[Sci-Tech]TheHindu Sep-Oct-Nov(Part3of4) ComputerITMobile Tech Gecko, Street View Trekker, Param Yuva, EMF Radiation

8/19/2019 [Sci-Tech]TheHindu Sep-Oct-Nov(Part3of4) ComputerITMobile Tech Gecko, Street View Trekker, Param Yuva, EMF …

1/18

Prologue

So far

• Part 1 of 4: Environment-Biodiversity

• Part 2 of 4: Agriculture and Healthcare

• Part 3 of 4: !"#om$uters related %you&re here'

• Part 4 of 4: S$ace and defense related %#oming in a fe( hours'

ICT for Public welfare

#1: C-DAC mobile app for women’s safety

• #-)A#*#entre for )evelo$ment of Advanced #om$uting under)e$artment of Electronics and nformation !echnology %)eit+'

• ,ade ne( moile a$$ for (omen.

• /ust y $resing a utton on the $hone- the (omen in distress

can send automatic message to nearest $olice control room.!hen $olice can trac0 the (omen ased on her moile location-send neary P# van etc.

• Pilot $roect in aasthan.

• financed y Nirbhaya fund

but What is Nirbhaya fund?

n 213&s udget #hindu came u$ (ith t(o ne( initiatives for (omen

1. all ndia an0 for (omen

2. 5irhaya fund. %5amed after )elhi ra$e victim 65irhaya'

!his 5irhaya fund has 1 crore ru$ees- to su$$ort (omen centric$roects y government and 578s.

#2 ith! App

http://mrunal.org/2013/11/sci-tech-thehindu-sep-oct-novpart-1-of-3-environment-and-biodiversity-enb-jellybloomse-waste-rulessafar-tech.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/sci-techthehindu-sep-oct-novpart-1of3-agriculture-public-health-medical-research-related.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/sci-techthehindu-sep-oct-novpart-1of3-agriculture-public-health-medical-research-related.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2013/11/sci-tech-thehindu-sep-oct-novpart-1-of-3-environment-and-biodiversity-enb-jellybloomse-waste-rulessafar-tech.html


2/18

• 9ith is an emergency A$$ for moile $hones. %you may haveseen its ad on !9'

• A$$ launched y #hannel 9 %of Star ndia $vt. ltd.' in res$onse

to )elhi and Bomay gangra$e incidents

• ;ith only 2 clic0s of the $o(er utton $erson can send S8Smessage to their guardian along (ith location on google ma$s.

• A$$ 0ee$s sending the message re$eatedly every t(o minutes(ith ne( location u$dates.

• Limitation: Phone must have 7PS< internet connection.

#": oo$le for %ndian women

8nly 1"3rd of ndian internet users are (omen. 7oogle ndia came u$(ith ne( $roect to get = million ndian (omen online y the end of214.

Ho(>

1. 9ia a ne( (esite 6hwgo.com6. !his (esite (ill $rovide very

asics of the nternet s$ecial content for (omen li0e childcarecoo0ing reci$es household management etc .

2. Availale in Hindi < English. %Similarly ntel designed a moilea$$ 6easy ste$? to $romote digital literacy'

3. !oll free hel$line numer @ (here (omen can call and get freeans(ers aout internet"com$uter. %1 41 CC'

4. A $ilot $roect in aasthan to train com$uter-net surfing to 1la0h (omen.

Benefits:

• 5e( o$$ortunity for (omen to get education freedom ofeD$ression and self-esteem. ltimately

• ess ,, and ,

• Higher 7)P and H)


3/18

#&: oo$le to defend freedom of e'pression

7oogle funded follo(ing $roects to fight against online arriers

Proectshield

• to $rotect (esites against 6distriuted denial ofservice? %))oS' attac0s.

