SBR Workshop Report

ADB TA 7055 IND Component B

Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process

April 9, 2009 Amaltas Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

Asian Development Bank National Capital Region Planning Board

Capacity Development of the National Capital Region Planning Board TA 7055-IND Component B

Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process April 9, 2009 Amaltas Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

A. Introduction On Government of India’s request, Asian Development Bank (ADB) has formulated the technical assistance (TA) to enhance the capacities of National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) and its associated implementing agencies. The objective of this technical assistance (TA) is to strengthen the capacity at NCRPB, state-level NCR cells, and other implementing agencies in the area of planning for urban infrastructure and to impart necessary skills to conceive, design, develop, appraise and implement good quality infrastructure projects for planned development of NCR. The increased institutional capacity of the NCRPB and the implementing agencies will lead to effective and time scaling-up of urban infrastructure to (i) improve quality of basic urban services in the NCR; (ii) develop counter magnet towns; (iii) reduce in migration into Delhi and orderly development of NCR; and (iv) accelerate economic growth in the NCR. This TA is designed in three components: A, B and C. Component B focuses on strengthening the capacities of NCRPB and implementing agencies relating to project feasibility studies and preparation, and detailed engineering design in the implementing agencies. Specifically this component B of the TA will support the project preparation efforts of the implementing agencies by preparing demonstration feasibility studies that include all due diligence documentation required for processing of the project in accordance with best practices, including ADB’s policies and guidelines. Besides, this component of the TA will also: (i) help in assessing the current practices and procedures of project identification and

preparation of detailed project reports including technical, financial, economic and social safeguard due diligence;

(ii) support preparation of standard procedure manuals for project identification and preparation of detailed project reports including technical, financial, economic and social safeguard due diligence;

(iii) train the implementing agencies in the preparation of detailed project reports by using the sample subprojects, reports on deficiency of current practices and standard protocol manuals; and

(iv) help in developing a user-friendly web-page where different manuals and guidelines for preparation of DPRs will be made available for the implementing agencies.

As per the requirement of the scope of services for TA (Component B), the Consultants have planned three types training modules under training activities as follows:

• On-job Training; • Structured Training through Workshops etc; and • Preparation of Training Materials like Guidelines, Toolkit etc


Under the ‘workshops’ module, identified ‘Senior / Middle Management Staff’ from the Implementing Agencies NCRPB will be given training through workshop, presentations etc along with important deliverables. This will aim at appraising the procedures involved in the preparation of project identification and preparation so as to help them in taking management decisions along with better supervision control. B. About this Workshop As part of the series of workshops and Technical Lectures planned during the TA, the present ‘Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process’ (WS 2) was organized by the TA Consultant in co-operation with NCRPB. The purpose of this workshop was to share the experiences of the master plan / sector plan process the TA Team had during the sector plan preparation for the identified sample subprojects for water supply, sewerage and drainage sectors with all stakeholders including NCRPB, NCRPB State Cells, development authorities, ULBs and implementing agencies involved in urban infrastructure. As a separate workshop and technical lecture is planned subsequently for Solid Waste Management (SWM) with more focus, as suggested by NCRPB in one of the Review Meeting, SWM Sector is not included in the present workshop. Main objectives of the workshop include:

Objectives

1. To appraise City level Master plan/ Sector Plan need and preparation processes. for urban core sectors and train the stakeholders

2. To discuss the findings of the ‘Interim Report’ in the area of Sector Plan preparation for

the identified urban core sectors (water supply, sewer, and drainage) and get their feed back towards improving the prepared sector plans

3. .To share the experiences of the developments happening around in the areas of planning

and selection of technology options for the urban core sectors through invited technical lectures

4. Strategic issues and emerging trends in urban infrastructure planning for urban core

sectors

5. Obtain an involvement and commitment from participants to support the present TA process

6. Allow participants to provide their input into the DPR preparation in loan preparation

process Date and Venue The Introduction Workshop was conducted on April 9, 2009 at Amaltash Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi. Dr. Noor Mohammed, Member Secretary, NCRPB had inaugurated the workshop and delivered the inaugural address. Photos of the Workshop proceeding are presented in Appendix 1.


Participants The workshop was attended by 40 participants with interest in contributing to the improvement and maintenance of the urban infrastructure in the NCR. Participants had representation from NCRPB, State NCR Cells, development authorities, ULBs, implementing agencies, academic institutions, Consultants from TA components (Component A & C.) and TA (Component B) Consultants. List of participants is attached in Appendix 2. Toolkit The participants were provided a toolkit containing hard copy of all presentations made during the workshop. C. Agenda and Process The agenda for the Workshop is shown is given in Appendix 3. In the opening session, Member Secretary, NCRPB had delivered the inaugural keynote address. The Member Secretary, NCRPB, in his inaugural address, explained the role of NCRPB in the areas of planning and development of urban core sectors in the National Capital Region. Preparation of the Functional Plans, Integrated Mobility Plans for all the major cities and towns in the NCR and City Development Plans (CDPs) for all the Metro and Regional Centre’s identified in Regional Plan-2021, details of the on-going sector specific studies, need for the planned approach with scientific approach for project identification for the controlled and desired development of the region, the role of Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the regional development through the present technical assistance and the proposed financial support, the role of the present TA towards the capacity development in the areas of bankable DPRs were the topics covered in the keynote address. Text of the inaugural address is placed at Appendix 4. This was followed by a presentation on ‘Master Plan Concept and its relevance in Urban Core Sectors Planning’ by the TA Team Leader. Subsequently, the following master plans/sector plans prepared under the TA Component B were presented (Presentation copies are attached at Appendix 5). Each presentation was followed by an open discussion in which active participation was witnessed from the delegates.

• Water Supply Sector Plan for Panipat • Sewerage Sector Plan for Hapur • Drainage Sector Plan for Hapur

In the second session, the following special technical lectures were delivered by the subject specialists, focusing the planning aspects of urban core infrastructures.

• DSS (Decision Support System) Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options • Integrated Water Resource Management : Singapore’s Experience

First technical lecture on ‘DSS Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options’ was delivered by Mr Subhash Verma, a renowned Sewerage Expert who had specialized in designing sewerage treatment plants. The lecture had focused on the objective and need for Decision Support System (DSS) on selection of treatment options, different technologies available including emerging technologies and their details, their relevance to different conditions, their pros and cons, cost implications, all with the reference to the requirements of NCR Region.


Second Technical lecture on ‘Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore’s Experience ‘was delivered by Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner (CRP), NCRPB. During this technical lecture, CRP had shared his experience of recent visit to Singpore and his observation on water resource management activities of Singapore Government in managing the available limited water resources with future perspective. Also the presentation had focused the areas like water recycling process, integration of different demand areas, demand-supply management, cost recovery system, user charges etc that are more relevant to the Indian urban water supply management. Both technical lectures were found to be informative and mind provoking and resulted in more intensive interaction from the participants. Most of the participants had participated in the discussions in which Mr Subhash Verma and Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner (CRP), NCRPB had explained for the queries from the participants. Finally, the Workshop was concluded with the vote of thanks delivered by Shri R K Karna, Director (A&F), NCRPB.

Appendix 1: Photographs

Appendix 3

National Capital Region Planning Board

(ADB TA 7055 – IND, Component B)

Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process

at Amaltash Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 9 April 2009

Program

Activity & Subject Delivered By Time Registration 9.30 AM

NCRPB Way forward Dr. Noor Mohammed, Member Secretary, NCRPB

10.30 AM

Master Plan Concept TA Team 10.45 AM

Tea 11.15 AM

Master Plan for Water Supply TA Team 11.30 AM

Master Plan for Waste Water TA Team 12.15 PM Lunch 13.00 PM

Master Plan for Drainage TA Team 14.00 PM DSS Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options

Mr Subhash Verma , Sewerage Expert

14.45 PM

Tea 15.45 PM Integrated Water Management : Singapore Experience

Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner, NCRPB

16.00 PM

Thanks Director (A & F), NCRPB 16.45 PM

Appendix 4: Key Note Address by the Member Secretary, NCRPB Workshop on Master Plan Preparation Process for Urban Infrastructure (April 9, 2009, Amaltas, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi) Experts, Ladies and gentlemen It is my pleasure to be with you in today’s seminar on “Master Plan preparation process for urban infrastructure development”. A planned development is a well recognized strategy to achieve development objectives in a shorter time and in a more effective manner. NCR Planning Board is mandated under Section 7 of the NCR Planning Board Act, 1985

• To ensure proper and systematic programming by the participating States in regard to project formulation, determination of priorities in the NCR and phasing of development of the Region in accordance with stages indicated in the Regional Plan and

• To arrange for, and oversee, the financing of selected development projects in the NCR through Central and State Plan funds and other sources of revenue.

