-ing a trend of growing disparity from the previous decade, but students are increasingly separated
by income. These are among the findings of a comprehensive report from Sanford professors Charles Clotfelter, Helen Ladd and Jacob Vigdor. They studied whether schools in each of the state’s 100 counties mirror the racial and eco-nomic composition of that county as a whole.
“Although state-enforced school segregation is now a distant memory, significant disparities remain between schools, both racial and economic,” Clotfelter said. “These disparities are among the most pressing civil rights issues of our time.”
“Racial and Economic Diversity in North Carolina’s Schools: An Up-date” highlights the important role played by public policies in shaping
the diversity of school populations. Local districts can reduce disparities by merging city and county
school districts and adopting student assignment plans that minimize economic disparities between schools, while state policymakers can take steps to limit the number of charter schools or ensure they have diverse student bodies, the report states.
Ladd noted that across some North Carolina counties, racial and economic imbalances in schools are large. “These disparities are important because research shows they can have negative educational consequences for students,” she said.
Diversity Study Finds Economic Disparities Rising In NC Schools
research
The full report can be read at www.cof.org/nonprofitmedia.
ONLINE
The Nonprofit Media Working Group, a nonparti-san group of foundation and nonprofit media lead-ers, recommended in March that the IRS modernize its rules to remove obstacles in the way of nonprofit news outlets.
The working group, created by the Council on Foundations (COF), grew in part out of a May 2009 conference at the Sanford School of Public Policy organized by Professor James T. Hamilton, director of the DeWitt Wallace Center for Media
and Democracy. Hamilton served as a consultant to the Federal Communications Commission working group that produced the 2011 report, “The Infor-mation Needs of Communities,” and also was a member of the COF working group.
The agency’s “antiquated” approach to granting tax-exempt status has undermined the creation of new media models, the group said in its report, “The IRS and Nonprofit Media: Toward Creating a More Informed Public.”
As more online publications began applying for nonprofit status, the IRS noted the trend and slowed down approvals, Hamilton said. As a member of the COF working group, Hamilton provided the econom-ic argument in favor of granting tax-exempt status to nonprofit news organizations.
“Accountability journalism should be considered a ‘public good,’” Hamilton said. “There is a market failure in news, although the FCC is still not willing to say that. Because of this, organizations trying to provide ‘broccoli journalism’ should receive indirect public support through tax benefits.”
Nonprofit Group Calls On IRS to Modernize Rules for News Startups
The report was published in January in the Sanford Working Papers series online: research.sanford.duke.edu/papers.
The imbalance index measures the degree to which the racial composi-tion of public schools in a county fails to mirror that of the county as a whole. This index ranges from 0 (signifying schools that are perfectly balanced in racial com-position, and thus not segregated) to 1 (signifying total separation of students). An index of 0.20, for example, indicates that actual interracial contact in the schools is 20 percent less than it would be if all schools in the county were perfectly balanced by race.
ONLINE
Counties with the Highest White/Nonwhite School Level Imbalance Index, 2011/12
1 Halifax 0.482 Davidson 0.353 Mecklenberg 0.334 Alamance 0.275 Forsyth 0.276 Lenoir 0.267 Guilford 0.258 Chatham 0.249 Union 0.2410 Rowan 0.22
Source: N.C. Department of Public Instruction, membership data, 2011/12. Authors’ calculations.
16 SANFORD InsIghts
During her four years at Duke, senior Melissa Yeo has explored media from different angles: snapping photographs for The Chronicle, serving as a research assistant on media-related projects, interning for the Sanford School of Public Policy’s commu-nications office and, finally, writing a thesis analyz-ing media coverage of the Fukushima disaster.
She started working at The Chronicle during the first week of her freshman year, and rose to photog-raphy editor during her junior year. Among the high-lights were photographing President Obama during a visit to the Triangle, and twice shooting Duke-UNC basketball games. She currently serves as the creative director for Towerview, The Chronicle’s magazine.
