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fgUnh O;kdj.k देवेÛि कु मार चौधरȣ

Saral Hindi Vyakaran from Devendra Ji

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सरल हिन्दी व्याकरण Easy Hindi Grammerfrom Devendra [email protected]+919414756120

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Page 1: Saral Hindi Vyakaran from Devendra Ji

fgUnh O;kdj.k

देवे ि कुमार चौधर

Page 2: Saral Hindi Vyakaran from Devendra Ji

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माधवे ि, िनिध, संतोष, वसंत कुमार चौधर

rFkk धम ि जी माचरा dks

Lusg vkSj vk'khokZn

lfgr

lefiZrA

Page 3: Saral Hindi Vyakaran from Devendra Ji

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viuh ckr

;g laf{kIr fgUnh O;kdj.k eSaus fons'k esa cls Hkkjrh;

cPpksa rFkk muds vfHkHkkodksa dks /;ku esa j[k dj fy[kh gSA

muds ekrk&firk blds }kjk cPpksa dks lgh fgUnh dk Kku

djk ldsaxs ,slh vk'kk gSA la{ksi esa eSaus Hkkjrh; eghuksa rFkk

R;kSgkjksa rFkk viuh laLÑfr dk mYys[k Hkh dj fn;k gSA dqN

dgkorsa rFkk eqgkojs Hkh tksM+ fn, gSaA

fl,fVy esa Jh jkt ,oa Jherh dfork >aoj ,d

xq#&dqy uke dh laLFkk cPpksa dks Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ls layXu

j[kus ds mn~ns'; ls pyk jgs gSaA ;g tku dj eq>s gkfnZd

izlUurk gqbZA os cM+s iq.; dk dke dj jgs gSaA vk'kk gS fd ;g

NksVh lh iqfLrdk muds Nk=kksa ds dke Hkh vk ldsxhA

उ लाई] 1 vDVwcj 2001 देवे ि कुमार चौधर

Page 4: Saral Hindi Vyakaran from Devendra Ji

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vuqdzef.kdk

fo"k; lwph i`"B la[;k

leiZ.k 3

viuh ckr 5

nsoukxjh fyfi % 11

o.kkZsa ds Hksn % 12

Loj % 12

O;atu % 15

la;qDr v{kj % 17

orZuh % 18

laKk % 18

loZuke % 19

fyax % 19

opu % 20

iq#"k% 21

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fo"k; lwph i`"B la[;k

dkjd % 21

fdz;k % 23

dky % 24

okP; % 25

fo'ks"k.k % 25

fdz;k& fo'ks"k.k % 26

okD; foU;kl ¼flUVsDl½ % 27

fpUg % 27

lfU/k % 28

Loj lfU/k ;k vp~ lfU/k % 28

O;atu lfU/k ;k gy~ lfU/k % 29

folxZ lfU/k % 30

lekl % 31

leqPp; cks/kd 'kCn % 31

foLe; lwpd 'kCn % 32

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fo�"k; lwph i`"B

la[;k

vknj lwpd 'kCn % 32

ikfjokfjd lEcU/k lwpd 'kCn % 32

rRle rFkk rn~Hko 'kCn % 32

milxZ ¼izhfQ+Dl½ rFkk izR;; ¼lfQ+Dl½% 33

milxZ ¼izhfQ+Dl½% 33

izR;; ¼lfQ+Dl½ % 34

foykse ¼viksft+V½ 'kCn % 34

Ik;kZ; okph ¼fluksfuEl½ 'kCn % 34

rqdkUr ¼jkbfeax oMZ~l½ 'kCn % 35

vaxzst+h 'kCn % 37

i'kqvksa dh cksfy;ka % 37

fxurh rFkk dze% 38

lIrkg ds fnu % 39

eghus % 40

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fo"k; lwph i`"B la[;k

ekSle % 41

R;kSgkj % 42

lkfgR; % 42

x| dh fo/kk % 43

Ik| ¼dfork½ dh fo/kk % 43

dgkorsa rFkk eqgkojs % 44

dgkorsa % 44

eqgkojs % 47

Hkkjrh; laLÑfr % 50

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fgUnh O;kdj.k

fdlh Hkk"kk dk lkQ+] vkSj lgh iz;ksx tkuus ds fy, O;kdj.k dk Kku

vko';d g+SA O;kdj.k dk vFkZ gS VqdM+s djuk ] vFkZkr fdlh Hkk"kk ds 'kCnksa dk

rFkk muds iz;ksxksa dk v?;;u djuk rFkk vius Kku dks le`) cukus dk iz;kl

djukA fgUnh O;kdj.k laLd`r Hkk"kk ds O;kdj.k ij vk/kkfjr gSA fgUnh ij mnwZ

rFkk vaxzst+h dk dkQ+h izHkko gSA u;s u;s 'kCnksa ls Hkk"kk le`) rFkk thoUr curh

gSA cksy&pky dh lHkh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vaxzst+h 'kCnksa dh Hkh Hkjekj gSA

nsoukxjh fyfi %

fgUnh rFkk dbZ vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,a nsoukxjh fyfi esa fy[kh tkrh gSaA

Hkkjr esa Fkkbys.M rFkk dEcksfM;k dss czkãh fyfi ds f'kyk ys[kksa ls Kkr gksrk gS

fd igys laLd`r czkãh fyfi esa fy[kh tkrh FkhA /khjs /khjs ;gh fyfi cnyrs

cnyrs nsoukxjh fyfi cu xbZA nsoukxjh dk vFkZ gksrk gS ^nsoksa ds uxj dh Hkk"kk*

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dh fyfi A ^nso* 'kCn ^fnfo* ls cuk gSA fnfo dk vFkZ gS izdk'kA nso dk vFkZ gS

izdkf'kr ;k izfrf"Br O;fDr ;k oLrqA lHkh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh fyfi FkksM+s

cgqr ifjorZu ds lkFk nsoukxjh fyfi ls feyrh tqyrh gSA v{kjksa ;k o.kkZsa dk

dze Hkh laLd`r ls feyrk tqyrk gSA

/ofu;ksa ds fyf[kr Lo:iksa dh rkfydk dks o.kZekyk dgrs gSaA o.kksa dks

v{kj Hkh dgrs gSA /ofu;ksa dks vyx vyx djds mlds fyf[kr :Ik dk

o.kZu djuk gh ^o.kZekyk* dk dke gSA o.kZ 'kCn o.kZu 'kCn ls cuk gSA v{kj

dk vFkZ gS ftldk dHkh ^{kj.k* ;k uk'k u gksA blhfy, o.kksZadks v{kj dgrs gSA

o.kkZsa ds Hksn %

o.kksZa ds nks Hksn gksrs g]Sa Loj rFkk O;atuA Lojksa dk mPpkj.k Lora+=k :Ik

ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA O;atuksa dk mPpkj.k Loj feyk dj gh fd;k tk ldrk

gS] Lora+=k :Ik ls ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

Loj %

v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ,] ,s] vks] vkS _ vkfn Loj gSaA va

dks vuqLokj rFkk v% dks folxZ dgrs gSaA Lojksa dks laLd`r esa ^vp~* Hkh dgrs

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gSaA Loj rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa] y?kq] nh?kZ vkSj IyqrA y?kq Lojksads mPpkj.k esa