To fulfill this mandate the Board has adopted a planned strategy and has prepared Regional Plan 2021 which is a macro plan for development of the region. It is now in the process of developing a Business Plan, which goes to micro levels, to implement the policies and proposals of the Regional Plan. A number of initiatives have been taken to meet the challenge. Till now the Board lacked good projects for financing and was constrained to fund those presented before it by the NCR constituent states. Now the Board has initiated steps to plan and develop shelf of projects that are in sync with the overall development of the region. The more notable of these steps are:

New Plans: • Preparation of Functional Plan on Tourism in the NCR because well designed

tourism circuits in NCR have substantial potential to create jobs in the region. • Preparation of Integrated Mobility Plan for all the major cities and towns in the NCR. • Preparation of City Development Plans (CDPs) for all the Metro and Regional

Centres identified in Regional Plan-2021. Model CDPs for two centres are being prepared through ADB assistance and the rest will be got prepared by NCRPB through out-sourcing.

Expediting on-going studies: • Study on the Integrated Transportation Plan for NCR was expedited. The consultant

has submitted Draft Final Report which was extensively discussed in a Seminar organized for this purpose. The draft report has identified a number of priority investments that need to be implemented for creating an efficient transportation system in the NCR. The matter has been taken up with the Transport Secretaries of the constituent states to fix priority among these projects and reserve land well in advance for projects to be implemented in the future. In addition, dialogue has been initiated with funding agencies such as ADB, JICA etc. to find funds for these projects.

• Study on Augmentation of Water Supply in NCR was expedited and a seminar has been organized to invite suggestions of the stake holders. The consultant is preparing Draft Final Report and it is expected to be submitted soon. In the meantime, the

concerns highlighted by the consultant, particularly the one regarding the ground water recharge, have been taken on board. A dialogue has been initiated to find funds to address the problem and a tentative proposal has been submitted to KFW for considering funding of ground water recharge projects in the NCR.

• Studies on Power sector and Drainage in NCR are being done at a pace slower than desired. Efforts are underway to expedite these studies so that issues concerning Power and Drainage can be addressed in a planned manner.

• New studies on social infrastructure, handicraft and household industries and socio-economic study are being undertaken to prepare functional plans for development of these sectors.

It is intended that these planned efforts bear desired fruits and for that to happen the required capacities have to be developed. This seminar aims to emphasize importance of planned development and disseminate the knowledge regarding preparation of sector Master Plans. The Master Plan will take into account sustainable development and sustainability with the recognition that current consumption and living habits may be leading to problems such as

o deficiency in service delivery for basic infrastructure o the overuse of natural resources, o un-optimal use of available scarce resources due to lack of co-ordination in planning o ecosystem destruction, o pollution, o growing social inequality and o large-scale climate change.

The Master Plan Approach, while keeping sustainability issues in mind, involves making choices among the options that appear open for the future, and then securing their implementation, which depends upon allocation of necessary resources. Thus Master plan is a tool to guide and manage the growth of cities in a planned manner. The master plan helps to arrest the ugliness and haphazard growth of big cities and guides the future development in a planned planner. It also facilitates phased developments to achieve the single development vision of ‘optimum utilization’ of available scarce resources. Approach to the city level / regional level infrastructure development should be premised on sector level master plans. In its comprehensive approach the first focus shall be on sector level analysis limiting to the

o service area (city/development authority area), appraising the existing system performance and

o identifying the problems, o projecting the future demands and o Improvements/ augmentations required to achieve the acceptable levels. o Subsequently, the priority projects and components shall be identified for detailed studies

from the Sector Master Plans prepared. It is, therefore, evident that a planned development is needed to implement the policies and proposals of the Regional Plan of NCR.

Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance for NCRPB The objective of the present Asian Development Bank (ADB) Technical Assistance (TA) is to strengthen the capacity at NCRPB, state-level NCR cells, and other implementing agencies in the area of planning for urban infrastructure. This will help to (i) improve quality of basic urban services in the NCR; (ii) to develop counter magnet towns; (iii) to reduce in migration into Delhi and orderly development of NCR; and (iv) to accelerate economic growth in the NCR.

Component B of this ADB TA focuses on to impart necessary skills to conceive, design, develop, appraise and implement good quality infrastructure projects for planned development of NCR, through demonstration process of preparing model projects. This component of the TA will produce outputs like: o Bankable Detailed Feasibility Study Reports of identified projects including all due diligence

documentation required for processing of projects for funding purpose; o Standard Procedure Manuals for project identification and preparation

Present Workshop on Master Plan Preparation Process Initial Outputs of the TA, in terms of Mater plan for the identified sectors (water supply, sewerage, drainage, solid waste management and transport) for the sample towns, are prepared through the systematic approach. Experiences and the process of Sector level Master plans prepared for the water supply (Panipat Town), sewerage (Hapur Town) and drainage (Hapur Town) sectors are shared with the stakeholders as part of the capacity development program in this workshop. The Way forward Stakeholders and their officials consisting of planners and engineers participating in this workshop can benefit by sharing the experiences of the TA Team in approaching the projects identification for DPR preparation through sector level master plan approach. Detailed presentations to be followed on the Sector Plans prepared for water supply, sewerage and drainage sectors can explain the components, process, outputs required for a typical sector plan with futuristic approach for a city development. By having appropriate interaction through discussion process, this experience can be transplanted in your towns, in your sectors for project identification. In the subsequent workshops, the experiences of the DPR preparation along with the required due-diligence activities (technical, environmental, social rehabilitation, economic and financial) will be shared with you by the TA Team. Demonstration of planning and implementation process for urban infrastructure projects through ‘lessons learned’ format by visiting successful projects will also have more positive impact on the urban development. ADB TA has also proposed for few field visits to such representative successful projects across the country for the benefit of the stakeholders in NCR. I hope this seminar will benefit all the participants and stake holders engaged in development of NCR. Thanks.

1

Capacity Development of the NCRPBADB TA 7055 IND Component B

Master Planning for Urban Infrastructure NCRPB, New Delhi

April 9, 2009

Urban Sector in India

Urban population has grown at about 4% p.a. vis-à-vis 1.5% growth in rural areas

Urban population 23% in 1981 increased to 30% in 2001 and likelyto be 36% in 2011

Two-thirds of the above live in Class I (lakh plus) cities

Metropolitan (million plus) cities have increased from 5 in 1951 to 27 cities in 2001

Second largest urban system in the world

Comprises of over 3700 urban local entities (municipal corporations, councils, city-rural bodies, etc.)

Urbanization-boom for economy

In India 60% of GDP and 90% of revenue comes from urban although population is 30%

Higher is level of urbanization higher is GDP per capita of country

Higher city size – more is productivity per capita

Cities have greater output / productivity per capita than rural areas

Migration to urban – more wealth of nation

Productivity of city / nation would further increase if cities function more efficiently

Urbanization : Provides Better Life

Urbanization promotes human development

Cities are centers of excellence for education, health care, innovations, entrepreneurship, business, commerce, industry, culture and social services

Cities are large markets for all types of products, goods and services

Cities are primary centers for jobs, employment & livelihood opportunities

Access to safe drinking water (Piped water in house) 60%Households having water toilets 46%Connected to public sewerage system 28%Garbage collection Municipal Authorities 60%Living in squatter settlements 21%

Infrastructure Situation

Rakesh Mohan Committee: Rs 28000 CroreAs per PM’s speech in 2004: US$150b in next 10 yearsIn terms of GDP 8% of GDP including 2% Pvt

Present spending i) 2.8% of GDP(Govt.)ii) 0.8% of GDP(Private)

China is spending appx. 7 times(US$150b/year) as compared to India(US$20b/year)

Urban Infrastructure: need

Urban Infrastructure situation

Inadequate Water Supply and sanitation system, Unsafe Water Supply

Severe traffic congestion

Proliferation of low grade housing including slums & informal settlement

Environmental degradation of air, land and water

Solid Waste not collected completely & improper disposal

Lack of financial, technical, managerial & administrative capacity

Lack of political will

Unplanned and Uncontrolled growth of towns

Urban Infrastructure Situation

In appropriate land management

High level of urban poverty

Low quality of life indicated by poor health standards

Serious social problems as shown by increasing incidence of crime, violence and vandalism

Continued urban growth is expected to compound these problems

Low motivation of staff, no ownership no sense of care

Poor governance

Inefficient and leaking water supply systems

Ad hoc and temporary solutions


Low tariffs, poor collection efficiency

Ad hoc & poor quality of maintenance

No public participation

Unsatisfied consumers

Urban poverty is more harsh and extreme. It is manifested in poor quality of life, low income, low paying jobs, high living costs, long journey to work, shortage of housing, environmental risks

Urban Infrastructure :Planning

Investment for Urban Infrastructure is cost effective- more benefits

Plan nuts and bolts

Take adequate time in planning

Plan for Long Period

More area

Planning for Region, Sub-Region, Cluster, City

Sustainable Planning (environmentally & financially)

Quality of construction

Year Population (in lakhs)

1951 0.49

1961 0.55

1971 0.71

1981 1.03

1991 1.46

2001 2.122011 2.782021 3.652031 4.792041 6.28

Geometric Increase

Planning: Population Forecast Urban Infrastructure :Master Plan

Planning Stages

Master Plan, Development Plan, Sector plan

Phasing of Master Plan Investments

Concept report, Prefeasibility Report, Feasibility Report, DPR, Detailed Engineering Report

Report required for approval of loan

Report required for implementation


Optimum solution

Conceive vision, goal, objective

Consider local conditions

Consider policies, guidelines and applicable regulations Thank You

opgopg Master Plan Water Supply Panipat Master Plan Water Supply Panipat 11

MASTER PLANMASTER PLAN

WATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLYPANIPATPANIPAT


What is Master Plan?What is Master Plan?