Yeo, originally from Singapore, will graduate with a double major in public policy and environmental sciences and policy. The public policy major allowed her to combine the majority of her academic inter-ests, she said.
“When I was trying to decide what to major in in college I was torn between history, economics and political science,” Yeo said. “Public policy presented itself as a mix of all three. It’s a way for me to do one major but study all the things I’m academically interested in.”
Her favorite professors include Evan Charney, who taught Policy Choice as Value Conflict, envi-ronmental history professor Gunther Peck and Phil Bennett, who taught News as a Moral Battleground. Her closest relationship has been with Jay Hamilton, who taught Political Analysis for Public Policy.
Yeo started as Hamilton’s research assistant during the summer after her freshman year. Yeo’s projects over the next two years included evaluat-ing the effectiveness of open government initiatives and assessing press access laws across states. She worked as his research assistant until her junior year, when, with his encouragement, she became his thesis student.
“Professor Hamilton really shaped my interest in media analysis and media economics, and strongly encouraged me to do a thesis,” Yeo said.
Initially, Yeo thought she wanted to write about media coverage of climate change. But, a personal experience led her to change her topic. She planned to study abroad in Japan during the summer after her sophomore year, but the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011, and her parents refused to let her go to Japan. She told them Fukushima was far from where she planned to study, but her parents insisted it was unsafe, citing what they had read in newspapers. Yeo said this prompted her interest in studying how
media covered Fukushima.Yeo’s thesis explored
whether physical proximity to a domestic nuclear plant affected a U.S. newspaper’s coverage of Fukushima. She conducted a content analysis of more than 1,400 newspaper articles from 60 cities, coded each with one of 12 possible codes, found how much of each content type appeared and measured that against the distance to the nearest nuclear plant.
“I was surprised by how clear and consistent the results from my data were,” Yeo said.
Yeo found coverage of U.S. nuclear facilities increased after the Fukushima accident. Newspapers closer to a nuclear
senior profile MELIssA YEo
Student Focuses Duke Experienceson Points Where Media, Policy Meet
By Anna Koelsch
MIC
ha
El
Ka
PP
El
Background art: An upended house in Ofunato, Japan, following an earthquake and subsequent tsunami, March 15, 2011. (Credit: U.S. Navy Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Matthew M. Bradley)
Cooling towers of the Byron Generat-ing Station in northern Illinois, about 110 miles west of Chicago.
“When I was trying to decide what to major in, I was torn between history, economics and political science. Public policy presented itself as a mix of all three.”
Spring 2013 17
plant demonstrated a greater in-crease in articles about nearby plants, while newspapers farther from a nuclear plant demonstrated a smaller increase. The changes were propor-tional to the proximity of the plants.
She also found that newspapers closer to nuclear plants provided more information about safety and the technological causes of the meltdown, while newspapers farther from nuclear plants tended to write about human interest and health im-plications. Her thesis earned highest distinction in the public policy major.
Yeo said writing a thesis taught her a lot about her academic interests and her working style, as well as how to set deadlines and effectively manage time.
“I loved my thesis because I’m interested in media analysis, and I’m interested in Japan, so every-
thing came together,” Yeo said.In her last semester at Duke, Yeo
interned for McKinney, a Durham-based advertising agency. The experi-ence was a change of pace from her other internship experiences, which included working as a research intern at the Singapore Institute of International Affairs in 2011 and as a communications intern for the League of Conservation Voters in Washington, D.C. After graduation, Yeo said she hopes to work in some facet of communications.
“My thesis really helped solidify my interest in how people connect to policy, how people connect to ideas, and how policy and ideas are
communicated to them,” Yeo said. “… I want to do something in the media world that explores that connection more.”
After 23 years at Duke, James T. (Jay) Hamilton will leave at the end of this semester for Stanford University in California, where he will become the Hearst Professor of Communication and direct the school’s graduate program in journalism.