,d ek=kk dk le; yxrk gS] nh?kZ Lojksads mPpkj.k esa nks ek=kk dk le; yxrk

gS vkSj Iyqr Lojksads mPpkj.k esa rhu ek=kk dk le; yxrk gSA · bl fpUg dks

voxzg dgrs gSaA Iyqr Loj n'kkZus ds fy, bl fpUg dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA fdlh

dks iqdkjus ds fy, rFkk xk;u esa Iyqr Loj iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSA

mnkgj.k % v y?kq] vk nh?kZ rFkk vk· Iyqr Loj gSA

Lojksa dks O;atu esa feykus ds fy, mudh ek=kk,a O;atuksa ds lkFk yxkbZ

tkrh gSaA v dh ek=kk yxkus ds fy, O;atu ds uhps ls gyUr dk fpUg ¼~ ~~ ½gVkus

ls dke py tkrk gS] ¼ tSls & d~ $v ¾ d ½ A ek=kk,a O;atu esa Åij uhps

igys ;k ckn esa yxkbZ tkrh gSaA Lojksa dh ek=kk,a dze'k% bl izdkj fy[kh tkrh

gSaA

Loj ek=kk yxusdk LFkku mnkgj.k

v ¾ dksbZ ugha gyUr gV x;k d~ $v ¾ d

vk ¾ k v{kj ds ckn d~ $ vk ¾ dk

b¾ f v{kj ds igys d~ $ f ¾ fd

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bZ ¾ h v{kj ds ckn d~ $ h ¾ dh

m ¾ q v{kj ds uhps d~ $ q ¾ dq

Å ¾ w v{kj ds uhps d~ $ w ¾ dw

, ¾ s v{kj ds Åij d~ $ s ¾ ds

,s ¾ S v{kj ds Åij d~ $ S ¾ dS

vks ¾ ks v{kj ds ckn d~ $ ks ¾ dks

vkS ¾ kS v{kj ds ckn d~ $ kS ¾ dkS

va ¾ μa v{kj ds Åij d~ $ μa ¾ da

v% ¾ % % v{kj ds ckn d~ $ % ¾ d%

_ ¾ ` v{kj ds uhps d~ $ ` ¾ d

¬ ds Åij yxs ¼ Wa ½ bl fpUg dks pUnz fcUnq dgrs gSaA bldk iz;ksx

vuqukfld Loj ds mPpkj.k esa fd;k tkrk gSA tSls % pkWan ] HkWaoj ] QkWal bR;kfn ]

ysfdu vktdy bUgsa pkan ] Hkaoj ;k Qkal Hkh fy[kk tk ldrk gSA

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O;atu %

O;atu dks laLd`r esa gyUr ¼ ~ ½ dk fpUg yxk dj fy[kk tkrk gSA

O;atuksa dks laLd`r esa ^gy* Hkh dgrs gSaA ijUrq fgUnh o.kekyk esa ljyrk dh

n`f"V ls rFkk mPpkj.k djus ds fy, ;g fpUg ugha yxk;k tkrkA

tSlk fd Åij dgk x;k gS d~$v ¾ d vFkkZr~ tc ^d* O;atu fy[kk

x;k rks ,slk ekuuk pkfg, fd mlesa ^v* dh ek=kk yxk nh xbZ gSA

laLd`r ds O;atu fgUnh ds O;atu oxZ LFkku

d~ [k~ x~ ?k ³~ d [k x ?k ³ d& oxZ d.B

p~ N~ t~ >~ ×~k p N t > ×k p &oxZ rkyq

V~ B~ M~ <~ .~k V B M < .k V &oxZ ew/kkZ

r~ Fk~ n~ /~k u~~ r Fk n /k u r &oxZ nUr

Ik~ Q~ c~ Hk~ e~ Ik Q c Hk e Ik &oxZ vks"B

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;~ j~ y~ o~ 'k~ "k~ l g~ ; j y o 'k "k l g

{k =k K J rFkk ¬ ;s la;qDr v{kj laLd`r rFkk fgUnh nksuksa esa gSaA

O;atuksa dk dze bu ds mPpkj.k djus ds LFkku ds vuqlkj j[kk x;k gSA

d& oxZ ds O;atu ¼;kuh d~ [k~ x~ ?k~ rFkk ³~ ½ rFkk g~ ,d lkFk j[ks x,

gSa D;ksafd budk mPpkj.k d.B ls gksrk gSA blh izdkj] p &oxZ rFkk ;~ vkSj

'k~ dk LFku rkyq gSAV&oxZ rFkk j~ vkSj "k~ dk LFkku ew/kkZ gSA r&oxZ rFkk

y~ vkSj l~ dk nUr gSA Ik&oxZ rFkk o~ dk LFkku vks"B gSA bu lHkh oxksaZ ds

vafre o.kZ ¼ ³] ´ ] .k~] u~ ] rFkk e~ ½ ukflD; gSa D;kaasfd buds mPpkj.k

esa ukd dh lgk;rk ysuh iM+rh gSA fgUnh esa] ljyrk ykus dh n`f"V ls] bu lHkh

ukflD; o.kksa dh ek=kk dk fpUg vuqLokj ;kuh ¼ & a ½ j[kk x;k gS bls va

dh ek=kk Hkh dgrs gS A

fgUnh esa dqN /ofu;ka mnwZ rFkk vaxzst+h ls Hkh yh xbZa gSaA bu ds mPpkj.k ds

fy, v{kj ds uhps fcUnq ¼ +½ yxk dj fy[kk tkrk gSA

mnkgj.k % d+ ] [+k ] x+ ] t+ ] Q+ ] M+] <+ bR;kfn A

tgka vko';d gks ] vaxzst+h ds 'kCnksa ds lgh ys[ku rFkk mPpkj.k dh n`f"V

ls ¼ & s ½ rFkk ¼ & S ½ ds LFkku ij dHkh dHkh ¼ & W ½ bl fpUg dks

yxk dj fy[kk tkrk gSA

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mnkgj.k % bUdkWEizhgWfUlc~y*A dEiWfjt+u~*A

la;qDr v{kj %

tc O;atu ds ckn fQj ls O;atu vk tk, rc mls la;qDr v{kj dgrs gSaA

,slh fLFkfr esa igyk okyk O;atu vk/kk fy[kk tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh igys vkus

okys O;atu dks gyUr yxkdj Hkh fy[kk tkrk gSA

mnkgj.k %

la;qDr %& bl 'kCn esa d~ ds rqjUr ckn r~ vk;k gS blfy, vk/kk d

;kuh ^D^ fy[kk x;k gS rFkk mls ^r^ esa feyk fn;k gS ;kuh ^Dr^ bl rjg

fy[kk x;k gSA l~$va ¾ la ;~$m ¾ ;q d~$r~ $ v ¾Dr ¾

la;qDr rFkk v ¾ v d~$"k~$v ¾ {k j~$v ¾ j ¾ v{kj A

vU; la;qDr v{kj Hkh blh izdkj cuk fy, tkrs gSaA =k ]K ] {k ] J]