It defines broad picture of Infrastructure It defines broad picture of Infrastructure requirement of :requirement of :

*A defined Geographical area*A defined Geographical area*Over a defined period of time*Over a defined period of time*Should address all components of *Should address all components of particular Infrastructureparticular Infrastructure

*Provide for phasing of activities, as *Provide for phasing of activities, as reqd. reqd.


Requirements for Master PlanRequirements for Master Plan

Details of existing InfrastructureDetails of existing InfrastructureDetailed Land use Plan for the projected Detailed Land use Plan for the projected period of planning with boundary limitsperiod of planning with boundary limitsDetails of likely developments in the Details of likely developments in the proposed geographic area effecting proposed geographic area effecting migration of populationmigration of populationStatus of existing and proposed Status of existing and proposed developments of other infrastucturesdevelopments of other infrastuctures


Continued:Continued:

Demographic history with wardDemographic history with ward--wise/areawise/area--wise breakwise break--up of the townup of the townAlternative sources of waterAlternative sources of waterDetailed topographic map of the Detailed topographic map of the development areadevelopment areaProblems experienced in O&M of existing Problems experienced in O&M of existing system and deficiencies, if anysystem and deficiencies, if any


Process of M.P. preparationProcess of M.P. preparation

Analyze existing water supply systemAnalyze existing water supply systemEvaluate alternative sources of water from Evaluate alternative sources of water from technotechno--economic points of vieweconomic points of viewMake Demographic projectionsMake Demographic projectionsFix the Design CriteriasFix the Design CriteriasMake water demand projectionsMake water demand projectionsDivide the development area in Zones for Divide the development area in Zones for water distribution system designwater distribution system design


ContinuedContinued

Design the water production system from Design the water production system from the source selected the source selected Design distribution systemDesign distribution systemDesign the O&M systemDesign the O&M systemDefine the Institutional set up for Define the Institutional set up for Execution and O&MExecution and O&MPrepare block cost estimatesPrepare block cost estimates


ContinuedContinued

Prioritise different components of the Prioritise different components of the Master Plan from the points of view of Master Plan from the points of view of technical and physical requirementstechnical and physical requirementsPrepare an investment plan for Phase Prepare an investment plan for Phase wise implementation wise implementation Get Environmental, Social and Economical Get Environmental, Social and Economical analysis done analysis done



AREAS OF DIFFERENT LIMITSAREAS OF DIFFERENT LIMITS

PARTICULARSPARTICULARS AREA IN HECTARESAREA IN HECTARES

MUNICIPAL LIMITMUNICIPAL LIMIT 17171717

CONTROLLED AREA ICONTROLLED AREA I 67406740

CONTROLLED AREA IICONTROLLED AREA II 2280022800

MASTER PLAN 2021MASTER PLAN 2021 70117011



YearYear PopulationPopulation Area Area (ha)(ha)

Density Density (ppha)(ppha)

Growth Rate Growth Rate (%)(%)

19511951 5498154981 770770 7171 --

19611961 6702667026 770770 8787 21.921.9

19711971 8798187981 770770 114114 31.331.3

19811981 137927137927 19871987 6969 56.856.8

19911991 191000191000 19871987 9696 38.538.5

20012001 261740261740 19871987 132132 37.037.0

Population Growth Panipat

(1951 – 2001)


Mathematical ProjectionsMathematical Projections Projected PopulationProjected Population

Year Year DevelopDevelopmentmentPlanPlan--20212021

ArithmetArithmeticalicalMethodMethod

IncremeIncrementalntalMethodMethod

ExponenExponentialtialMethodMethod

Growth Growth Rate byRate byIncremenIncrementaltalMethod Method (%)(%)

Growth Growth RateRate

Allocated Allocated (%)(%)

ComputedComputedPopulationPopulation

20112011 5,06,8665,06,866(43%)(43%)

4,42,8644,42,864 4,99,4384,99,438 566,637566,637 41.041.0 41.3441.34 500,543500,543

20212021 7,09,6127,09,612(40%) (40%)

5,31,5805,31,580 7,01,3027,01,302 906,619906,619 40.440.4 42.8742.87 715,105715,105

20312031 6,20,2966,20,296 9,59,7409,59,740 1,450,591,450,5900

36.936.9 33.3333.33 953,484953,484

20412041 7,09,0127,09,012 12,74,7512,74,7522

2,320,942,320,9444

32.832.8 28.3328.33 1,270,5971,270,597

Population as per 2001 census is 3,54,148

Population Projections (2011 – 2041)


Population AdoptedPopulation Adopted

YEARYEAR POPULATIONPOPULATION

20112011 5 Lac5 Lac

20262026 8.05 Lac8.05 Lac

20412041 12.70 Lac12.70 Lac


Present Water Supply sourcesPresent Water Supply sources

SystemSystem Production CapacityProduction Capacity

115 TW within Municipal 115 TW within Municipal AreaArea

56.31 MLD56.31 MLD

39 TW outside Municipal 39 TW outside Municipal AreaArea

9.07 MLD9.07 MLD

41 TW in HUDA Area41 TW in HUDA Area 15.66 MLD15.66 MLD

Total capacity 195 TWTotal capacity 195 TW 81.05 MLD81.05 MLD


PanipatPanipat--Existing Water SupplyExisting Water SupplyDistribution SystemDistribution System


Location of Tube Wells Location of Tube Wells (Municipal Area(Municipal Area))


WATER SUPPLY LEVELWATER SUPPLY LEVEL

Total Production Capacity 81.05 MLDTotal Production Capacity 81.05 MLDLikely UFWLikely UFW 40%40%Net Water SupplyNet Water Supply 48.63 MLD48.63 MLDPopulation 2008 (Appox)Population 2008 (Appox) 4.86 lac4.86 lacPresent Service Level 100 lpcdPresent Service Level 100 lpcd


Ground Water Exploitation statusGround Water Exploitation statusPanipat DistrictPanipat District

BlockBlock Exploitation LevelExploitation LevelBapoliBapoli 186 %186 %IsarnaIsarna 16 %16 %MadlaudaMadlauda 129 %129 %PanipatPanipat 137 %137 %SamalkhaSamalkha 181 %181 %Average level for Average level for DistrictDistrict

156 %156 %


Ground Water Drop in Panipat DistrictGround Water Drop in Panipat DistrictJune 1974 June 1974 –– June 2007June 2007

BlockBlock SWL June 74SWL June 74 SWL June 07SWL June 07 Drop in Drop in Water Level Water Level (m)(m)PanipatPanipat 3.813.81 21.221.2 17.3917.39

MadlaudaMadlauda 4.574.57 9.499.49 4.924.92

SamalkhaSamalkha 5.165.16 20.0920.09 14.9314.93

IsarnaIsarna 3.873.87 7.437.43 3.563.56

BapoliBapoli 5.395.39 13.0113.01 7.627.62


GROUND WATER FLUCTUATION GROUND WATER FLUCTUATION -- PANIPATPANIPAT


Tube Wells, PanipatTube Wells, Panipat


Industrial Waste flowing in DrainsIndustrial Waste flowing in Drains


Water Demand ForecastWater Demand Forecast

Designed Rate of Water Supply 160 lpcdDesigned Rate of Water Supply 160 lpcdUFW ProvisionUFW Provision 15 %15 %Demand 2011 with UFW 40% 112.5MLDDemand 2011 with UFW 40% 112.5MLDDemand 2026Demand 2026 130 MLD130 MLDDemandDemand 20412041 196 MLD196 MLD


OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

PROVIDE GOOD QUALITY POTABLE WATER IN PROVIDE GOOD QUALITY POTABLE WATER IN ADEQUATE QUANTITY AND WITH DESIRED ADEQUATE QUANTITY AND WITH DESIRED TERMINAL PRESSURETERMINAL PRESSURE

PROVIDE 24X7 WATER SUPPLYPROVIDE 24X7 WATER SUPPLY

REDUCED UFWREDUCED UFW

IMPROVED CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONIMPROVED CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONIMPROVED COST RECOVERYIMPROVED COST RECOVERY


Proposed Water Supply Zones Proposed Water Supply Zones -- PanipatPanipat


ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCESALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES

LOCAL GROUND WATERLOCAL GROUND WATER

DELHI PARALLEL BRANCH CANALDELHI PARALLEL BRANCH CANAL

YAMUNA RIVERYAMUNA RIVER


Munakh RegulatorMunakh Regulator

Upstream Downstream


Delhi Link Channel at Munakh RegulatorDelhi Link Channel at Munakh Regulator


YAMUNA RIVERYAMUNA RIVER


Salient FeaturesSalient Features

Water Treatment PlantWater Treatment Plant 200 MLD200 MLDClear Water PumpsClear Water Pumps 8nos. 590lps 46m8nos. 590lps 46mRaw Water PumpsRaw Water Pumps 6nos. 625lps 8m6nos. 625lps 8mPumping mainsPumping mains 700mm700mm 29500m29500m

500mm 2750500mm 2750mm400mm 9870m400mm 9870m350mm 9400m350mm 9400m300mm 8500m300mm 8500m

Clear Water ReservoirClear Water Reservoir 20 ML20 MLTotal OHSRs capacityTotal OHSRs capacity 64 ML64 ML


Salient Features (Contd.)Salient Features (Contd.)