• 7oogle gave money to defend (esites related toinde$endent ne(sre$orters human rights andelections-related loggers %(hom hac0ers"secretgovernment s$y agencies try to shut do(n'

)igital Attac0,a$

• is a live data visualiFation to ma$ ))oS attac0sacross gloe.

• sho(s real-time anonymous traffic data related tothese attac0s.

uProDy

• is a ne( ro(ser eDtension under develo$ment

• let&s friends $rovide each other (ith a trusted$ath(ay to the (e- thus $rotects your net surfingfrom filtering surveillance or misdirection.

#(: )treet iew *re++er


4/18

• (earale ac0$ac0 (ith a camera installed at the to$

• #amera has 1= lenses ta0es $icture every 2.= seconds. !he

images are stiched together (ith soft(are* you get a 3Gdegree vie( of the location.

• or streetvie(s %under google ma$s' they mount this camera onto$ of a car.

• ut Icertain $laces li0e ancient monuments or natural sites thecar cannot go. and $erson has to ta0e this camera on foot.

• why in news? Because 7oogle ndia and the ArchaeologicalSurvey of ndia %AS' announced $artnershi$ to create 3G-degree online imagery of 1 most im$ortant heritage

• including !a ,ahal Jhauraho Kutu ,inar Humayun&s !omand Aanta and Ellora caves.

• (ill hel$ $eo$le virtually visit those site.


5/18

• #once$t already used for 7rand #anyon in the S and ,t ui in/a$an. clic0 me to see

Sea!ing of monuments and culture

"ittur #tsa$%&'()

• n Jarnata0a

• to celerate the historical revolt of ani#hennamma. She (as Lueen of Jittur in5.Jarnata fought against the British in 124.

• /ana$ada Jalavahini: #ultural $rocession

sho(ing traditional art forms of northJarnata0a region.

*yyaanTheeyyattu

• Ayya$$an !heeyyattu is an age old tem$le artform from Jerala.

• !here are no training schools and it is$ractised and $ro$agated y a handful ofmemers of a fe( families 0no(n as !hiyyadi5amiars

• dayasthamana0oothu: $erformance of the artin full y a single $erformer that ends (ithrea0ing of 12 coconuts.

Bidar •

Bidar is a city of Jarnata0a.

• n the 14s it (as the ca$ital of Bahamani0ingdom.

• Bahamani 0ings used Persian style toconstruct the $alace (ater system etc. here

• !he 60areF? (ater system* a com$leD system

of aLueducts used for agricultural irrigation.

http://www.google.com/maps/views/streetview/mount-fuji?hl=enhttp://www.google.com/maps/views/streetview/mount-fuji?hl=en


6/18

• has three national monuments @ Bidar ort Ashtur toms and the ,adrasa of ,ahmud7a(an

o0 ut (hy in ne(s>

;orld ,onuments und %;,' gave caMH toollo(ing desi monuments:

1. Bidar in Jarnata0a

2. house of Shei0h Salim #histi in ateh$ur Si0ri

3. /una ,ahal in aasthan

PIN (('&'(

• this has nothing to do (ith Sci-tech or #ulture.ut came across (hile going through !hursdayne(s$a$er.

• )e$artment of Posts has given this se$arate

P5 code N 1121 N for the Su$reme #ourtof ndia.

• before this PIN: letter to S#*Osorting office*O delivery $ost office*Oreaches to S#.

• *fter : letter to S#*Osorting office*Odirectlyreaches S#.

•

Benefit? faster delivery < cost savings for $ostoffice

• Soon Se$arate P5 codes for High courts as(ell.

any(ays ac0 to the to$ic: ! to$ic.

#,: aram .u/a %%


7/18

• su$er com$uter y #-)A# %#entre for )evelo$ment of Advanced #om$uting'

• launched in early 213

• ca$acity: =24 teraflo$s ut consumes 3= less electricity thanother su$ercom$uters of same ca$acity.

ses>

1. Precise (eather forecast

2. faster ta$$ing of natural resources in the sea

3. design customised drugs for individuals

4. solve large and com$leD com$utational $rolems

+! but why in News?