| ] ) ] } rFkk ¬ fo'ks"k la;qDr v{kj gSaA ¼v$m$e ¾ ¬ ½A

nwljs O;atuksa ls tksM+us ds fy, O;atu ^j* dk :Ik cny dj fy[kk tkrk

gSA tSls Ik~$ j ¾ Ikz ] e~ $j ¾ ez ] V$ j ¾ Vª ] j~ $ Ik ¾ iZ ]

j $ e ¾ eZA ¼ &Z ½ bl fpUg dks jsQ dk fpUg dgrs gSaA

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bl rjg lalkj dh yxHkx lHkh Hk"kkvksa dks nsoukxjh fyfi esa fy[kk tk

ldrk gSA

orZuh %

fgUnh esa orZuh ;kn djus dk Hkh dksbZ >a>V ugha gSA tSlk cksyk tkrk gS

oSlk gh fy[kk tkrk gSA nsoukxjh fyfi dbZ /ofu;ksa ds lgh mPpkj.k dh

oSKkfud fof/k gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkkjrh; Hkk"kk tkuus okys nwljh Hkk"kkvksa dks

tYnh lh[k tkrs gSaA dqN vaxzst+h ds 'kCnksa ds Hkh fgUnh fyfi esa mnkgj.k ns[ksa %

LVs'ku ] dEikVZesUV~~] dEI;wVj~ ] LdkmV~ ] LdkmfVax~ ] izkmM~ ] izkmM~yh

bR;kfnA

fgUnh esa dqN /ofu;ska dk mPpkj.k mnwZ rFkk vaxzst+h ds izHkko ls rFkk

cksypky dh Hkk"kk esa lgtrk ds fy, cny x;k gSA dqN mnkgj.k ns[ksa % fdruk

ds LFkku ij cksyrs gSa fdRuk] fxuuk ds LFkku ij cksyrs gSa fxUuk ] ,sls dbZ

mnkgj.k fey tk,axsA

laKk %

O;fDr&okpd] Hkko&okpd] tkfr&okpdA

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O;fDr&okpd % fdlh O;fDr dk uke ] tSls jke ] ';ke A fdlh oLrq

dk uke ] tSls iyax ] fcLrj ] pknjA fdlh LFkku dk uke tSls dkuiqj ]

fnYyh ] Hkkjr ] vesfjdk A

Hkko&okpd % fdlh Hkko dk uke tSls vkjke] esgur ] vkyl ] xehZ ]

B.MdA

tkfr&okpd % lewg dk uke tSls lfCt+;ka ] Qy ] Qwy] isM+A

loZuke %

og 'kCn tks laKk ds LFkku ij iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

mnkgj.k % ;g og bl ml bls mls fdlsA

fyax %

fgUnh esa nks gh fyax gksrs gSa iqfYyax vkSj L=kh fyaxA fgUnh esa uiqald fyax

ugh gksrk gSA yksd&er rFkk izpfyr iz;ksxksa ds vuqlkj lHkh oLrqvksa ds fyax

eku fy, x, gSaA bldk Kku rks cksyrs] lqurs rFkk Ik<+rs Ik<+rs gh gks ldrk gSA

dqN mnkgj.k ns[ksa A

Vsfcy dqlhZ est+ jtk+bZ pknj L=kh fyax gSaA LVwy lksQ+k yWEi xn~nk dEcy

iqfYyax gSaA bPNk Le`fr o`fRr {kek HkfDr yTtk 'keZ n;k eqgCcr ?k`.kk L=kh fyax

gSaA x+qLlk dzks/k I;kj fopkj mRlkg izse fu'p; bR;kfn iqfYyax gSaA

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opu %

fgUnh esa nks gh opu gksrs gSa ,d opu vkSj cgq&opu A opu cnyus ij

;k rks 'kCn dk :Ik cny tkrk gS ;k cgq&opu lwpd izR;; yxk fn;k tkrk gSA

opu ds lkFk fdz;k Hkh cnyrh gSA

,d opu cgq opu

eSa tkrk gwa ge tkrs gSa

rqe tkrs gks rqe yksx tkrs

og tkrk gS os ;k os yksx tkrs gSa

vkneh tkrk gS vkneh yksx tkrs gSa

cPpk tkrk gS cPps tkrs gSa

fcYyh tkrh gS fcfYy;ka tkrh gSa

fpfM+;k mM+rh gS fpfM+;ka mM+rh gSa

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iq#"k%

iq#"k rhu gksrs gSa izFke e/;e rFkk vU;A ¼ Ikq#"k vkSj opu ds lkFk fdz;k

cnyrh gS½A

mnkgj.k % izFke e/;e vU;

,d opu eSa gwa rqe gks og gS

cgq opu ge gSa rqe yksx gks os yksx gSa

dkjd %

fdlh okD; esa fdlh uke dk fdz;k ls D;k laca/k gS ] bldk Kku dkjd djkrk

gSA rFkk ogka dkSu lk 'kCn ml laca/k dks n'kkZ,xk ;g dkjd ds vuqlkj gh gksrk

gSA drkZ deZ dj.k lEiznku viknku laca/k vf/kdj.k lacks/ku ;s lkr dkjd

gksrs gSaA

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gs cPPkks ! jke us ] jko.k dks ] lhrk ds fy, ] /kuq"k ls NksM+s gq,

ck.kksa }kjk] lqxzho ds lkFk fey dj] yadk esa ekjkA

bl okD; esa ekjk fdz;k gSA bl fdz;k ds lHkh dkjd bl okD; esa n'kkZ,

x, gSaA uhps bu dk rkfydk esa o.kZu fd;k x;k gSaA

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dkjd fdz;k ls laca/k lacaf/kr 'kCn okD;ka'k

drkZ djusokyk us jke us

deZ ftl ij fdz;k gks dks jko.k dks

dj.k ftl ls fdz;k gks ls ;k }kjk ck.kksa }kjk

lEiznku ftl ds fy, fdz;k dh

x;h gks

ds fy, lhrkds fy,

viknku tks fdz;k gksus oj vius

LFkku ij jgs

ls ;k vyx /kuq"k ls NksM+s gq,

lacU/k ftldk drkZls laca/k gks

dk ds ;k dh lqxzho ds lkFk

vf/kdj.k ftl LFkku ij fdzz;k gks esa ;k ij yadk esa

lacks/ku ftl dks lacksf/kr fd;k

tk,

gs! vjs! gs cPPkks !

dkjd fdz;k ls laca/k lacaf/kr 'kCn okD;ka'k

drkZ djusokyk us jke us

deZ ftl ij fdz;k gks dks jko.k dks

dj.k ftl ls fdz;k gks ls ;k }kjk ck.kksa }kjk

lEiznku ftl ds fy, fdz;k dh

x;h gks

ds fy, lhrkds fy,

viknku tks fdz;k gksus oj vius

LFkku ij jgs

ls ;k vyx /kuq"k ls NksM+s gq,

lacU/k ftldk drkZls laca/k gks

dk ds ;k dh lqxzho ds lkFk

vf/kdj.k ftl LFkku ij fdzz;k gks esa ;k ij yadk esa

lacks/ku ftl dks lacksf/kr fd;k

tk,

gs! vjs! gs cPPkks !