Hamilton, the Charles S. Sydnor Professor of Public Policy and pro-fessor of economics and political science at Duke, has directed San-ford’s DeWitt Wallace Center for Media and Democracy since 2008. He also co-leads the undergradu-ate Policy Journalism and Media Studies Certificate program.
In 2012, Hamilton received Sanford’s Susan E. Tifft Under-graduate Teaching and Mentoring Award in recognition of teach-ing that exemplifies hands-on, integrated learning. He taught more than 2,000 Duke students, many in the core course “Political Analysis for Public Policy,” which he taught 25 times. Hamilton also mentored 81 students though honors theses, master’s projects and independent studies.
Hamilton said the new profes-sorship will give him the oppor-tunity to continue his research in the emerging field of computa-tional journalism in a region ideally matched for it—Silicon Valley. Ninety percent of Stanford’s fresh-men take an introductory computer science course, he noted.
“I’m hoping the journalism program will become a larger hub that attracts new tech companies to the field of journalism,” he said. Hamilton will continue pur-suing a renewal of “accountability journalism,” which has suffered due to major economic shifts in the media industry. He has two related books in progress.
The Stanford communica-tions department has about 65 undergraduate journalism majors, a technology-focused master’s degree program and the na-tion’s top-ranked PhD program. Hamilton spent a sabbatical year at Stanford’s Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in 2007-08, led two workshops at Stanford and has collaborated
with future colleagues, includ-ing co-author Fred Turner. The department’s faculty includes veterans of The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times.
Under Hamilton’s direction, the DeWitt Wallace Center hired lead-ing journalists as professors of the practice, sought new economic models for news, and aimed to create new tools to lower the cost of investigative reporting—the mission of the center’s Reporters’ Lab, launched by Sarah Cohen in 2011. Closing the gap in data and news available to low-income people has been another area of focus for the center.
Hamilton served as a consul-tant to the Federal Communica-tions Commission and pursued other media policy engagement projects, while also forging new interdisciplinary connections on campus. A Duke lecture series on computational journalism will be-gin next year in partnership with the computer science department.
“The opportunity to go to Stanford was a great opportunity for Jay,” Dean Bruce Kuniholm
said in an email message to Sanford School faculty and staff, “and the prospect of a leadership position in one of the top journal-ism programs in the country, at a school whose resources dwarf Duke’s, was one that was impos-sible for him to pass up…
“Jay has been one of very few who have made Sanford what it is over the last 20 years and we owe more than I can recount here for what he has done for us.”
Hamilton was assistant director of the Sanford Institute in 2001-02 and revamped the undergraduate curriculum during the time he served as director of undergraduate studies (2004-07). He was a candidate for dean of the school during its first search in 2011-12, but did not seek the position when a new search began last fall.
Founding director of the SanfordInstitute Joel Fleishman, profes-sor of law and public policy, told The Chronicle he was heartbroken to learn of Hamilton’s decision.
“This is truly an extraordinary loss for Sanford and Duke,” he said.
Hamilton to Depart for Stanford
Ma
tE
EN
sa
FFa
rIa
N
Read another student profile online: Public Policy Senior Ian Harwood researched college gender violence prevention programs.
http://bit.ly/10sJfuz
ONLINE
18 SANFORD InsIghts
Clotfelter, Charles T., H.F. Ladd, and J.L. Vigdor. Racial and Economic Diversity in North Carolina’s Schools: An Update. Sanford School of Public Policy Working Paper 13-01 (Jan. 16, 2012). bit.ly/ZiWCNh
Clotfelter, C.T., H.F. Ladd, and J.L. Vigdor. The Aftermath of Accelerating Algebra: Evidence from a District Policy Initiative. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 18161 (June 2012).
Clotfelter, C.T. Op-ed. Even in Death, College Sports Fans Remain Die-Hards. Indianapolis Star, Nov. 30, 2012. Col-lege Football Fans are Devoted, Right to the End, Newark Star-Ledger, Nov. 30, 2012. College Team Passions are Never Laid to Rest, News and Observer, Dec. 3, 2012.
