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Schematic Diagram Symbols
• Wires
Wires are connected with a dot at the junction. Wires that are not connected simply cross withouta connection dot. If wires form a cross at their connection, it is better to stagger them forming ”t”junctions so that the connection is clear even if the connection dot is not.
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TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 1: Wires
• Power and Ground Symbols
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 2: Power and Ground Symbols
There are several symbols used for ground. Some conventions distinguish earth ground, signalground, and chassis ground. However, these are often used interchangeably. Many differentpower symbols are also seen depending upon the country of origin. The actual supply voltageusually indicated.
• Switches
There are many different kinds of switches seen in schematics. Most will resemble these samples.
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 3: Switches
1
• Resistors
Resistors typically do not have a rated wattage shown. In most schematics, the resistors are all ofthe same wattage and this will be stated somewhere on the schematic.
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 4: Resistors
• Diodes
There are many types of diodes. Here are a few of the most common. Zener diodes will often haveboth a part number and the rated voltage to aid in understanding the circuit operation.
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 5: Diodes
2
• Inductors and Transformers
Transformers often will have a small dot placed at one end of its windings. These are phasing dotswhich indicate the instantaneous voltage polarity at each of the ”dotted” ends of the windings isthe same.
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source Figure 6: Inductors
• Capacitors
Capacitors will sometimes have a voltage listed if it is critical. Often, all the capacitors on aschematic will have the same voltage rating. If so, this will be stated somewhere on the schematic.
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 7: Capacitors
• Independent Sources
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 8: Independent Sources
3
• Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT’s)
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 9: Bipolar Junction Transistors
• Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET’S)
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 10: Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET’S)
• Battery, Motor, Connections
FILE: REVISION:
DRAWN BY: PAGE OF
TITLE
v3.3 v5.0
signal groundearth ground
wires crossing but
not connected
wires connected
at center point
archaic − don’t use
power supply
connection
to +3.3 volts
power supply
connection
to +5 volts
1 2
S?
1 2n.o.
S?
1 2n.c.
S?
pushbutton
switch
single pole single throw
normally open switch
single pole single throw
normally closed switch preferred, to
prevent ambiguity
R?
10k
2
31
R?
10K
R?
10k Variable resistor, also
called a potentiometer Photo resistor, its value is
nominal and varies with light
C?
0.1uF
C?
1uF
C?
100pfnon−polarized
capacitor
polarized electrolytic
or tantalum capacitorvariable capacitor
I?1mA
V?10V
D?
1N5711
2
1
4
3T?
D?
L?
4.7uH
C
E
Q?
Z?
5.6V
D?
1N4148Zener diode, Usually has
rated voltage shown
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Schottky diode Standard Diode
Photo transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor N−channel MOSFET
Q?
2N7000
Q?
BS250
P−channel MOSFET
B?3V
netnameTP? B
C
E
Q?2N4401
B
C
E
Q?2N4403
M
M?
Motor Battery Test Point Connector
Resistor
Inductor Transformer
Independent Current Source Independent Voltage Source
Figure 11: Motor, Battery and Connection Symbols
4