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dHkh dHkh dkjd cnyus ij 'kCn dk :Ik Hkh cnyrk gSA

mnkgj.k %

cPpk tk jgk gSA cPps dks tkus nksA

cPps tk jgs gSaA cPpksa dks tkus nksA

cfPp;ka tk jgh gSaA cfPp;ksa dks tkus nksA

fpfM+;ka mM+ jgh gSaA fpfM+;ksa dks mM+us nksA

eSa dj jgk gwaA eq>s ¼;k eq> dks½ djus nksA

og tk jgk gSA mls ¼;k ml dks½ tkus nksA

fdz;k %

dk;Z lwpd 'kCn dks fdz;k dgrs gSaA okD; esa fdz;k var esa vkrh gSA fyax

opu rFkk dky rFkk iq#"k ds vuqlkj fdz;k dk :Ik cnyrk gSA vknj lwpd

iz;ksxksa esa Hkh cgq&opu dh fdz;k dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA tSls% vki dgka tk jgs gSa\ os

D;k dj jgs gSa\

fgUnh esa gh D;ksa lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa fdzzz;kvsak dk Hk.Mkj gSA jlksbZ ?kj esa gksus

okyh fdz;kvksa dks gh nsf[k,A tykuk] idkuk] p<+kuk] lkuuk] feykuk] mckyuk]

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pykuk] fgykuk] Nksadk yxkuk] csyuk] ryuk] Hkwuuk] lsaduk] mrkjuk] fudkyuk]

mM+syuk] ltkuk] p[kuk] ijksluk] Mkyuk] f[kykuk] [kkuk] ihuk] fiykuk

bR;kfnA

dky %

rhu dky gksrs gSa ;Fkk Hkwr orZeku rFkk Hkfo";A

orZeku Hkwr Hkfo";A

eSa tk jgk gwa eSa tk jgk Fkk eSa tkus okyk gwa

eSa tkrk gwa

og tkrk gS

eSa tkrk Fkk

og x;k Fkk

eSa tkmaxk

og tkus okyk gS

og tk jgk gS

os tk jgs gSaA

og tkus okyk Fkk

os tkus okys Fks

og tk;xk

os tk;axs

rqe tkrs gks rqe x;s Fks rqe tkus okys gks

eSa vk;k eSa x;k eSa tkÅaxk

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23

okP; %

vaxzsth+ dh rjg fgUnh esa Hkh nks okP; gksrs gSa]drZ`&okP; ¼,fDVo *

oks,l*½ rFkk deZ&okP; ¼iSflo* oks,l*½ A mnkgj.k %

drZ`&okP; deZ&okP;

ge u vk ldsA ge ls vk;k u x;kA

rqe cqyk u ldsA rqe ls cqyk;k u x;kA

ge Q+klyk feVk u ldsA ge ls Q+klyk feVk;k u x;kA

¼ xhr % ge ls vk;k u x;k rqe ls cqyk;k u x;kA

Q+klyk I;kj dk nksuksa ls feVk;k u x;kA½

fo'ks"k.k %

fo'ks"k.k os 'kCn gSa tks laKk ;k loZuke dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSaA

mnkgj.k %

yky uhyk vPNk cqjk vPNh cqjh bR;kfnA

dHkh dHkh fo'ks"k.k fyax opu rFkk iq#"kds lkFk Hkh cnyrs gSaA

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mnkgj.k %

yky ?kskM+k ] dkyh ?kksM+h ] vPNk yM+dk] vPNs yM+ds] vPNh yM+dh] cqjh

ckr] cqjh vknr] cqjk vkneh] cqjh vkSjr] uhyk iSUV] uhyh deht+A og vPNk

gSA rqe vPNs gksA

fdz;k& fo'ks"k.k %

os 'kCn tks fdz;k dh ;k fo'ks"k.kksa dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSaA

mnkgj.k %

dc D;ksa dgka ;gka ogka tgka dSls ,sls oSls tSls rSls vkSj D;k gh Hkh rks bruk

mruk fdruk tYnh /khjs de T+;knk cgqr FkksM+k bR;kfn fdz;k&fo'ks"k.k gSaA

mnkgj.k %

dc gqvk\ dgka gqvk\ D;ksa gqvk\ dSls gqvk\ vkSj D;k gqvk \

gh Hkh rks NksVs&NksVs 'kCn vo'; gSa ijUrq fdz;kvksa ds lkFk budk lgh iz;ksx

Hkk"kk esa tku Mky nsrk gSA buds dqN iz;ksx ns[ksa %&

gqvkA gqvk Hkh\ gqvk rksA ugha gqvk rks \

gks jgk gSA gks rks jgk gSA gks Hkh jgk gS\ gks gh jgk gSA u gks jgk gks rks \

gks gh x;kA gks gh x;k gksxkA gks gh x;k FkkA gks gh tk;xkA gks gh jgk gksxkA

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tks gksuk Fkk og gks jgk gSA tks Hkh gksuk Fkk og gks Hkh jgk gSA tks Hkh gksuk Fkk og gks

Hkh jgk gS\ tks Hkh gksuk Fkk og gks rks jgk gSA tks Hkh gksuk Fkk og gks gh rks jgk gSA

gksuk FkkA gksuk gh FkkA gksuk Hkh FkkA gksuk rks Fkk ghA

vU; fdz;kvksa ds lkFk Hkh budk iz;ksx djds ns[ksaA

okD; foU;kl ¼flUVsDl½ %

fgUnh esa okD; foU;kl cgqr gh ljy gS A drZk igys vkrk gS] ;fn mldk

dksbZ fo'ks"k.k gks rks og drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA fdz;k lcls ckn esa vkrh gSA

fdz;k& fo'ks"k.k fdz;k ls ;k fo'ks"k.k ls igys vkrs gSaA lEcfU/kr 'kCn ¼ tSls % us]