Cook, Philip J. and J. Ludwig. 2013. The Limited Impact of the Brady Act: Evaluation and Implications. In D. Webster and J.S. Vernick, eds., Reducing Gun Violence in America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Swanson, Jeffrey W., P.J. Cook, et al. 2013. Preventing Gun Violence Involv-ing People with Serious Mental Illness. In D. Webster and J.S. Vernick, eds., Reducing Gun Violence in America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Cook, P. J., Op-ed. Gun Point, The Times of India, Dec. 24, 2012. How can we reduce gun violence? The Chronicle of Higher Education, Jan. 8, 2013.
Cook, P.J. Book Review. Voice of Calm in Debate on Guns: Craig R. Whitney’s ‘Living With Guns’ Nods to Both Sides. The New York Times, Dec. 25, 2012.
Cook-Deegan, Robert, et al. 2012. The Next Controversy in Genetic Test-ing: Clinical Data as Trade Secrets? The European Journal of Human Genetics. Nov. 14, 2012. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.217
Cook-Deegan, R. 2012. Law and Sci-ence Collide Over Gene Patents. Science 338:745-747.
Cook-Deegan, R. 2013. Genomics and Patents: A Practical Guide for Genome Scientists and Clinical Researchers. In G. S. Ginsburg and H.F. Willard, eds., Genomic and Personalized Medicine Vol.1 (2nd Ed.). London: Elsevier (Academic Press): 464-473.
Darity, Jr., William, A.A., Aja, and D. Hamilton. Op-ed. If Not Race, Then Wealth: Why Universities Should Avoid Income As Proxy for Race-Based Admis-sions Policy. Huffington Post, Jan. 16, 2013.
Darity, Jr., W. 2012. From Here to Full Employment. Review of Black PoliticalEconomy Online, Nov. 2012. bit.ly/12xok09
Darity, Jr., W. et al. 2012. Antipoverty Policy: The Role of Individualist and Structural Perspectives. In P.N. Jefferson, ed., The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press: 780-796.
Darity, Jr., W. et al. 2012. Causality in the Relationship Between Mental Health and Unemployment. In L.D. Appelbaum, ed., Reconnecting to Work: Policies to Mitigate Long-Term Unemployment and Its Consequences. Kalamazoo, Mich.: W. E. Upjohn Insti-tute for Employment Research: 63-94.
Darity, Jr., W., and D. Hamilton, 2012. Crowded Out? The Racial Composition of American Occupations. In J.S. Jackson et al., eds., Researching Black Com-munities: A Methodological Guide. University of Michigan Press: 60-78.
Darity, Jr., W., and D. Hamilton, 2012. Bold Policies for Economic Justice. Review of Black Political Economy 39 (1):79-85.
Darity, Jr., W. 2011. A New (Incorrect) Harvard/Washington Consensus: Review of William Julius Wilson’s More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City. DuBois Review 8(2):467-476.
Elson, Tony. 2012. Global Financial Reform—Where Do Things Stand? World Economics 13(2):155-170.
Fuller, Sarah, and H. F. Ladd. 2013. School-Based Accountability and the Distribution of Teacher Quality Among Grades in Elementary Schools. CALDER Working Paper 75 (February 2013).
Gassman-Pines, Anna, E. B. Godfrey and H. Yoshikawa. 2013. Parental goals moderate the effects of welfare policies on children: A person-environment fit approach. Child Development 84:198-208.
Goss, Kristin A. 2012. The Paradox of Gender Equality: How American Women’s Groups Gained and Lost Their Public Voice. University of Michigan Press.
Hemming, Richard, and G. Everaert. 2012. Some Fiscal Priorities for Devel-opment. In T. Henckel, ed., Sustaining Development and Growth in East Asia. Oxford: Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia, Oct. 3, 2012.
Hemming, R. 2012. Public Debt Sustainability and Hidden Liabilities in the Peoples’ Republic of China. In B. Ferrarini et al., eds., Public Debt Sustainability in Developing Asia. Asian Development Bank/Routledge.