• !his su$ercom$uter has een ran0ed in the list of to$ =Q7reen& su$ercom$uters in the (orld.

• n terms of Po(er efficiency Param&s ran0ing: 1st in ndia th in Asia-Pacific and 44th in (orld

IT: new Technology by Indians

#1: e0+o: luetooth de/i0e


8/18

• 7ec0o is a Bluetooth device- siFe ust little igger than a coin. yBanglore ased startu$ com$any.

• it also has an accelerometer sensor @ to detect motion.

• +ou can $air it (ith an a$$le or android $hone"device.

o0 ut (hat&s the use>

1. Since it can detect motion- you $ut it in the door0no- everytimesomeone o$ens door it&ll notify you on $hone. f someone o$ensdoor at odd hours- say 2A, it can ma0e your $hone raise theurglar alarm.

2. similarly can e $ut in a $illoD- to ensure the $erson doesn&tforget to ta0e medicine. %if he forgets*$illoD doesn&tmove*gec0o sends remainder via $hone'

3. you can even $air it (ith a camera- once you can get in theframe (ave your arm and 7ec0o (ill trigger the camera toshoot $hoto

,hy in news? ecause A$$le&s co-founder Steve ;oFnia0 gavefunding.

#2: endri/e

• Another startu$ com$any- one of its founder from ndia- Pan0aisood.

• Rendrive aims to ma0e driving etter y using data fromsmart$hone sensors.

• insurance com$anies can use its data to determine auto-insurance $remium e.g. if $erson has erratic driving hait*moreli0ely to accident*should e charged higher insurance $remium.

• Similarly Parents could also use the system to trac0 theirteenagers& driving haits.

• )etermining est route ased on real time traffic data and so on.


9/18

• ,hy in news? Because /erry +ang %of +ahoo' gave funding tothem.

#": oomCar /t3 4td

• !his is ndia&s first and only car-sharing com$any %similar toRi$car in the S'.

• allo(s individuals to hire cars y the hour or y the day.

• +ou can rent a car as lo( as s 22= an hour- for $ersonaldriving. %you must e minimum 23 years old'

•

eservations are made through the (esite or through moile.

• f you get in car accident- they coordinate everything (ith the$olice insurance and road-side assistance.

• Availale only in Bangalore at the moment.

• ,hy in news? Because former S treasury secretary arrySummers gave funding to this startu$ com$any.

IT: -o$ernment ules/Policy

#1: 567 radiation limit

)o! %)e$artment of !elecom' $anel has recommended 1 la0h fine if cell to(er violates E, %electro magnetic field' radiation limits. %.4=(atts $er sL metre'

,ore ac0ground ne(s covered in an earlier article: clic0 me

et&s chec0 the theory

5le0troma$neti0 field 85679

• as the name suggests: Electrical field < ,agnetic ield*Electromagnetic field %E,'

• E, is created (hen electric and magnetic (aves travel tos$ace together.

http://mrunal.org/2012/08/snt-mobile-rad.html#21http://mrunal.org/2012/08/snt-mobile-rad.html#21


10/18

• for eDam$le: electricity su$$ly radio (aves from !9 radiodevices medical devices moile $hones radar and satellitecommunications.

• E, strength is measured in units watt er s0uaremeter1,/m&2.

• E, radiation (ea0ens very Luic0ly as (e move a(ay from thesource " antenna.

• E, strength is inversely $ro$ortional to the sLuare of thedistance from the source.

• e.g. (hen distance from antenna doules %2D' the E, strengthis reduced to %1"4'th

• Similarly (hen distance 3times %3D' strength reduced to 1" th.

5le0troma$neti0 adiation 8569

ts source can e of t(o ty$es

natural manmade

9 visile light radio !9 moile $hones etc.