dks ] ds fy, ] ls ;k }kjk ] esa ;k ij ] bR;kfn ½ dkjd ds ckn vkrs gaSA

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fpUg %

fpUg vaxzst+h tSls gh gSaA vYi fojke ;kuh ¼ ] ½ v/kZ fojke ;kuh ¼ ( ½

foLe; &lwpd fpUg ¼ ! ½rFkk iz'u &okpd fpUg¼ \ ½ bR;kfn oSls gh gSaA dsoy

iw.kZ fojke ¼ A ½ vyx gSA fpUg ;fn x+yr LFkku ij yxk fn;k tk; rks vFkZ

cny tkrk gSa A

mnkgj.k % jksdks ! er tkus nksA jksdks er ! tkus nksA

lfU/k %

nks ;k vf/kd 'kCnksa dks tksM+ dj fy[kuk ;k cksyuk] lfU/k djuk dgrs gSA

ijk% lfUud"kZ% laf?krk vFkkZr~ nks vyx 'kCnksa ds ikl vkus dks lfU/k dgrs

gSaA blds fu;e gSaA ;s fu;e laLd`r ds fu;eksa ij vk/kkfjr gSaA

Loj lfU/k ;k vp~ lfU/k %

Loj ds lkFk Loj vkus ij Loj lfU/k gksrh gSA

v$v ¾ vkA v$vk ¾ vkA vk$v ¾ vkA

b $b ¾ bZ A b $bZ ¾ bZA bZ $b ¾ bZA

m$m ¾ ÅA m$ Å ¾ ÅA Å $m ¾ ÅA

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mnkgj.k %

nhi $ voyh ¾ nhikoyhA

jke $ vuqt ¾ jkekuqtA

fge$ vky; ¾fgeky;A

dfo$bUnz ¾ dohUnzA

jfo$ bUnz ¾ johUnzA

lrh $ bZ'k ¾ lrh'kA

Hkkuq$mn; ¾ Hkkuwn;A

mnkgj.k %

v$b ¾ ,A vk$b ¾ ,A vk$bZ ¾ ,A vk$ bZ ¾ ,A

jke$bZ'k ¾ jes'kA

x.k $bZ'k ¾ x.ks'kA

fnu$bZ'k ¾ fnus'kA

jek$bZ'k ¾ jes'kA

O;atu lfU/k ;k gy~ lfU/k %

O;atu ds lkFk O;atu vkus ij O;atu lfU/k gksrh gSA

mnkgj.k % rr~$yhu ¾ rYyhu]

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28

fpr~$e; ¾ fpUe;]

fpr$vkuUn ¾ fpnkuUn]

;qf/k$fLFkj ¾;qf/kf"BjA

folxZ lfU/k %

folxZ ds ckn vxys 'kCn ls lfU/k dks folxZ lfU/k dgrs gSaA folxZ lfU/k

esa folxZ ^%* ds LFkku ij ^ l~ ;k 'k~ ;k "k~ ;k j~ tkrk gks gSA

mnkgj.k %

ue%$rs ¾ueLrs ]

ue%$dkj ¾ ueLdkj A

fu% $++LokFkZ ¾fuLLokFkZ ¾fuLokFkZ ]

fu%$py ¾ fu'py ]

fu%$Ny ¾ fu'Ny ]

fu%$diV ¾ fu"diV]

fu%$dyad ¾ fu"dyadA

nq%$;ks/ku ¾ nq;ksZ/ku ]

T;ksfr%$xe; ¾ T;ksfrxZe;A

dHkh dHkh folxZ ^%* ds LFkku ij ^ ks * tkrk gks gSA

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mnkgj.k %

vlr% ¾ vlrks ¼ vlrks ek ln~xe;½A

rel% ¾ relks ¼ relks ek T;ksfrxZe;½A

e`R;q% ¾ e`R;ks% $ek¾ e`R;ksekZ ¼ e`R;ksekZ ·e`ra xe;½A

¬ vlrks ek ln~xe;] relks ek T;ksfrxZe;] e`R;ksekZ·e`raxe;A

lekl %

nks 'kCnksa dks lkFk lkFk j[k dj ,d u;k 'kCn cukuk bls lekl dgrs gSaA

mnkgj.k %

ij$midkj ¾ ijksidkj nwljksa dh enn djukA ¾ ijksidkjh nwljksa dh

enn djus okykA

'k'k$vad ¾ 'k'kkad ¾ ftldh xksn esa pkan gks ¾ pUnzek ] pUnz$'ks[kj ¾

pUnz'ks[kj ¾ ftlds lj ij pkan gks ¾ f'ko thA pUnz$Hkky ¾ pUnzHkky ¾

ftlds Hkky ;kuh diky ij pkan gks ¾ x.ks'k thA

leqPp; cks/kd 'kCn %

feykus okys 'kCnA mnkgj.k % vkSj rFkk ;kA

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foLe; lwpd 'kCn %

foLe; fn[kykus okys 'kCnA mnkgj.k % gs! vkSg! gk;! vjs! okg! oko!

¼ ^oko* ;g 'kCn laLd`r dk 'kCn gSA bls vaxzst+h Hkk"kk esa ys fy;k x;k gSA½

vknj lwpd 'kCn %

Jh] Jheku~] Jherh] lqJh] nsoh] egksn;] ekU;oj] if.Mr] Bkdqj] ykyk]

lsB] lsB th] ckcw] ckcwth] jktk] jktk &lkgc] [+kku&lkgc bR;kfnA bUgsa uke

ds igys yxkrs gSaA th ;k lkgc ] bUgsa uke ds ckn Hkh yxkrs gSaA

ikfjokfjd lEcU/k lwpd 'kCn %

ifr iRuh ] lkl llqj] ekrk firk] HkkbZ cfgu] cgw csVh] tsB ftBkuh] nsoj

nsojkuh] pkpk pkph ] dkdk dkdh] ekek ekeh] nknk nknh] ukuk ukuh] ekSlh ekSlk

QwQk QwQh] eesjk HkkbZ] eesjh cfgu ]QqQsjk HkkbZ ]QqQsjh cfgu ] ekSlsjk HkkbZ]

ekSlsjh cfgu ] Hkrhtk Hkrhth] Hkkutk Hkkuth ] ukrh ukfru ] iksrk iksrh bR;kfnA

rRle rFkk rn~Hko 'kCn %

fgUnh esa laLd`r ds dqN 'kCn oSls ds oSls ys fy, x, gSa mUgsa rRle dgrs

gSa rFkk dqN cny dj Hkh fy, x, gSa mUgsa rn~Hko dgrs gSaA

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mnkgj.k %

rRle 'kCn rn~Hko 'kCn

lw;Z lwjt

pUnz pkan

jkf=k jkr

x`g ?kj

fu"Bqj fuBqj

oRl cPpk

{ks=k [ksr

milxZ ¼izhfQ+Dl½ rFkk izR;; ¼lfQ+Dl½%

'kCn ds igys milxZ yxkdj u, u, 'kCn curs gSa rFkk muds vFkZ Hkh

cny tkrs gSaA 'kCn ds ckn esas izR;; yxk dj u, 'kCn cuk, tlrs gSaA

milxZ %

^Hko* 'kCn ds igys milxZ ^le~* yxkus ls ^lEHko* 'Cn cukA blh izdkj

Hkko ls lEHkko cukA^ iz* milxZ yxkus ls izHkko cuk ] ln~Hkko nqHkkZo Hkh blh

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rjg cus gSaA blh rjg dqN mnwZ ls fgUnh esa fy, x, mnkgj.k nsf[k, % ge $lk;k

¾ ge lk;kA

blh rjg ge&uok ] ge&oru ] ge&lQ+j] ge&t+qcka ] ge&t+qYQ+ ]

ge&fd+Ler bR;kfn 'kCn cusa gSaA

cs$pSu ¾ cspSu ] blh rjg cs$ne ¾ csne ] cs$nnZ ¾ csnnZ] cs $gky ¾

csgky A

izR;; % xkM+h$okyk ¾ xkM+hokyk ¼xkM+h pykusokyk½ ] nw/kokyk ?kjokyk

?kjokyhA A blh rjg ls dkspoku ]/kuoku ] cqf)eku bR;kfnA

foykse ¼viksft+V½ 'kCn %

foijhr vFkZ okys 'kCn dks foykse 'kCn dgrs gSaA

mnkgj.k % vPNk cqjk] dkyk xksjk] Åij uhps] vkxs ihNs] nk,a ck,a] iwoZ

if'pe] vxyk fiNyk] LoxZ ujd] cqf)eku cqf)ghu] lRdkj frjLdkj bR;kfnA

Ik;kZ; okph ¼fluksfuEl½ 'kCn %Ik;kZ; okph ;kuh leku vFkZ okys 'kCnksa

dk rks cgqr cM+k Hk.Mkj gh gSA laLd`r mnqZ rFkk vaxzst+h 'kCn Hkh T;ksa ds R;ksa ;k