Hemming, R., et al. 2013. Beyond the Annual Budget—Global Experi-ence with Medium-Term Expenditure Frameworks. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
Jentleson, Bruce. 2012. The Obama Administration and R2P: Progress, Problems and Prospects. Global Responsibility to Protect Journal 4(4).
Kelly, Roy. 2013. Property Tax Collection and Enforcement. In W.J. McCluskey et al., eds., Primer for the Property Tax: Policy and Adminis-tration. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publications Ltd.:141-170.
Das, Jishnu, Manoj Mohanan, et al. 2012. In Urban and Rural India, A Standardized Patient Study Showed Low Levels of Provider Training and Huge Quality Gaps. Health Affairs 31(12): 2774-2784.
Pizer, William A., R.G. Newell and D. Raimi. 2013. Carbon Markets 15 Years after Kyoto: Lessons Learned, New Challenges. Journal of Economic Perspectives 27(1):123-46.
Vigdor, Jacob L. 2013. Solving America’s Math Problem. Education Next 13(1). bit.ly/RfbppH
This is a sample of publications by Sanford faculty. For more complete information visit faculty web pages at www.sanford.duke.edu
faculty books & publications
Professors Update Book on HIV in the South
A second edition of “You’re the First One I’ve Told:” The New Faces of HIV in the South
by Kathryn Whetten, professor of public policy and global health, and Brian Pence, associate professor of community and family medicine and global health, has been released by Rutgers University Press. First pub-lished in 2002 with Trang Quyen Nguyen as co-author, the book featured the stories of 25 people living with HIV/AIDS combined with survey data from the Deep South.
In the 10 years since, HIV/AIDS has continued to spread through the rural South, which accounts for 36 percent of new cases while representing 22 percent of the U.S. population. The book’s second edition incorporates research from the authors’ recent quantitative study, “Coping with HIV/AIDS in the South-east” (CHASE), which includes 611 HIV-positive patients from North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana. The research showed that many of the patients had also experi-enced sexual abuse, family violence and other traumatic events and highlights challenges to treating this population.
“We found that HIV was simply one more event in a long history of traumatic life experiences,” the authors wrote. “We believe it is critical to develop HIV medical care models that acknowledge, ask about and respond to patients’ life histories in order to best promote patients’ health.”
Spring 2013 19
By Blair TrameMore than 30 Sanford alumni have
positions at the Office of Management and Budget and the Government Accountability Office, where they have access to the White House and top cabinet agency administra-tors and provide influential analyses for critical decision making.
The number of MPP alums in these agencies is considerable, given the relatively small size of Sanford’s master of public policy program, said Donna Dyer, the San-ford School’s director of career services.
At the GAO, Sanford alums total 18, in-cluding staff at the main Washington, D.C., office as well as in various field offices. OMB boasts more than a dozen Sanford alums at every level of the organization. As Associate Director for Health Keith Fontenot MPP ’82 oversaw the massive health care budget and prepared many analyses for the health
reform effort. He left March 31st for Brookings Institution. Controller Danny Werfel MPP ’97 is guiding federal agencies through the spending cuts demanded in implement-ing the sequester. In
addition, branch chiefs and analysts manage important financial accounts in many policy areas, including health care, education, energy, environment and infrastructure development.
At the OMB, Werfel says, “We work in a fast-paced environment where every day has a different footprint. We support the presi-dent and his administration, which depends on us as a critical anchor for how they ap-proach any policy debate.” Werfel explained that most assignments have a turnaround of only one to three hours.
Analytical skills and the ability to com-municate concisely and effectively are
paramount at both agencies, alumni said. Gregory Wilhusen, director of informa-tion security issues at the GAO, summed up three primary attributes he looks for when hiring GAO staff.
“We look for people with critical thinking skills, capable of doing data-driven analysis. We look for people with strong communica-tion skills, people who can write in a concise and convincing manner. Lastly, our projects usually include team members of different skill sets and backgrounds, so the ability and energy to operate and coordinate with oth-ers is key.”
