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Scientific MethodScientific Method
What is the Scientific Method?What is the Scientific Method?– Steps to Solving a problemSteps to Solving a problem
1.1. Observe a ProblemObserve a Problem
2.2. Research the ProblemResearch the Problem
3.3. ExperimentExperiment
4.4. Collect DataCollect Data
5.5. Draw a ConclusionDraw a Conclusion
Define/State the ProblemDefine/State the Problem
Based on ObservationsBased on Observations Include your 5 senses: Include your 5 senses:
Touch,smell,taste,sight,hearTouch,smell,taste,sight,hear
HypothesisHypothesis
Educated Guess Educated Guess Based on Observations, Inferences, Based on Observations, Inferences,
and Previous knowledgeand Previous knowledge A hypothesis is written BEFORE the A hypothesis is written BEFORE the
experiment!experiment!
ExperimentExperiment
Control Group: Part of experiment Control Group: Part of experiment that is not changed! All conditions that is not changed! All conditions are kept the sameare kept the same
Experimental Group: All conditions Experimental Group: All conditions kept the same except one condition!kept the same except one condition!
ExperimentExperiment
Variable: the 1 condition that is Variable: the 1 condition that is changed!changed!
There is only 1 variable in an There is only 1 variable in an experiment!experiment!
DataData
Dependant Variable: Condition that Dependant Variable: Condition that results from the independent results from the independent variable.variable.
Independent Variable: The condition Independent Variable: The condition that is changed. Variable that affects that is changed. Variable that affects the outcome of the experiment.the outcome of the experiment.
Example: Rainfall - monthExample: Rainfall - month
ConclusionConclusion
Collect Data to prove or disprove Collect Data to prove or disprove your hypothesis. your hypothesis.
Graph or TablesGraph or Tables If positive result – repeatIf positive result – repeat If negative result – make new If negative result – make new
hypothesis and test over.hypothesis and test over.
Theory/LawTheory/Law
Theory: Well tested hypothesisTheory: Well tested hypothesis
Law: FactLaw: Fact
When does a hypothesis become a When does a hypothesis become a theory? When it is proven many theory? When it is proven many times.times.
Popcorn ProblemPopcorn Problem
Alice accidentally put the jar of Alice accidentally put the jar of popcorn kernels in the freezer. She popcorn kernels in the freezer. She usually keeps the kernels at room usually keeps the kernels at room temperature. Alice observed that temperature. Alice observed that when she popped the frozed popcorn when she popped the frozed popcorn kernels, they seemed to pop more kernels, they seemed to pop more popcorn.popcorn.
Popcorn ProblemPopcorn Problem
State the problem:State the problem:
Does frozen popcorn pop more?Does frozen popcorn pop more? What was the observation made?What was the observation made?
Frozen popcorn seemed to pop more.Frozen popcorn seemed to pop more. Form a Hypothesis:Form a Hypothesis:
If you freeze popcorn then the popcorn If you freeze popcorn then the popcorn will pop more.will pop more.
Popcorn ProblemPopcorn Problem
Control: Control:
Popcorn at room temp.Popcorn at room temp. VariableVariable
Popcorn in the freezerPopcorn in the freezer Constants:Constants:
Same popcorn, same amount of time, Same popcorn, same amount of time, same amount of popcorn, exp. Date, same amount of popcorn, exp. Date, temp.temp.
Popcorn ProblemPopcorn Problem
Data:Data: TrialTrial # of kernels # of kernels popped @ popped @ room temproom temp
@ of kernels @ of kernels popped in popped in freezerfreezer
11 123123 129129
22 115115 126126
33 120120 135135
44 125125 140140
55 130130 144144
Popcorn ProblemPopcorn Problem
How could we show our data in How could we show our data in picture form?picture form?
Dependant Variable?Dependant Variable?
Amount PoppedAmount Popped Independent Variable?Independent Variable?
Frozen PopcornFrozen Popcorn
123123 129129
115115 126126
120120 135135
125125 140140
130130 144144
Popcorn ProblemPopcorn Problem
Conclusion:Conclusion:
Frozen Popcorn pops more than Frozen Popcorn pops more than popcorn at room temperature!popcorn at room temperature!