FkksM+s ifjorZu ds lkFk iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA

lw;Z % lwjt ] Hkkuq ] HkkLdj ] va'kqeku ] fnudj ] jfo ] jf'ejFkhA

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pUnz % pkan ] pank ] 'k'kkad ] 'kf'k ] 'k'kh ] lq/kkdjA

vkdk'k % vkleku ] vkleka ] vkLeku ] vkLeka ] uHk ] xxuA ckny % ?ku ] tyn ]

ty/kjA

cjlkr % o"kZk ] ckfj'k ] ikolA

ikuh % ty ] uhj ] lfyyA

xaxk unh % lqjlfj ] HkkxhjFkhA

Ik`Foh % /kj.kh ] /kjrh ] /kjk ] olqU/kjk A

rqdkUr 'kCn ¼jkbfeax oMZ~l½ % os 'kCn ftudk vfUre ,d ;k ,d ls

vf/kd v{kj ,d ls gksrs ga S rqdkUr 'kCn dgs tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, vfUre

v{kj ^Dr* ls vUr gksus okys 'kCn ns[ksa %&

'kCn vFkZ

mDr dgk gqvk

Q+D+r flQ+Z ;k dsoy

HkDr iwtk djusokyk

;qDr yxk gqvk

la;qDr Bhd ls yxk gqvk

mi;qDr Bhd ;k lgh

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iz;qDr ftldk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gks

R;Dr og ftls NksM+ fn;k x;k gks

O;Dr og tks dgk x;k gks

jDr [+kwu ;k ygw

fjDr [+kkyh

vkjDr [+kwu dh rjg yky

fojDr ftls dksbZ yxko u gks

oD+r le;

'kDr leFkZ

v'kDr vleFkZ

'kkDr 'kfDr dh iwtk djusokyk

fo"kkDr fo"k ls ;qDr

,sls vU; v{kjksa ls lEcfU/kr dbZ rqdkUr 'kCnksa dk fgUnh rFkk laLÑr esa

Hk.Mkj gSA bUgsa ;kn djus dh dksbZ vko';Drk ughs gSA dsoy nudk fopkj djus

ls gh 'kCn&Kku c<+us yxrk gSA mijksDr v{kj ^Dr* laLÑr esa ,d izR;; ds

:Ik esa Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gSA

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vaxzst+h 'kCn %

fgUnh dh rjg Hkkjr dh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa vaxzst+h ds dbZ 'kCn T;ksa ds R;ksa ;k

FkksM+s cny dj ys fy, x, gSaA dqN mnkgj.k uhps fn, tk jgs gSa %&

vQ+lj] vkWfQ+l] b.VjuWV] bZ&esy] dEI;wVj] DydZ] Dykl] dyWDVj] dkj]

dkWfyt] dqlhZ] dksp] dksV] dkslZ] xWjWt] xkMZ] Vªd] Vªsu] Vkbe&Vsfcy]VkbZ] Vsfcy]

VWyhfot+u] VWyhQ+ks+u] Vsi&fjdkWMZj] Mªkboj] ikl] iqfyl] isfUly] isUV] isij]

iSUV] iSu] fQ+Ye] Q+sy] cl] cl&LVkWi] cWM&doj] fedWfud] ewoh] ;wuhoflZVh]

jsfM;ks] jWQ+zhtjsVj] jsy&xkM+h] jsyos] LVkVZ] LVs'ku] flusek] lhV] lh-Mh-] LysV]

LosVj] lksQ+k] ykyVsu] yWEi] okfLdV] bR;kfn ,sls dbZ mnkgj.k fey tk,axsA

i'kq&if{k;ksa dh cksfy;ka %

i'kq&i{kh cksyh

fpfM+;k pgpgkuk

dkSvk dkao dkao djuk

dks;y dqgqduk

esa<d VjkZuk

lkai QqLdkjuk

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?kksM+k fgufgukuk

cUnj ?kqM+duk

fcYyh E;kma E;kma djuk

dqRrk Hkksaduk

x/kk jsaduk

xk; jaHkkuk

'ksj ngkM+uk

cdjh fee;kuk

gkFkh fpa?kkM+uk

fxurh rFkk dze%

fgUnh laLd`r

fxurh dze ¼iqfYyax½ dze ¼L=khfyax½ dze ¼ iqfYyax½ dze ¼L=khfyax½

,d igyk igyh izFke izFkek

nks nwljk nwljh f}rh; f}rh;k

rhu rhljk rhljh r`rh; r`rh;k

pkj pkSFkk pkSFkh prqFkZ prqFkhZ

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ikap ikapoka ikapoha iape iapeh

Ng NBoka NBoha "k"B "k"Bh

lkr lkroka lkroha lIre lIreh

vkB vkBoka vkBoha v"Ve v"Veh

ukS ukSoka ukSohaS uoe uoeh

nl nloka nloha n'ke n'keh

X;kjg X;kjgoka X;kjgoha ,dkn'k ,dkn'kh

ckjg ckjgoka ckjgoha }kn'k }kn'kh

rsjg rsjgoka rsjgoha =k;ksn'k =k;ksn'kh

pkSng pkSngoka pkSngoha prqnZ'k prqnZ'kh

iUnzg iUnzgoka iUnzgoha iapn'k iapn'kh

lIrkg ds fnu %

lkseokj] eaxyokj] cq/kokj] xq#okj ;k c`gLifrokj] 'kqdzokj] 'kfuokj rFkk

jfookj ;k brokjA

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eghus %

fgUnw dky x.kuk fgUnw iapkax ds vuqlkj gksrh gSA blds vuqlkj pS=k o"kZ

dk igyk eghuk gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; o"kZ eghus rFkk frfFk;ka paUnzek rFkk lw;Z nksuksa

dh xfr ij vk/kkfjr gSaA blfy, vaxzsth+ rFkk Hkkjrh; eghuksa ds dze ,d nwljs ds

vuq:Ik ugha gSA le; le; ij x.kuk esa ,d:irk ykus ds fy, gj rhljs o"kZ esa

,d vf/kd ekl Hkh iM+rk gSA,d o"kZ esa 12 eghus rFkk rnuqlkj yxHkx 354 fnu

gksrs gSaA izR;sd ekl esa pUnzek dh c<+rh ;k ?kVrh T;ksfr ds vuqlkj nks Ik{k gksrs

gSa] 'kqDy&Ik{k rFkk d`".k&Ik{kA izR;sd Ik{k esa yxHkx 15 fnu gksrs gSaA dHkh dHkh

nks frfFk;ka ,d lkFk Hkh iM+ tkrh gSaA rkjh[k+ lw;ksZn; ls cnyrh gSA i{k ds

vuq:Ik iUnzgoha frfFk dks vekokL;k ;k iwf.kZek gksrh gSA

vaxzst+h fgUnh laLd`r

tuojh iwl ikS"k]