Senior Policy Analyst Rebecca Rose MPP ’09 says, “At the GAO, there are quantitative and qualita-tive folks, and neither group does a very good job of coordinating with each other. Bridging this divide is key. The skills I picked up at Sanford allow me to do just that.”
GAO Digital Communications Manager Jeremy Cluchey MPP ’09, took his com-munication skills a step further, applying his broadcast experience at Duke’s radio station, WXDU, when he launched the GAO podcast program. Since its inception in 2010, Cluchey has produced over 140
podcasts. Podcasts usually feature Cluchey engaging in a question and answer session with GAO report authors.
“Podcasts are an effec-tive way to communicate the work that GAO does.
Instead of reading our reports, people can listen to a 5-minute podcast and get the gist of the research that’s coming out of the GAO.”
Will Carroll MPP ’10, program examiner in OMB’s education branch, is responsible
for policy ranging from charter schools to education on Native American reservations. The wide expanse of policy areas requires a strong knowledge base as well as the industriousness to gain deeper knowledge on an issue.
Says Carroll, “I’m not able to be an expert on every one of the programs I oversee. When a proposal comes my way, I need to know where to find quality information and where to find it quickly.”
In the fast-paced environment of the OMB, Carroll and Laura Duke MPP ’06, program examiner, VA/defense health branch, said communicating with busy bosses, “may mean summarizing your expertise in a one-paragraph email.” Carroll says stating the facts isn’t enough. “We’re expected to go out on a limb and make a recommendation.”
Because both agencies are small and have flat organizational charts, new staff can quickly make key contributions, Dyer said. At GAO, for example, staff members testify before Congress on the results of their research more than 200 times each year. Sanford alums have thrived at both agencies.
“The personalities of each organiza-tion suit different types of people,” Dyer said. “Those who are interested in research and analysis and finding the right answer gravitate to the GAO,” she said. “People who value the proximity to the White House and administration, the faster pace and finding the politically expedient answer, backed up by solid analysis, gravitate to the OMB. In both places, they find their work makes a difference.”
During a Senate Appropriations Committee hearing on sequestration in Washington D.C., Feb. 14, 2013, Controller Danny Werfel, Office of Management and Budget, far left, testifies with the Secretaries of Education, Arne Duncan; HUD, Shaun Donovan, Homeland Security Janet Napolitano, and Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter.
Sanford Alums Plentiful at GAO, OMB
alumni
Er
IN a
. KIr
K-C
Uo
Mo
, Do
D
20 SANFORD InsIghts
By Kristin A. Goss Associate Professor of Public Policy and Political Science
T hroughout much of the 20th century, American women’s organizations championed broad concerns ranging
from strengthening public education and care for the vulnerable, to environmental-ism, international peace, civil rights and electoral reform. Over time, seismic shifts occurred in the agendas and authority of American women, and in recent times, women’s organizations have become a weaker presence. They focus on specialized concerns and are often regarded as mar-ginal, special-interest players on the national political scene.
How did this happen, and why should we care? My recent study probes women’s na-tional political advocacy from 1878 to 2000 by tracking 10,400 instances when women’s organizations testified before Congress. Examining the groups that testified and the causes they espoused offers a unique window into women’s advocacy and helps us to unravel the causes and consequences of American women’s reduced influence in political life.
THE RISE AND FALL OF WOMEN’S GROUPSThe conventional wisdom about women
in public life goes something like this: In the early 20th century, feisty activists with big hats and bold signs mobilized to win the right to vote—think “the suffragette.” The next generation squandered the victory by embracing wifely and motherly devotion at home—think June Cleaver. There women stayed until the feminist equal rights move-ment erupted in the 1970s, taking them out of the kitchen and into public life – think Hillary Clinton. Unfortunately, this nar-rative gets the story of women’s collective engagement in public life almost exactly wrong.