(e can further classify electromagnetic radiation ased on can theyioniFe %and hence damage' iological molecules>

Non Ioni3ing radiation Ioni3ing radiation

1. moile handsets and antenna

2. radiation from visile light

3. infra-red radiation

1. -ray radiation

2. gamma rayradiations

has relatively lo( energy and lo(freLuency relatively higher


11/18

• can&t rea0 chemical onds in odycells.

• can&t cause ioniFation of atoms andmolecules.

• can&t damage )5A

#an do those damages.

5le0troma$neti0 spe0trum

8serve follo(ing $hoto-rom left to right: freLuency increases and

(avelength decreases.

6obile 7re;uen0ies

moile handset freLuency

#),A G @ ,HF

7S, 3= @ G ,HF

7S,1 1= @ 1 ,HF


12/18

37 211 @ 21C ,HF

47 23-24 ,HF

8serve freLuency increases (ith ne( technology. ,eaning(avelength must decrease.

S$ea0ing of moile $hones

• A moile $hone is t(o (ay radio.

• t contains a transmitter and a receiver.

• t emits electromagnetic radiation to eDchange information (ithnearest ase station.

• ut the strength of electromagnetic field decreases ra$idly as (emove a(ay from source- so (e need to setu$ more and moremoile to(ers to have good connectivity.

)pe0ifi0 Absorption ate 8)A9

• t is the ate at (hich adio reLuency energy is asored inthe human ody

• nit of SA * (atts $er 0ilo gram %;"0g' of tissue.

• Every model of moile handset has s$ecific SA value.

• SA imit in ndia: 1.G ("0g %effective from Se$.212'

• SA matter falls under )e$artment of !elecom.

myth fact

t is safer using amoile from carecause the carshields from the

,oile $hone generates more radiationto overcome the shielding of car and reachthe to(er. so infact using $hone (hile incar*more harmful.


13/18

radiation.

moile $hone emits

radiation only (henyou are tal0ing (ithsomeone.

As long as moile is 6on? it automatically

transmits adio freLuency signal to chec0%$oll' the net(or0 (ith nearest to(er. itdoesn&t matter (here you&re tal0ing or not.

,oile Base stationsare dangerous and (eshould 0ee$ distancefrom it.

;e need to 0ee$ distance from theQantenna& of ase station.At the groundlevel the radiation intensity is much lesserthan IAntenna.

• ,etal T (ater are good conductors of radio (aves so avoidusing a moile $hone (hile (earing metal-framed glasses orhaving (et hair

• Peo$le having active medical im$lants should $referaly 0ee$the cell $hone at least 1= cm a(ay from the im$lant

6obile towers- radiation limits

• for moile $hones !elecom de$artment has $rescried SAlimits %1.G ("0g'

• similarly for ,oile to(ers !elecom de$artment has $rescriedE, radiation limits:

5ation E, limit for moile to(ers

ndia .4= (att"m2

#hina . (att"m2

taly .1 (att"m2

Even talians are more conscious aout moile to(er radiation thanndia"#hina.


14/18

• Any(ays if a moile to(er o$erator doesn&t com$ly (ith thislimit he&ll have to $ay 1 la0h ru$ees fine $er to(er.

• !elecommunications Engineering #entre %!E#' under

)e$artment of !elecom measures these radiation levels.

! radiation: three types

• ltra violate light %9' has three suty$es ased on their(avelength

• Shorter the (avelength*more dangerous for ody.

9A(avelengthlongestamong 3

,aority of 9 radiation coming to earth is ofthis ty$e.

9B

medium

As 8Fone layer de$letes more and more ofthis 9B light incoming. t cannot $enetrateeyond s0in layer. Hence does all its damageto s0in itself e.g. tanning urning s0in cancer.

9#

shortestamong 3

ut doesn&t reach earth&s surface. ,ostdamaging- u$to cell&s )5A. Artificial 9#lights used in food"medical"$harma industry to0ill germs.