Q+jojh ek?k ekxZ'kh"kZ

ekpZ Qkxqu QkYxqu

vizSy pSr pS=k

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ebZ cSlk[k oS'kk[k

twu tsB ts"B~;

tqykbZ vlk<+ vk"kk<+

vxLr lkou Jko.k

flrEcj Hkknksa Hkknzin

vDVwcj dqvkaj vkf'ou

uoEcj dkfrZd dkfrZd

fnlEcj vxgu vxzgk;.k

ekSle %

xehZ % ¼pS=k] oS'kk[k] ts"B~; ½

cjlkr ¼ vk"kk<+] Jko.k] Hkknzin ½

tkM+k ;k B.M ;k 'khr ¼vkf'ou] dkfrZd vxzgk;.k ½

gseUr] f'kf'kj] olUr ¼ikS"k] ekxZ'kh"kZ] QkYxqu½A

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R;kSgkj %

fgUnqvksa ds Ng eq[; R;ksgkj gksrs gSaA gksyh] fnokyh] fot;k n'keh] jke

uoeh Ñ".k tUek"Beh rFkk j{kk&cU/kuA lc R;ksgkj frfFk;ksa ds vuqlkj gksrs gSaA

nhikoyh dkfrZd ekl dh vekokL;k ds fnu rFkk gksyh QkYxqu iwf.kZek ds fnu

iM+rh gSA fot;k n'keh ;k nqxkZ&iwtk nhikoyh ds 20 fnu igys ;kuh vkf'ou

ekl dh n'keh ds fnu gksrh gSA Ñ".k tUek"Beh lkou ds eghus esa rFkk jke

uoeh pS=k esa iM+rhgSA egkRek cq) dk tUe cSlk[k iwf.kZek esa rFkk xq: ukud dk

dkfrZd ekl dh iwf.kZek ds fnu gqvk FkkA dsoy edj ladzkfUr ,slk ioZ gS tks

ges'kk 14 tuojh dks gh iM+rk gSA

lkfgR; %

laLd`r lkfgR; dk yxHkx lHkh Hkkjrh; rFkk dbZ fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa

vuqokn gqvk gSA fgUnh esa x| rFkk Ik| nksuksa fo/kkvksa esa izpqj lkexzh miyC/k gSA

fgUnh lkfgR; esa rqylhnkl dh egku d`fr jke pfjr ekul dk LFkku loksZifj

gSA bl iqLrd esa Jh jke dh dFkk ds ek/;e ls thou ds gjsd igyw ij izdk'k

Mkyk x;k gSA

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x| dh fo/kk %

o.kZukRed lkfgR; x| esa fy[kk tkrk gSA dgkfu;ka] miU;kl] ys[k bR;kfn x|

esa fy[ks tkrs gSaA lk/kkj.k cksypky esa Hkh x| dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa 14

ekU;rk izkIr Hkk"kk,a gSaA izR;sd Hkk"kk dk rsoj vyx vyx gSA ;ksjkssi dh rjg

fHkUu fHkUu jkT; Hkk"kkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gSaA fgUnh Hk"kk esa dbZ cksfy;ka ¼Mk;ysDV~l½

gSa] tSls ozt Hkk"kk] vo/kh] eSfFkyh] Hkkstiqjh] cqUnsy[k.Mh] bR;kfnA lk/kkj.k

cksypky esa vaxzst+h 'kCnhsa dk /kM+Yys ls iz;ksx gksrk gSA Hkkjr ds vf/kdka'k Hkxksa esa

fgUnh rFkk vaxzst+h cksyus ls dke py tkrk gSA

Ik| ¼dfork½ dh fo/kk %

Ik| dh fo/kk laLd`r lkfgR; ls fojklr esa feyh gSA ;g mnwZ rFkk vaxzst+h

ls Hkh izHkkfor gqbZ gSA Nan] nksgs] pkSikbZ] dq.Mfy;ka] xhr] eqDrd] :ckbZ] x+t+ysa

rFkk vxhr ¼ Qz+h olZ ½ Ik| dh eq[; fo/kk,a gSaA fdlh Hkh dykRed Ñfr dks lqu

;k ns[k dj tks Hkko eu esa mRiUu gksrk gS mls jl dgrs gSaA 'kkUr] d#.k] Jaxkj]

ohj] gkL;] jhSnz] ohHkRL;] okRlY; bR;kfn eq[; jl gSaA

y?kq vkSj nh?kZ /ofu;ksa ds fof'k"V dze ls dfork esa y;kRedrk ¼fjne½

rFkk xs;rk mRiUu gksrh gSA fiaxy eqfu us bl fo"k; ij fiaxy&'kkL=k dh jpuk

dh FkhA laLd`r lkfgR; esa budk iz;ksx vfuok;Z gSA fgUnh lkfgR; esa Hkh budk

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fof'k"V LFkku gSSA fgUnh rFkk mnZw esa x+t+yksa dh fo/kk Q++kjlh ls vkbZ gSA osnksa esa

rFkk okYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh yEcs&yEcs jnhQ+ksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA

dgkorsa rFkk eqgkojs %

dgkorsa rFkk eqgkojs Hkk"kk esa tku Mky nsrs gSaA 'kjhj ds vax] Hkkstu

lkexzh] vkilh laca/kksa] i'kqvksa ] xfrfof/k;ksa] O;ogkjksaa rFkk izd`fr vkfn ij

vk/kkfjr dqN mnkgj.k uhps fn, tk jgs gSaA dqN dforkvksa dh iafDr;ka Hkh

dgkorsa cu xbZ gSaA

dgkorsa %

eqag % ;s eqag vkSj elwj dh nkyA

lj % lj eqM+krs gh vksys iM+ukA

nk<+h % pksj dh nk<+h esa frudkA

gkFk % gkFk daxu dks vkjlh D;k \

ikao % tk ds ikao u QVh fcokbZ ] lks D;k tkus ihj ijkbZA

tga tga ikao iM+s lUru ds rga rga c.Vk<kjA

vkVk % x+jhch esa vkVk xhyk gksukA

xsagwa % xsagwa ds lkFk ?kqu Hkh filrk gSA

nw?k % NBh dk nw?k ;kn vk tkukA

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nw?k dk tyk NkN dks Hkh Qwad Qwad dj ihrk gSA