Far from retreating into private life, organized women in the post-suffrage era charged into the halls of power and played a pivotal role in debates about the most im-portant domestic and foreign policy legisla-tion. The authority of women’s associations peaked during the supposedly placid 1950s and ’60s. In contrast, after the women’s move-ment of the 1970s, women’s groups faded. By the late 1990s, they became less prominent on Capitol Hill than they had been before the right to vote was secured in 1920.
The policy agendas of women’s groups moved from broad advocacy in “the public interest” to lobbying for special rights. From the 1920s through the 1960s, women’s groups spoke to an expanding array of is-sues from education to international affairs, immigration, health care, retirement policy, civil rights and the environment. To convey their political authority, women’s groups often drew on narratives of maternal care and good citizenship, which resonated with women’s roles as mothers and caregivers and leveraged popular perceptions of their special civic virtue.
From the 1970s, however, women’s groups narrowed their emphasis to advocating spe-cifically for female rights, status and wellbe-ing. Maternal and civic narratives gave way to justifications rooted in professional expertise and occupational advancement.
WHAT DROVE CHANGES?Multipurpose, mass-membership asso-
ciations that spoke for tens of millions of women, such as the General Federation of Women’s Clubs, aged and faded from the Washington scene. Smaller feminist groups blazed through Capitol Hill hearing rooms in the 1970s through the early 1980s, but then declined in prominence. Women’s groups that arose in the “post-feminist” era were small and focused on niche causes. Women’s organizations lost breadth, size and national clout for several reasons:
• The movement of mothers and educated women into the paid labor force left them unable to put large amounts of time into associational life, and at the same time boosted women’s reliance on occupational and professional groups.
• Professionalization and specialization took hold for all kinds of U.S. interest groups in the late 20th century, and women’s groups were forced to adapt. Volunteerism and inclusive member activities declined.
• Public policy in the 1970s and after ac-knowledged that women were an aggrieved group and created incentives for them to organize around gender-equality claims. When further policies addressed some of the most glaring injustices, organized activism ironically lost some of its special impetus.
WHY IT MATTERSWomen learn valuable civic skills in
women’s groups—more so than in mixed-gender organizations—and these skills help launch females into political leadership. Con-versely, mixed-gender groups mostly remain male dominated and often fail to articulate or implement women’s distinctive views. Thismatters, because women tend to hold more progressive views on issues such as health care, gun control and international cooperation.
Females remain a minority in public office (e.g., just 17 percent of the House and Senate in 2012), and studies show that women’s groups are key in urging lawmak-ers to champion women’s concerns and sup-porting the lawmakers when they do so.
The Paradox of Gender Equality: How American Women’s Groups Gained and Lost Their Public Voice by Kristin A. Goss (University of Michigan Press, 2012)
Republished with permission from Scholars Strategy Network. www.scholarsstrategynetwork.org
Women’s Voices Falter in American Politics
SCHOLARSSTRATEGYNETWORK
Spring 2013 21
NASHVILLE, TENN.William Darity Jr. Jan. 14, 2013Lecture: “Achieving Racial Equality in ‘Post-Racial’ America”Vanderbilt University School of Law
ORLANDO, FLA.Nicholas CarnesJan. 3-5, 2013Presentation: “Who’s Sell-ing Working-Class Candi-dates Short? [Preliminary] Evidence from a National Survey of State Legislative Candidates”Southern Political ScienceAssociation annual meeting
WEST HOLLYWOOD, CALIF.Robert Cook-DeeganNov. 14, 2012Presentation: “Personal Genomics in an Era of Ubiquitous DNA Sequencing”Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