Rehabilitation & Extension of Distribution systemRehabilitation & Extension of Distribution systemProviding Water Meters 800mmProviding Water Meters 800mm 4 nos.4 nos.

ZonalZonal 32 nos.32 nos.Consumer MetersConsumer Meters 33000 nos.33000 nos.

Change of all Consumer Service pipe lines with Change of all Consumer Service pipe lines with MDPE pipesMDPE pipes

UFW reduction Program through DMA methodUFW reduction Program through DMA method

Training CenterTraining Center


Proposed Water Supply System Proposed Water Supply System -- Panipat Panipat


Cost EstimatesCost EstimatesParticularsParticulars Cost (Cost (Rs.millionRs.million))Production systemProduction system 804.13804.13

Pumping main pipe linesPumping main pipe lines 593.56593.56

Zonal ReservoirsZonal Reservoirs 640.00640.00

Distribution systemDistribution system 170.63170.63

Water MetersWater Meters 183.30183.30

Tube Wells ImprovementTube Wells Improvement 46.6346.63

Misc. ItemsMisc. Items 200.00200.00

Physical contingency @10%Physical contingency @10% 275.88275.88

TotalTotal 2902.002902.00opgopg Master Plan Water Supply Panipat Master Plan Water Supply Panipat 3434


List of ZonesList of Zones

Phase IPhase I–– 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 14 to 21, 24 to 291, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 14 to 21, 24 to 29

Phase IIPhase II-- 6, 7, 8, 10 to 13, 22, 23, 30 to 326, 7, 8, 10 to 13, 22, 23, 30 to 32


Cost Estimate (Phase wise)Cost Estimate (Phase wise)ParticularsParticulars Phase Phase -- II Phase Phase -- IIIIProduction systemProduction system 523.45523.45 280.68280.68Pumping pipe linesPumping pipe lines 207.86207.86 385.70385.70Zonal ReservoirsZonal Reservoirs 420.00420.00 220.00220.00Distribution systemDistribution system 124.10124.10 46.5346.53Water MetersWater Meters 183.30183.30 --Tube Wells Tube Wells ImprovementImprovement

46.6346.63 --

Misc. ItemsMisc. Items 100.00100.00 100.00100.00Physical contingency Physical contingency @10%@10%

177.30177.30 98.5898.58

TotalTotal 1765.881765.88 1136.201136.20


Operation & MaintenanceOperation & Maintenance

SCADA FOR OPERATION OF RWPS, SCADA FOR OPERATION OF RWPS, WTP, CWPS, BOOSTER PS, TUBE WTP, CWPS, BOOSTER PS, TUBE WELLS & CONTROL OF OHSR LEVELSWELLS & CONTROL OF OHSR LEVELSO & M OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM UP O & M OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM UP TO OHSR TO BE PLACED UNDER TO OHSR TO BE PLACED UNDER MANAGEMENT CONTRACTMANAGEMENT CONTRACTBILLING & REVENUE COLLECTION TO BILLING & REVENUE COLLECTION TO BE PRIVATISEDBE PRIVATISED


THANKSTHANKS

1


Preparation of Master Plan for sewerageSpecific Reference for Hapur

NCRPB, New DelhiApril 9, 2009

Sewerage system laid in 1972Covers 20 % area15 KM sewers 150-850 mm diaOne pumping station 4 turbine pumps of 30 KW eachRising Main 450 mm Cast Iron and 450 mm RCC NP2No STPPumped sewage earlier used for irrigation but now due to urbanization no takers

Existing Sewerage System in Hapur

Existing sewers are blocked Sewers are overflowingSewers discharge waste in drainsMan holes filled with solid wasteSewage Pumping Station is very old, in bad condition and pumps lived there normal life One pump operates 2 hours a day against installation of 4 pumps- Indicate 5% flow reaches SPS

Existing Sewerage System in Hapur

EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM HAPUR

UP JAL NIGAM initiated proposals for sewerage scheme but the State Government decided to take up sewerage schemes for district head quarters and as such at present scheme preparation is on hold

HPDA insist that special approval for sewerage scheme for Hapur shall be taken from state government

HPDA is laying sewers in the sectors being developed by them but finding problem of final disposal and comprehensive planning

Proposals for Sewerage Scheme

BASE YEAR 2011

PLANNING HORIZON 2041

PLANNING HORIZON OF 30 YEARS TAKEN TO MATCH DESIGN PERIOD OF 30 YEARS FOR MOST OF THE ELEMENTS

Planning: Horizon

Year Population (in lakhs)

1951 0.49

1961 0.55

1971 0.71

1981 1.03

1991 1.46

2001 2.122011 2.782021 3.652031 4.792041 6.28

Geometric Increase

Planning: Population Forecast

Planning: Project Area

Sl. No. Particulars Area in ha

1 Municipal Corporation Area 1401

2 Master Plan 2005 Area 4633

3 Master Plan Area 2005 recently extended

5522

4 Land Use 2007 9733

TOPOGRAPHYFLAT TOPOGRAPHY –GROUND LEVELS VARY 211 M-213 M, LEVEL NEAR STP 210 M

MAJOR PHYSICAL FEATURES

RAIL LINE/NATIONAL HIGHWAY/MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY/HPDA DEVELOPMENT

Planning : Zones

Sewerage Zones - Hapur

year Population Year Projected Population

1951 0.49 2011 2.781961 0.55 2021 3.651971 0.71 2031 4.791981 1.03 2041 6.281991 1.46

2001 2.12 Geometric Increase

Population Forecast

All figures are in lakhs, UP Jal Nigam projected population of 425331 in year 2034, NCR plan 2021 proposed population for Hapur & Pilkhua of 450000 in 2021 and 350000 in 2011

Location Population year 2041

Area in Hectares

Population Density

Municipal Boundary 364631 1401 260

Area outside municipality but with in project area

263671 4121 64

Total Area 628302 5522 114

Population DensityZonal Population

The wards with high density will now grow at less rate and wards with low density will have high growthWard populations have been projected up to year 2041Zone population has been worked out from ward population

Design CriteriaFlow generation 80% of water supply @135 LPCDGround water infiltration if sewers below ground water levelPeak factor 3 to 1.6 as per contributing populationMinimum velocity 0.6 m/sec in beginning for peak flow

Design CriteriaMaximum velocity 2.75 m/secSewer flow 0.8 full at ultimate peak flowMan hole at each change of direction Depth size & spacing of man hole as per ISMinimum pipe dia 150 mmRCC NP3/NP4 pipe with sulphate resistant cementPVC/HDPE pipe in shallow streets & for house connections

Design CriteriaMinimum cover 1 meterMaximum depth 8-10 meterPumping Main: Economic dia, maximum velocity 3 m/secPipe DI/PSCCPumping Station: Sump 5 minute storage, Non clog submersible pump, pumps to take peak flow and minimum flow

Design CriteriaSewage treatment process: depend on land cost, method of disposal of waste, operational costWaste stabilization process proposed due to low operation costProvide 200 meter buffer plantation

zone

Design CriteriaLand requirement

Treatment Process Land required

Activated Sludge process/Trickling Filter 0.5 Acre/MLD

Aerated Lagoons 1.2 Acre/MLD

Waste stabilization Plant 2.5 Acre/MLD

UASB 0.42 Acre/MLD

Extended aeration 0.35 Acre/MLD

Phasing of Investment

Rehabilitate existing sewerage & Pumping Station andExtend sewerage in Municipal area and HPDA 9 Sectors in Phase 1Other areas in phase 2,3,4,5