?kh % ikapksa maxfy;ka ?kh esa gksukA ?kh dgka x;k f[kpM+h esaA

lh/kh maxyh ?kh ugha fudyrkA

rsy % u ukS eu rsy gksxk u jk/kk ukpsxhA

d+okc % d+okc esa gM~Mh cu tkukA

x/kk % o[kr iM+s ckadk rks x/ks dks dgks dkdkA

HkSal % HkSal ds vkxs chu ctkukA vdy cM+h fd HkSal\

cSy % vk cSy eq>s ekjA

dqRrk % /kksch dk dqRrk u ?kj dk u ?kkV dkA gfM+;k xbZ rks xbZ dqRrs dh tkr

ifgpkuh xbZA

ÅaV % ÅaV ds isV esa thjkA

cUnj % cUnj D;k tkus vnjd dk LoknA

eqxhZ % ?kj dh eqxhZ nky cjkcjA

fcYyh % Hkhxh fcYyh cu tkukA f[kl;kuh fcYyh [kack ukspsA esjh fcYyh eq>h ls

E;kÅa A

tks: % lkjh [+kqnkbZ ,d rjQ+ tks: dk HkkbZ ,d rjQ+A

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lSa;ka % lSa;ka Hk, dksroky rks Mj dkgs dkA

pksj % mYVk pksj dksroky dks MkaVsA pksjh Åij ls lhuktksjhA pksj dh nk<+h esa

frudkA pksj pksj ekSlsjs HkkbZA

pkan % bZn dk pkan gks tkukA

Mky vkSj ikr % rqe Mky Mky] ge ikr ikrA

vkaxu % ukp u vkos vkaxu Vs<+kA

fpjkx+ % fpjkx+ rys va/ksjk gksukA

dqIIkk % Qwy ds dqIIkk gks tkukA

FkSyh % ,d FkSyh ds pVVs cVVsA

xaxk % mYVh xaxk cgkukA

t+ehu % t+ehu vkleku ,d dj nsukA

vkleku % vkleku lj ij mBk ysukA

lkou % lkou ds va/ks dks gjk gh gjk lw>rk gSA

dforkvksa dh iafDr;ka %

lejFk ds ufga nksl xqlkbaZa ] jfo ikod lqjlfj dh ukbZaA

tkdS jgh Hkkouk tSlh] izHkq ewjr ns[kh fru rSlhA

gqbgS lksb tks jke jfp jk[kk] dks dfj rjd c<+koS lk[kkA

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xks /ku xt /ku ckft /ku vkSj jru /ku [kku] tks vkoS larksl /ku lc /ku /kwfj

lekuA

eqgkojs %

eqag % eqag eksM+uk ] eqag rksM+uk ] eqag cuk+uk ] eqag pqjk+uk ] eqag ehBk dj+uk ] eqag

Nqik+uk ] eqag yxk+uk ] eqag yxukA

vka[k % vka[k pqjk+uk] vka[k fn[kk+uk] vka[k feyk+uk] vka[k rjsj+ukA

vka[k dk rkjk gksuk ] vka[k fepkSyh [ksy+uk vka[k ls fxj tkukA

dku % dku dkVuk ] dku yxkuk ] nhokj ds dku gksukA dku easa twa u jsaxukA

xky % xky ctkuk ]xky QqykukA

ukd % ukd dV tkuk] ukd dk cky gskukA

ewaN % ewaN uhph gks tkukA

fny % fny nq[kk+uk] fny yxuk] fny yxk+uk] fny pqjk+uk] fny rksM++uk] fny

ns++uk] fny j[kuk] fny VwV++uk ] fny vk tk++uk ] fny mpV tk++ukA

dej % dej dluk A

ihB % ihB fn[kkukA

isV % isV ij ykr ekjuk] isV rsa nk<h gksukA

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gkFk % gkFk lkQ+ djuk] gkFk ihys gksuk] gkFk dk eSy gksuk] gkFkksa gkFk ysuk] gkFk

/kks ds ihNs iM+uk] gkFk dks gkFk u lw>+ukA

vkLrhu % vkLrhu dk lkaiA

flj % flj ij gkFk j[kuk ] flj >qd tkuk A

ikao % ikao ilkjukA

tku % tku [kkuk ] tku nsuk ] tku ysuk ] tku yxk nsuk ] A

th % th yxuk ] th u yxuk ] th pqjkuk A

rch;r % rch;r gjh gks tkuk ] rch;r [+kjkc gks tkukA

[+kwu % [+kwu ilhuk ,d djukA

ckr % ckr j[kuk] ckr cuuk] ckr fcxM+uk] ckrsa cukuk] ckr pykuk] ckr dkVukA

gok % gok gks tkuk ] gok py tkuk ] gok fudy tkuk ] gok f[kld tkuk ] gok

ls ckrsa djuk A

lkQ+ % lkQ+ eqdj tkuk ] lkQ+ gks tkuk ] lkQ+ >wB cksy tkuk ] fny lkQ+ gksuk A

nky % nky u xyuk] nky esa dkyk gksukA

ued % ued vnk djuk ] ued fepZ yxkuk A

rsy % rsy gks tkuk A rsy dj nsukA

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nw/k % lkai dks nw/k fiykuk] NBh dk nw/k ;kn fnyk nsuk] nw/k dk nw/k ikuh dk

ikuhA

ukuh % ukuh ;kn fnyk nsukA

ekSlh % eSa nwYgs dh ekSlh A

HkkbZ % HkkbZ&Hkrhtk&oknA

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Hkkjrh; laLÑfr %

Hkkjr ,d egku oV o`{k dh rjg gSA bl o`{k dh tM+sa Hkkjr dh iq.; Hkwfe

esa cgqr xgjh gSaA ;g og Hkwfe gS ftlds igkM+ksa] ufn;ksa] taxyksa rFkk [ksrksa dks gh

ugha cfYd ,d&,d jt&d.k dks ifo=k ekuk x;k gSA gt+kjksa o"kksa ls ;g lH;rk

dk dsUnz jgk gSA bldh tM+sa et+cwr vkLFkkvksa ij fVdh gSa ftUgsa gekjs _f"k;ksa]

eqfu;ksa] lU;kfl;ksa] rFkk fopkjdksa us viuh ekU;rkvksa rFkk fopkjksa ls lhapk gSA

osn] osnkUr] ;ksx] bfrgkl ¼jkek;.k rFkk egkHkkjr½ dh izkphu ijEijk,a

bl oV o`{k dk et+cwr ruk gSA blesa le; le; ij ubZ&ubZ tM+sa iSnk gksrh

jgrh gSaA jke] d`".k] cq)] egkohj] ukud bR;kfn dqN ,sls mnkgj.k gSaA bl o`{k

dh vuUr 'kk[kk,a gSa tks vko';drkuqlkj iksf"kr gksrh jgrh gSaA iqjkuh 'kk[kkvksa

dk :Ik cnyrk gS] ubZ 'kk[kk,a mRiUu gksrh gSaA iqjkus iRrs >M+rs gSa] u, mxrs gSaA

iqjkuh ekU;rk,a cnyrh gSa rFkk u;k jax ys ysrh gSaA

Hkkjro"kZ esa lHkh /keZ ds ekuusokyksa dks vkJ; feyk gSA olq/kSo

dqVqEcda gh bldk fl)kUr jgk gSA vr% ;g o`{k iqjkuk gksrs gq, Hkh fuR; u,

jax fn[kkrk jgrk gSA tc rd ;g viuh vkLFkkvksa ij fVdk gS ;g thfor jgsxk

rFkk lalkj dk ekxZ n'kZu djrk jgsxkA

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Hkkjr gh og ns'k gS tks euq"; ds nsoRo dk nkok djrk gSA Hkk dk vFkZ gS

Kku] jr dk vFkZ gS izhfr ;k I;kjA Hkkjr dk vFkZ gqvk og ns'k tgka Kku ls I;kj

fd;k tkrk gSA ge lc dks bldk ;g uke lkFkZd j[kuk gSA

&&&&&&&