SAN DIEGO, CALIF. Bruce JentlesonJan. 6, 2013Chaired a session on educational accountabilityAmerican Economic Association meetings
TUCSON, ARIZ. Bruce JentlesonJan. 31, 2013Lecture: “Challenges of the 21st Century and the Future of U.S. Superpower Status”Tucson Committee on Foreign Relations
COPENHAGEN, DENMARK Bruce JentlesonDec. 6, 2012Workshop: Senior Foreign Policy Advisors’ Workshop in International SecurityBrookings Institution and Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
ITHACA, N.Y.Evan CharneyFeb. 7-8, 2013Presentation: “Behavior Genetics and Post Genomics”Cornell University Depart-ment of Psychology
EAST LANSING, MICH. Helen Ladd Dec. 14, 2012Presented paper: “The Aftermath of Accelerating Algebra,” co-authored with Charles Clotfelter and Jacob VigdorMichigan State University, Economics of Education Project
NEW YORK, N.Y.Anna Gassman-Pines Dec. 3, 2012Talk: “Children Left Behind: The Effects of Statewide Job Loss on Student Achievement”Institute of Human Devel-opment and Social Change, New York University
NEW YORK, N.Y. Judith Kelley Oct. 25, 2012Talk: “From Scrutiny to Shame: Social Pressure in U.S. Anti-Human Trafficking Policy”New York University School of Law
WASHINGTON, D.C. Philip CookJan. 24, 2013Speaker: “The role of private sector action in crime control”Vera Institute of Justice
Judith KelleyFeb. 4, 2013Talk: “From Scrutiny to Shame: Information as Social Pressure in International Relations”Georgetown University
Helen LaddFeb. 22, 2013Presented paper: “Developmental Education in North Carolina Community Colleges” Center for the Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER) annual conference
PARIS, FRANCERobert Cook-DeeganNov. 12, 2012Presentation: “Biotech-nology, the Genome, and the Internet: Growing Up Together”Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
COPENHAGEN, DENMARKJudith KelleyOct. 15, 2012Talk: “International Election Observation”Danish Foreign Ministry
SanfordAbroAdSanford School faculty travel worldwide, giving presentations and lectures and conducting research. This map shows selected recent faculty activities.
BANGALORE, INDIAManoj Mohanan Dec. 19, 2012Guest LectureIndian Institute of Management
ISTANBUL, TURKEYHelen LaddOct. 2012Talk on Schools and ReligionInstitute for the Alliance of Civilizations
BRIDGETOWN, BARBADOSWilliam Darity Jr. Nov. 26, 2012Lecture: “High Unemploy-ment: Global and Local”Barbados Central Bank
BALTIMORE, MD.Helen LaddNov. 8-10, 2012Presented two papers: “Developmental Education in North Carolina Community Colleges,” and “Early Childhood Initiatives and Special Education Placement in Third Grade: Evidence from North Carolina,” co-authored with Clara Muschkin and Kenneth DodgeAssociation for Public Policy Analysis & Manage-ment fall conference
Jacob Vigdor November 8-10, 2012Moderated panel discus-sion on school compliance with federal mandatesAssociation for Public Policy Analysis & Manage-ment fall conference
First Class U.s. Postage
PAIDDurham, NC
Permit No.60Duke University Box 90239Durham, NC 27708-0239
STAY CONNECTED sanford.duke.eduFollow us on Twitter: @DukeSanford facebook: www.facebook.com/duke.sanfordschool YouTube: www.youtube.com/DukeSanfordSchool
DU
KE
Ph
ot
og
ra
Ph
y
Six-term veteran Senator Richard Lugar (R-Ind.) gave the Terry Sanford Distinguished Lecture in the Fleishman Commons on Feb. 12. In a conversation
with Dean Bruce Kuniholm, Lugar discussed today’s hyper-partisan climate in Washington. Congress is failing in basic tasks of governance, he said. He called on President Obama to sit down with political opponents to begin to heal the divide.
He blamed the uncivil tone of discourse mainly on “a massive industry that makes money off of political discord.” This industry encompasses broadcast, online and print media, think tanks and Super PACs. While American media have always thrived on controversy, in the Internet era age both the opportunities and the political rewards have mushroomed, Lugar said.
Lugar spent the day visiting public policy classes and meeting with student groups. Find Lugar’s remarks and video of his talk on the Sanford School website: http://bit.ly/VUEmca
Lugar Delivers Sanford Lecture