Proposals

Sewers at 125 m/hectare=650 km of which 90% will be laterals 150/200 mm diaOutfall sewer 1000 mm for zone 1,1100 mm for zone 3 and 700 mm for zone 4PVC pipe to connect houses to sewer 410 km

Sewage Pumps For year 2026 For year 2041

Existing SPS 4 No*40 KW 4 No* 40 KW

SPS South 5 No*40 KW 300 KW

South East 3 No*20 KW 155 KW

Proposals

Waste Stabilization Plants capacity proposed and land required are as follows

STP Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 land

STP South

25 MLD 24 MLD 61 ha

STP East 5 MLD 14 MLD 19 ha

Proposals

Treated waste shall be used for irrigation. Area irrigated shall be as follows

STP Year 2011

Year 2026

Year 2041

STP South

102 ha 130 ha 219 ha

STP East 18 ha 33 ha 84 ha

Estimated Cost Lack Rs

S No Item

Phase 1

2009-2013

Phase 2

2014-2018

Phase 3

2019-2023

Phase 4

2024-2028

Phase 5

2029-2033

Grand Total

1 Rehabilitation of existing system

198

2Laterals New

3759 1706

2044 1200 1050 3 Trunk Mains New 1253 569 681 400 3504 Sewage Pump House 47 455 STP 900 600 5406 Land Acquisition 1700

7 Low Cost Sanitation, Mtc Eqp200

8 Total 8058 2875 3311 1600 1400 17243

9With Contingencies 9508 3393 3906 1888 1652 20347

Contingencies

The cost is based on current prevalent rates. The price contingency has not been taken. Provision for other contingencies taken as below

Physical contingencies at 10% Environmental mitigation at 1% Social Interventions at 1% Institutional Development Interventions at 1% Design and supervision at 5%

O & M Cost (Additional in each phase) :Rs Lacks per Annum

S No Item

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5

1 Rehabilitation 0.89

2 Sewers 12.53 5.69 6.82 4 3.5

3 M & E 1.41 1.37

4 Staff 32.5

5 SPS Energy old 18.69

6SPS Energy East 3.27

7SPS Energy South 18.69

8 Civil SPS 0.45

9 STP 4.5 3 2.7

10 STP Energy 60 48 28

Total 152.9 56.69 38.88 4 3.5

Thank You

1


Preparation of Drainage Master PlanNCRPB, New Delhi

9 April 2009

To remove storm water and sullage for minimizing:

Public Health hazardsInconvenience to residentsDeterioration of the EnvironmentPrevention of floodingInterference to other Infrastructure Services

Drainage system-Broad Objectives

Retention basins Importance of retention basins like lakes, tanks,

parks etc to be considered.They store flood waters and prevent inundation of d/s areasThey also aid in building up GWTPrevent flash floodsProvide source of water supply

Encroachment in retention basins to be strictly prohibited

Drainage – Important Aspects

Pavements and drains should always be considered as an integrated whole

During storms, drains overflow and paved roads act as drains. Thus storm water drains are designed optimally and allowed to overflow onto roads

Failure to provide drains when roads are laid may damage roads and also costlier to build later

Drains will not function if levels do not match with roads and are not linked to ultimate disposal

Drainage – Important Aspects

Combined systems: Storm flows are much higher than sewage flows. Much higher size sewers are required High peak flow fluctuations in Wet and Dry seasons cause problems for Sewage treatment Plants

Separate systems: Storm water and sullage are carried through open drains/pipe lines.

In general, Combined System not usually suitable for Indian conditions

Drainage Systems

A base map for the town with a contour

overlay

Short Duration Rainfall Data

Natural Drains/ Streams

Existing Drainage System

Flood Prone Areas

Data Requirement

Hapur - situated in Ghaziabad district - 65 Km from Delhi.Almost flat topography. The general slope of the town is from North to South. RL varies from 213 to 210 m above MSL. The depth of sub – soil water in the town varies from 9 to 12 m during different seasons. No perennial surface source in and near the town

Hapur- City Overview

Collection of Secondary Data - Town Development Plan 2005, Historical rainfall information from ‘Report on rainfall data of New Delhi (Year 1986-2006) of UP Jal NigamField Investigations - Existing storm drainage systemRainfall Analysis - Design intensities were estimated and intensity duration frequency (IDF) curves were plotted. Hydraulic Analysis & Capacity - Design flows based and hydraulic capacity of the drains was analyzed

Approach & Methodology

Four major drainsDrain No1 Drian No 2 (Choya nallah)Circular road drainDelhi Garh road drain.

All the drains ultimately flow into the Kali river- south of the town.

Drain No 1 and Choya Nallah converge at Rampur road near Haddi meel and flow in to the Kali river.

EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM

DRAIN NO 1• Main drain of the Hapur city • Enters at Hasoda village to Kali river • Passes through Jasroop Nagar, Adarsh Nagar, New

Ganesh nagar, Lajja puri, Ramgarhi village and Shivgarhi village of the town.

• Length of the drain - about 4Km.• Most problematic areas and particularly in absence of

the sewerage system the drain acts as sewer line.

DRAIN No 2 (CHOYA NALLAH)

DRAIN NO 2

Hasoda to Dastoi roadDastoi Road to Modinagar road crossing

DRAIN NO 2Modinagar crossing to Delhi Moradabad railway crossing

Railway crossing to chamri road crossing

DRAIN NO 2Chamri road crossing to Delhi Garh road crossing

Delhi Garh road crossing to Ramgarhi village

DRAIN No 3 (CIRCULAR DRAIN)

•Channeled Drain•At start – Delhi GarhRoad –width – 0.3m•At Sikander Gate –0.8m X 0.45 m•At Garh GhatiChowki – 3m x 2.8m•Length – About 2.1 Km•Full of Sewer

Adarsh Nagar - the choya nallah disappears and the water spreads in to the field and the colony. Habitation settled on the bed.

• Ganesh Nagar & Lajja Puri - Densly populated; drain restricted to about 2m width and flows in between the houses; drain acts as sewer and is blocked by solid waste.

• Gol market - at the Delhi Garh road; Due to break in the Delhi Garh drain

•

FLOOD PRONE AREAS

Adopted - Guidelines of CPHEEO manualBasic Design Parameters• Frequency of storm / return period• Depth –duration of storm• Time of concentration• Run off coefficient for the project area • Flow in the channels

•

DESIGN PARAMETERS

The peak runoff - Rational formula

Qp = CIA/360

Where,Qp - peak flow in m3 /secC – Runoff coefficientI – design rainfall intensity mm/hrA – Contributory area in hectares

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Time of ConcentrationTime required for rain water flow over ground surface from the extreme point of drainage basin to reach the point under consideration.Time of Concentration Tc=Time of Entry Te +Time of Travel TfTe = (0.87){(L^3)^0.385}/(H)

L = Distance of critical point to drain in KmH = fall in level from critical point to drain level in meters

For design – intensity of rainfall corresponding to Tc from the graph

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Runoff coefficient

Type of area Commercial/IndustrialResidential area : i) High density ii) Low density Parks & undeveloped areas

Imperviousness (%)70 to 90

60 to 7535 to 6010 to 20

•• MMainly residential with high density to low density, imperviousness cover of 60% may be considered at master plan stage.

Runoff coefficient

•• STORM FREQUENCY

Rainfall Intensity

Sl No. Type of area Storm frequency

1 Residential areas

i) Peripheral area Twice a year

ii) Central and comparatively high priced area

Once a year

2 Commercial and high priced area Once in two years

•• RAINFALL INTENSITY AND DURATION

• Storm frequency has been adopted as once in a year.

• RAINFALL DATA ANALYSIS

RMSD calculationi = a/ tm

Where : i = Intensity of rainfall (mm/hr) a,m = Constant; t = Duration (min.)

Rainfall Intensity

••

Rainfall IntensityPrecipitation

Duration 5 mm 10

mm15 mm

20 mm

25 mm

30 mm

35 mm

40 mm

50 mm

15 min346 346 344 319 265 229 177 162 79

30 min256 252 206 151 73 44 44 37 18

45 min128 95 37 24 24 18 12 8 4

60 min58 31 16 15 13 13 12 8 7

75 min38 13 13 12 11 9 6 5 0

90 min12 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1

• INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY CURVE

• I = 6492/(t )1.5

Rainfall Intensity

Hydraulic ModellingHydraulic Modelling•• Estimate RunEstimate Run--off dischargesoff discharges-- as above. as above. •• Compared with the carrying capacity of the existing Compared with the carrying capacity of the existing

drains.drains.V = 1/n x R2/3 x S1/2

Where,V = Velocity (m/s); n = Friction Factor; R = Hydraulic Radius (m); and S = Channel Slope (m/m) Capacity (Q) = A x V

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Short Term measures for year 2009- 2011:De-silting and garbage removal in all drains;Removing of weeds form Drain 1 with minor repair, such as repair of damaged work masonry, coping, plastering etc;Slab covers to be provided in Industrial Drain i.e for section 1 of choya nallah containing industrial waste water;

RECOMMENDATIONS

Long Term measures for year 2011 – 2014:• Augmentation of existing drains;• Major rehabilitation, such as construction of retaining

walls, flooring, and top cover;• Construction of complete new drains;• Elimination of cross-connections with sewers and

industrial discharges;Rough Cost Estimates …

RECOMMENDATIONS

BLOCK COST ESTIMATE

S. No Component Length Estimated Cost Km Rs. Million

1 Remodeling and channelization with construction of missing link

20.0 3,70.00

2 Provision of drain covers 2.0 25.003 Construction a new major drain 2.5 35.004 Construction/ remodeling of secondary & tertiary

drains 1,20.00

5 Sub Total 550.006 Physical contingencies @10% of sub total 55.00 Total 605.00

Thank You

1

Technology DSS for Wastewater Treatment Options

Subhash Verma

NCR Planning Board NCR Planning Board 99thth April 2009 April 2009

ContentsWhat is a DSS Objective & Need for DSS ?