4&: Preferential mar!et access 1P5*2 olicy

•

By )e$artment of Electronics and ! %)E!+'

• P,A $olicy ma0es it mandatory for the government and $rivatecom$anies to $rocure a certain $ercentage of its reLuirementsfrom desi manufacturers.

• !his (as o$$osed y American com$anies including A$$le.

• 5o( government revising this $olicy to give some eDem$tion to

$rivate com$anies


15/18

• And limit to the sco$e of P,A $olicy to only the su$$ly ofelectronic and telecom eLui$ment that has securityimlications.

4): IT Potential in *frica

5othing sci-tech ut some fodder material:

Sco$e of ndian ! #om$anies in Africa ecause of follo(ing reasons:

1. ,ost of the African countries are seeing $olitical staility andetter economic gro(th than ever efore.

2. ndian com$anies can create digital infrastructure for in e-

governance e-an0ing e-learning- es$ecially formaths


16/18

• ,ar0 Ru0erurg %faceoo0' (ants to ring themto faceoo0- hence offered 3 illion M cash tosna$chat ma0er ut he refused.

;indo(s.1

• t&s a $atch released y ,icrosoft to add ne(features in the eDisting ;indo( 8$eratingsystem

+ahoo

Loo!flow*+ahoo ought this com$any to $rovideimage recognition facility in +ahoo&s $hoto (esite

6flic0r?Tumblr *+ahoo ought this loggingcom$any5arissa 5ayaer *+ahoo&s female #E8.

5oc! 6uestions

1. Arrange the given moile $hones in the ascending order of thefreLuency they use: %1' 37 %2' 7S, %3' #),A

a. 123

. 321

c. 213

d. All (or0 on same freLuency

2. Arrange these in ascending order of (avelength %1' 9isile ight%2' 7amma ays %3' adio(aves %4' ,icro(aves

a. 1234

. 4321

c. 1243

d. 2143

6).Consider following statements

1. ani #hennamma (as the Lueen of Southern Jerala.


17/18

2. ani #hennamaa (as a contem$orary of ani 7aidinliu.

3. Both ani #hennamma and ani 7aidinliu had fought againstthe British.

#orrect Statement%s'

A. 8nly 1

B. 8nly 2 and 3

#. 8nly 1 and 3

). 8nly 3

67. Consider following statements

1. Bidar fort is located in Balasore 8disha.

2. Bidar (as once the ca$ital of Bahmani 0ings

3. Bahmani architecture is influenced y Persian style.

#orrect Statement%s'

A. 8nly 1

B. 8nly 2 and 3

#. 8nly 1 and 3

). 8nly 3

68. Consider following statements

1. SA is the rate at (hich ase to(er receives signals frommoile $hones in the given cell region.

2. n ndia SA limit for moile $hones is .4= (atts"sL.meter

3. !he SA and E, radiation limits are administered y ,inistryof Environment and orest

#orrect statements


18/18

A. 8nly 1 and 2

B. 8nly 2 and 3

#. only 1 and 3). 5one

5ains

= mar0s

1. 5irhaya und

2. 9ith A$$

3. Street 9ie( !re00er

4. Jittur tsav

=. Ayya$$an!heeyyattu

G. Bidar ort

1 ani #hennamma

1 Ayya$$an !heeyyattu

1 Param +uva

1 7ec0o Bluetooth device

1 Rendrive

1 Preferential mar0et access %P,A'$olicy

12mar0s

1. )iscuss the significance of nformation and #ommunication!echnology %#!' as a tool for em$o(erment and safety of(omen.

2. ;rite a rief note aout any five (omen freedom fighters ofndia- eDce$t ani aDmiai Annie Besant ,eeraen Jasturaand Saroini 5aidu.

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[Sci-Tech]TheHindu Sep-Oct-Nov(Part3of4) ComputerITMobile Tech Gecko, Street View Trekker, Param Yuva, EMF Radiation