• Issues - Constraints

• Technology Selection Criteria

What Technologies • Natural • Intensive – ie Mechanical

Prevalent technologiesEmerging Technologies

Experience with technologies Discussion

What is a DSS What is a DSS

Decision Support System

A uniform evaluation criteria for multi criteria evaluation for arriving at the best Option

Objective

The Decision Support System aims at :

selecting the Optimal Treatment Technology option for delivering waste

water of specified quality for

communities

Complexity in Decision Making for Appropriate Technology

Many Technology Options• Natural /mechanical • Anaerobic /aerobic biology• Suspended Growth Fixed

Film• Bio Solids Separation : Gravity

Separator / Laminar Separators • physical / chemical• Is N/P removal needed ??• advanced technologies

UV/Ozone• membranes / bio-membranes• filtration techniques• evaporation / DM/ RO ??

Many Circumstances•topography•land availability•housing•soil conditions•nature reserve•gray/black water separation•availability of collection systems

Many Actors••RegulatorRegulator•end-users•technicians•politicians•different ministries•fund providers/ donors

Many effects/constraints•Treatment Standards•environmental/soil•economical•social• Safety

DSSDSS

Decision Decision DecisionDecision

What are the Issues What are the Issues –– 1 ?1 ?

What Treatment Standards TSS < 30BOD < 20Coliforms < 10,000

Or TSS < 10BOD < 10Coliforms < 1000

OrDrinking water Quality !!!

2

What are the Issues 2 ?What are the Issues 2 ?Plant Capacity

Design Hydraulic Flow / Organic Lod• Present Requirement may be Under Capacity • Future Requirement may be Over Capacity

Question Is there a technology that can be upgraded to up graded without major changes ??

What are the Issues 3 ?What are the Issues 3 ?Residual Disposal

QuestionsDisposal of Screenings Disposal of Grit Disposal of Bio Solids

Dewatering Natural : Sludge Dewatering Beds Mechanical : Filters ( Belt Press / Screw Press)

Centrifuge

What are the constraints What are the constraints

Land Availibity

Power Availibity & Reliability

Disposal of treated wastewater River / Nala / Pond .. Is treated water going to be used

Technology Selection Criteria

Inputs:Incoming Pollutant Load

BOD - SS -% VSS - N-Nutrients –Coliforms

Requirements - Treated WW Quality• BOD - SS - N-Nutrients -Coliforms

Technology Evaluation Criteria

Land Requirement

Utility requirements

Reliability

Operator Attention & maintenance

Water recovery potential

Residuals (Sludge-Untreated)

Capital Costs

O&M costs

Bio Energy Generation ( Yes/ No ) is Yes How Much

Technology Options Range from Mechanised...

mechanised, state-of-the-art Treatment,

…. aerobic technology to anaerobic technology, ...

3

to …Natural Systems

strong smell, BOD 400 mg/l, COD 800 mg/l, TN 40 mg/l

Waste water dischargedinto the nala….

...and, 1 km downstream…no smell, BOD 15 mg/l, COD 35 mg/l, TN 33 mg/l, Coliforms 3,000/100 ml

Prevailing TechnologiesPrevailing Technologies

1. Natural Technologies Waste Stabilisation Ponds

2. Natural Extensive Technologies Lagoon Systems ( Anaerobic – Completely Mixed – Facultative Aerobic )

3. Intensive Technologies Suspended Growth Fixed Film ( Trickling Filter )UASB

Waste Stabilization PondsWaste Stabilization Ponds

Oxygen supplied by natural Oxygen supplied by natural reaerationreaeration at surface at surface and algal oxidation during daytimeand algal oxidation during daytimeOrganic material is synthesized into cells and Organic material is synthesized into cells and settles to pond bottomsettles to pond bottomTotal HRT of 20 to 40 days requiredTotal HRT of 20 to 40 days requiredBest to use 2 or 3 ponds in series Best to use 2 or 3 ponds in series

PRIMARY EFFLUENT

POND EFFLUENT

FACULTATIVE POND

Waste Stabilization PondsWaste Stabilization Ponds

Pros Pros Simple and reliable : Simple and reliable : Fit & ForgetFit & ForgetLow operation & maintenanceLow operation & maintenanceModerate ability to handle changes in influent Moderate ability to handle changes in influent flows and loads flows and loads Can be used for fish culture Can be used for fish culture

Cons Cons Large land area required; cannot be used for Large land area required; cannot be used for large systemslarge systemsHigh effluent TSS resulting from algaeHigh effluent TSS resulting from algaeCan create mosquito breeding grounds Can create mosquito breeding grounds

Lagoons Systems

3 Distinct stages in series:3 Distinct stages in series:Anaerobic; sedimentation and degradationAnaerobic; sedimentation and degradationAerated; aerobic stabilizationAerated; aerobic stabilizationFacultative; sedimentation and degradationFacultative; sedimentation and degradation

Total HRT is about 20 daysTotal HRT is about 20 daysAnaerobic stage could be UASB or Anaerobic stage could be UASB or AnaerobivAnaerobivFilter Filter

BLOWER

LAGOON EFFLUENT

COMPLETE-MIX AERATED LAGOON

PRIMARY EFFLUENT

FACULTATIVE AERATED LAGOON

ANAEROBIC LAGOON

BLOWER

Lagoon SystemsLagoon Systems

ProsProsBiogas recovery from 1Biogas recovery from 1stst stagestageStable operationStable operationModerate ability to handle changes in influent flows Moderate ability to handle changes in influent flows and loadsand loadsNitrification is possibleNitrification is possibleLow Operator AttentionLow Operator Attention

ConsConsLarge land area requirementsLarge land area requirementsAeration power requirementsAeration power requirementsFoul and hazardous biogas from 1Foul and hazardous biogas from 1stst stagestage

4

Suspended Growth ProcessSuspended Growth Process

Common secondary treatment processCommon secondary treatment processSeveral variations availableSeveral variations availableContinuous Feed : Continuous Feed : Conventional / StepConventional / Step--feed /BNR / feed /BNR /

Extended Aeration , etc Extended Aeration , etc Batch Feed : Batch Feed : Sequential Batch Reactors Sequential Batch Reactors Design Basis Design Basis

HRT : HRT : Conventional Conventional 44--10 hr10 hrExtended Aeration : Extended Aeration : 1616--24 Hrs 24 Hrs

SRT : SRT : 3 to 20 day3 to 20 day

SECONDARY EFFLUENT

WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE (WAS)

PRIMARY EFFLUENT

AERATION BASIN

SECONDARY CLARIFIER

SCREENMEDIA

BLOWER

RETURN ACTIVATED SLUDGE (RAS)

Activated Sludge ProcessActivated Sludge Process

Pros Pros Reliable & proven technologyReliable & proven technologyHigh quality effluent High quality effluent Highly flexible with highHighly flexible with high--rate variations rate variations Moderate land requirementsModerate land requirementsAerobic process; innocuous working environmentAerobic process; innocuous working environment

Cons Cons Complex aeration equipment and pumps Complex aeration equipment and pumps Skilled operations & maintenance requiredSkilled operations & maintenance requiredEffluent dependent on sludge settling characteristicsEffluent dependent on sludge settling characteristicsHigh power requirement for aerationHigh power requirement for aerationHigh capital and operating costs High capital and operating costs High sludge production with short SRTHigh sludge production with short SRTWAS is difficult to digestWAS is difficult to digest

Trickling FiltersTrickling Filters

BOD load <1 kg/mBOD load <1 kg/m33/d/dSeveral types of plastic media availableSeveral types of plastic media available

CrossCross--flowflowRandomRandom

Media up to 6 m deepMedia up to 6 m deep

Trickling FiltersTrickling FiltersPros Pros

Reliable & proven technologyReliable & proven technologyGood sludge settling propertiesGood sludge settling propertiesNo aeration blowers requiredNo aeration blowers requiredModerate power requirementsModerate power requirementsModerate land requirementsModerate land requirements

Cons Cons Primary treatment requiredPrimary treatment requiredHigh head loss; pumping requiredHigh head loss; pumping requiredComplex distributor arm mechanismsComplex distributor arm mechanismsModerate capital and operating costsModerate capital and operating costsFly, snail & Fly, snail & odourodour problemsproblemsHigh visual impactHigh visual impactEffluent turbidity can be a problem Effluent turbidity can be a problem

UASB Process

High rate anaerobic processSuspended growth systemAnaerobic microorganism granulate & settle to form a “Blanket”Waste stabilization occurs as wastewater passes through blanket Gas produced offers excellent mixing of biomass & substrate

Components of UASB

Digestion Zone

inlet mechanism

sludge bed

sludge blanket

Gas Liquid Solid Separator

Settler

UASB : UASB : ( ( UpflowUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Anaerobic Sludge Blanket )Blanket )

5

UpflowUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactorsAnaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors88--hour HRThour HRTRelatively long SRTRelatively long SRT50 to 70% BOD removal50 to 70% BOD removalModular processModular process

UASB : ( UASB : ( UpflowUpflow Anaerobic Anaerobic Sludge Blanket )Sludge Blanket )

UASBsUASBsProsPros

Simple, reliable technologySimple, reliable technologyProduces biogas for electricity generationProduces biogas for electricity generationModerate ability to handle changes in influent flowsModerate ability to handle changes in influent flowsStable Stable biosolidsbiosolids produced; can also stabilize sludge produced; can also stabilize sludge from downstream polishing processfrom downstream polishing process

ConsConsUASB effluent does not meet secondary effluentUASB effluent does not meet secondary effluentquality standards; quality standards; further treatment needed to meet 30/50Effluent is both odorous , corrosiveEffluent is both odorous , corrosiveNot suitable if Not suitable if SulphatesSulphates in wastewater highin wastewater highInefficient gas collection and usage Biogas is both Inefficient gas collection and usage Biogas is both odorous and dangerous gas must be scrubbed for Hodorous and dangerous gas must be scrubbed for H22S S removal prior to use in generatorsremoval prior to use in generators

Need for Polishing StageNeed for Polishing StageProcesses such as UASB and CEPT can achieve Processes such as UASB and CEPT can achieve BOD/TSS removals in the range of 50 to 70%BOD/TSS removals in the range of 50 to 70%

Both process need an effluent polishing stage to produce Both process need an effluent polishing stage to produce a 30/50 final effluent a 30/50 final effluent

Effluent from Effluent from UASBsUASBs is high in dissolved His high in dissolved H22S; effluent S; effluent from CEPT is high in soluble BODfrom CEPT is high in soluble BOD

Both processes exert a high IOD on the downstream Both processes exert a high IOD on the downstream polishing stagepolishing stage

Polishing Stage OptionsPolishing Stage Options

Fixed Film Fixed Film Trickling Filters (TF) / MBBR Trickling Filters (TF) / MBBR DownflowDownflowHanging Sponge (DHS)Hanging Sponge (DHS)

Suspended Growth Suspended Growth Activated SludgeActivated Sludge

Natural Natural Waste Stabilization Ponds (Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPsWSPs))WetlandsWetlands

Emerging TechnologiesEmerging Technologies

MBBR ( Moving Bed Bio Reactor )

SBR ( Sequential Batch Reactor )

MBR ( Membrane Bio Reactor ) ( Not covered – as its very expensive at present Juncture )

MBBR MBBR ( Moving Bed Bio Reactor )( Moving Bed Bio Reactor )

There are two main types of aerobic biological treatment plants:

Activated Sludge – The micro-organisms are living suspended in the wastewater creating flocks and clusters. To prevent the micro-organisms from being washed out of the plant and maintain a certain amount of them, they need to be collected and pumped back into the biological stage.

Biofilm Plants – In these plants the micro-organisms are growing on a carrier (rock, plastic, ….), creating a biofilm. There is no need for sludge recirculation in these plants.

6

MBBRMBBR--Moving Bed Moving Bed BiofilmBiofilm ReactorReactor

• The MBBR process is centered around specially engineered carrier media onwhich microorganism reside and form a biofilm

• The carrier media privides a very large surface area for the biofilm to form. The Biofilm provides a high inventory / concentration of biomass in the reactor

• The high concentration provides a very efficient and compact process that has a capacity 3 to 4 times that of a conventional activated sludge process

• Higher the surface area for the biomass, more compact the reactor

The carrier The carrier withwith biomassbiomass

”a biofilm is a group of micro-organismsand their extra cellular products,

attached to a solid surface”

The MBBR The MBBR principleprincipleThe technology is based on the biofilm principle, the key componentbeing the carriers in polyethylene with a density close to that ofwater.

The carriers are kept in suspension and continuous movement in the water by aeration or mechanical mixing.

The carriers are designed to give a large surface area for micro-organisms to grow on.

The reactor is filled with up to 67% of carriers, which are retained in the tank by sieves at the reactor outlet.

Diffused air provides O2 for oxidising the organics

Several reactors in series may be used to develop specializedbacteria in each stage.

The moving bed The moving bed biofilmbiofilm processprocess

a) Media

MBBR - Main System Components

b) Aeration System

c) Retention Sieves

e) Blowers

d) Reactor

Reduced Land Requirement

MBBRFine Screen Primary Clarifier Secondary ClarifierCoarse Screen Degritting

Gas Generation

MBBR

Fine Screen Primary Clarifier Activated Sludge Tank Secondary ClarifierCoarse Screen Degritting

Gas Generation

Conventional ASP R,AS


Gas Generation

MBBR without Primary clarifier

7



Gas Generation

MBBR


Gas Generation



Gas Generation

MBBR w/o primary clarifier

MBBR as sole biotreatment

MBBR as pre-treatment (roughing,before ASP,)

MBBR as post-treatment(polishing after UASB)

MBBR in activated sludge, (Nitrification)

MBBR process solutionsMBBR process solutions



Gas Generation

MBBR


Gas Generation


MBBRFine Screen Secondary ClarifierCoarse Screen Degritting

Gas Generation

MBBR w/o primary clarifer

Upto 80% reduction in land requirement

Process advantages- Stable Operation. more tolerant to load variations & shock

Fast recovery after system upsets ( e.g Power failures)- Process specific capacity ( Nitrification, BOD, Denitrification)- Compatible with other processes. - Can be used together with UASB, ASP

Operational advantages- No Sludge Return ( RAS)- Better sludge separability- No Sludge Bulking problems- Easier Monitoring. No SVI, F/M, WAS, etc monitoringDesign Advantages- Very small footprint- Can easily be installed in existing tanks or basins - Can be expanded by increasing media quantity or with

additional modules for higher capacity, Nutrient removal , etc

MBBRMBBR -- AdvantagesAdvantages

MBBR Disadvantages MBBR Disadvantages

MBBR is 90 % Technology & 10 % plastic medias Design Basis not established “ ie it is not a open source technology”Media Costly to very Cheap Buyer finds it difficult to evaluate various manufactures of MBBR Media Still an emerging technology

SBR ( Sequential Batch SBR ( Sequential Batch Reactor )Reactor )

It is a Suspended Growth Technology -like Activated Sludge – except it is “Batch Operated”Batches are 1. Fill 2. React 3. Settle 4. Decant 5. Idle ( if flow is less than design )

8

React

SBRsSBRs have five distinct phaseshave five distinct phases

Fill(Anoxic or aerated)

Settle Decant

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Time, Min

Idle

SBR Design BasisSBR Design Basis

\Design of an SBR is complex and requires many assumptions 1.Assume biological characteristics to get volume of tank

F/M, MLSS, kinetic parameters, SRT e.t.c.

2.Volume of tank determined from biological modelingDimensions of tank are assumed

3.Depth of basin is assumedthe varying settling velocity of sludge is not accounted for!

What does this most often lead to ?

Effect of tank depth and sludge Effect of tank depth and sludge settling time on SBR performance settling time on SBR performance

6 m’

4.5 m4.8 m

3.6 m

Assuming both SBR tanks were designed for 1-hr settling time

Deeper tank needs higher sludge settling rate (1.5 m /hour) to avoidsolids in effluent

SBRsSBRs designed without any designed without any considerations to settling qualities of considerations to settling qualities of

sludge can lead to ineffective sludge can lead to ineffective clarificationclarification

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Time, Min

Leve

l, ft

Settle Decant

MLSS = 2,800 mg/L

Liquid LevelInterface Level, Rapidly SettlingInterface Level, Slowly Settling

Sludge settling velocity is a Sludge settling velocity is a function of the MLSS concentrationfunction of the MLSS concentration

Effect of MLSS concentration

MLSS Biological capacity

MLSS Settling velocity Time to Settle

Settling time needs to be incorporated into the design of SBRs

Guidelines for selecting cycle Guidelines for selecting cycle timestimes

Fill phaseTFill,Avg = Average fill timeTFill,Min = Minimum time to fill

React phaseTReact = Biological reaction time

Settle & Decant phasesTSettle = Settling timeTDecant = Decant time

Idle phaseTIdle = Idle time

9

SBR Designs SBR Designs

1. MLSS concentration and sludge settlingcharacteristics should be used to determine the

settling and decant times

2. Flow peak should be used to determine the minimum

idle time & reactor volumes

3. React time should be determined using biological

modeling

4. Relationship between total number of tanks and cycle

time should be checked for Peak flow

SBR : Pros & Cons SBR : Pros & Cons

Pros Automated Technology Minimal Operator Attention Can deliver BOD / TSS < 10 mg/l Can achieve Nitrification & Denitrification

Cons High Costs for Technology Automation needs skilled manpower Automation needs reliable & clean electricity

What is Recommended What is Recommended For Stream Discharge Standards 20 mg/l BOD Plants of Capacity less than 20 mld -

Extended Aeration MBBR SBR

Plants of Capacity more than 20 mldPrimary Clarifier Secondary Treatment Activated Sludge / MBR /. SBR) Bio Gas Recovery CAPEX is of Importance – then adopt Activated Sludge : its old proven & reliable

Thank You. Questions?Thank You. Questions?

1

National Capital Region Planning Board 1

Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience

Integrated Water Resource Management :

Singapore’s Experience

Presented by Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner

NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARDMINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT, GOVT. OF INDIA

NEW DELHI 9th April, 2009



Singapore

1.6 mil m3/day2,500 mm4.6 mil704 km2

Population

Average Water DemandAverage Annual Rainfall

Land Area

Country Information



The Blue Map of Singapore



Work of Integrated Water Resource Management in Singapore is assigned to Public Utilities Board (PUB) by the Ministry of Environment & Water Resources, Govt. of Singapore

PUB is a Statutory Board constituted under the Public Utilities Act 2001 to provide integrated water supply, sewerage and drainage services in Singapore with the objective to ensure an efficient, adequate & sustainable supply of water to Singapore

PUB Manages the Complete Water Cycle from sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking water, to treatment of used water and turning it into NEWater & drainage of storm water



Rain Sea

Direct Non-Potable Use

Indirect Potable Use

Water Cycle in Singapore



Four Sources of Water

• Local catchment

• Imported water

• NEWater

• Desalinated water

Three Public Participatory Approaches

• Conserve Water

• Value Water

• Enjoy Water

2



PunggolPunggol

Legend

Unprotected Water Catchment

Protected Water Catchment

Proposed Water Catchment

Protected CatchmentUnprotected

Catchment Urban Stormwater Collection

System

o Half of Singapore is already water catchment

o Catchment area will be increased from half to

two-thirds by 2011

First National SourceMacRitchie Reservoir

Kranji Reservoir

Bedok Stormwater Pond

Local Catchments Waters



Local Catchments: Marina BarrageCreating a reservoir in the city• Urban catchment comprising a seventh of Singapore• Located at the edge of the Central Business District• 3-in-1 function: water storage, flood control, lifestyle attraction• Officially opened by the Prime Minister on 31st Oct 08



PulauSerangoon Cofferdam Site Office

Proposed Serangoon Reservoir

Punggol – Serangoon Reservoir SchemeExpanding the First National Source

The 16th and 17th reservoirs of Singapore

Serangoon ReservoirPunggol Reservoir

Proposed PunggolReservoir

Pulau Punggol Timor

Gatehouse area

Marina Country Club



• Two water agreements with Johor, Malaysiao 1961 to 2011o 1962 to 2061

State of Johor, Malaysia

PUB pipelines carrying water from Johor

Second National SourceImported Water from Johor



NEWater pipeline

NEWater Plant

Service Reservoir

Legend

Ulu Pandan

Kranji Expansion9 mgd 17 mgd

Bedok Expansion7 mgd 18 mgd

NEWater capacity to meet 30% of Singapore’s water needs by 2011

Changi5th NEWater

Plant

Third National Source

Kranji

Seletar

Bedok

NEWater



Changi NEWater Plant

3



Collection of Used Water

Jurong WRP

Ulu Pandan WRP

Kranji WRP

Seletar WRP

Kim Chuan WRP

Bedok WRP

Water Reclamation Plants

Used water pumping stationUsed water pumping station

ChangiWRP


Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore ExperienceDeep Tunnel Sewerage System Ensures long term sustainability of Singapore’s

water resources (i.e. NEWater & catchment water)

DTSS ($3.6 billion; 2000 to 2008)

DTSS ($3.6 billion; 2000 to 2008)

Progressive phasing out of used water infrastructure with DTSS

• 3 WRPs and 45 pump stations will be phased out, freeing 161 ha of land

Progressive phasing out of used water infrastructure with DTSS

• 3 WRPs and 45 pump stations will be phased out, freeing 161 ha of land

Completed in Feb 2005

DEEP TUNNELDEEP TUNNEL

To be completed in 2008



Digesters Sludge Scrapers

DTSS Pumps

Sludge Dewatering

DTSS Tunnel

Basement Pipe Gallery

Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) will be fully completed in 2008 with the commissioning of Changi Water Reclamation Plant (CWRP).

DTSS ON SCHEDULE FOR COMPLETION IN 2008

DTSS



Desalinated Water

To augment and diversify our water resources

Sing Spring Pte. Ltd., under a 20 year DBOO arrangement with PUB

One of the largest seawater RO plants

Supply of 30 mgd for 20 years

Opened on 13 Sep 05

Fourth National Source



UFW Control

Measures To Control

UFW

LeakageControl

Accurate Metering

Network Management

Strict Legislation

Water ConservationWater Demand Management

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

20071990

4.4

Percentage Water Conservation

Strategy

PricingReflect the strategic

importance and scarcity value of water

Voluntary3P approach

Promote ownership of water

conservation

MandatoryCut down on excessive

flow and wastage of water

Conserving Waters



Water Conservation Tax (WCT)

Broad-based Tax levied by the Government to reinforce the water conservation message

Waterborne Fee (WBF)

Volume-based used water fee

Used water fee

It comprises of WBF and Sanitary Appliances Fee (SAF) at $3/sanitary fitting per month.

Wash Basins10%

Shower29%

Flushing Cisterns16%

Laundry19%

Others4%

Sink22%

Domestic Sector Breakdown

176

172170 170

166165 165 165 165 165

162160

158157

155

160

165

170

175

180

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Per

Cap

ita C

onsu

mpt

ion

(lit/d

ay)

Measures taken for Conservation Water Pricing

Volume-based billing;

Regulatory Mechanism

Plans to move towards Single Pricing for

water supply and used water services

4



Participatory Approach - Voluntary MeasuresThe 10-Litre Challenge

Residential• Use of Dual Flush Flushing Cisterns made mandatory from July, 2009

• Promote Water Volunteer Groups (WVGs) – so far 70 WVGs formed in 40 constituencies

• Website Portal developed for water conservation – so far 130,000 hits

• Promoting Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS)

So far 500 products labelled under WELS. It is proposed to mandate for some products from July, 2009

• Promoting Water Efficient Homes

All 84 constituencies launched with the scheme. So far 40% households installed with water saving device



Participatory Approach - Voluntary Measures

CommercialPromoting Water Efficient Building (WEB) in Non- Domestic Sector

In order to save 10% of their monthly water consumption in the non-domestic sector, particularly the commercial sector, the Water Efficient Buildings are being promoted

Encourage building owners to take ownership by promoting S.A.V.E.

Survey the water usage patternAdjust to efficient flow rates/flush volumes, avoid water leakage and use water efficient labelled products.Value the importance of water Establish good water conservation practices in the organisation

So far 1200 buildings/premises have been certified as WEB



Industrial

Promote water recycling through

1. Use of NEWater (integrated approach)

• Supply through a secondary reticulation system

• Purer water quality for process use, boilers, laundry

• air-con cooling towers

• further treated to produce Ultra-Pure Water for use in high-end electronic companies

2. Water Efficiency Fund

• To encourage companies to look into efficient ways of managing their water demand through various water conservation projects such as in-house recycling



Glimpses of NEWater Plant





5





1

2. RO

1. Ultrafiltration

3. UV Disinfection

4. Water Conditioning

234









6













7





Website Portal

> 130,000 hits

Dual Flush LCFCs

To mandate in Jul 2009

Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme

> 500 products labelled under WELSTo mandate for some

products from Jul 2009

Participatory Approach - Voluntary Measures

Water Volunteer Groups (WVGs)

70 WVGs formed in 40 constituencies

Residential

Water Efficient Homes

All 84 constituencies launched with >40%

households installed with water saving devices

Documents

SBR Workshop Report