Scientific Research 1st Research

8/14/2019 Scientific Research 1st Research

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By: Naveed Iqba


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By: Naveed Iqba


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By: Naveed Iqba

A careful, critical search for solutions to theproblems that puzzle the mankind.

OR

Scientific investigation of the known forthe purpose of discovering the unknown.

OR

Any relatively systematic, formal, conscious

procedure for evolving and testinghypotheses about reality, or in more modernterms for decisions.


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By: Naveed Iqba

PurposivenessRigorTestability

ReplicabilityPrecisionConfidence

ObjectivityGeneralizabilityParsimony


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By: Naveed Iqba

May it be investigation or scientificresearch both are undertaken with a

clear purpose and objective to lead into

problem identification or the range ofinquiry. The process leads into the

study of the implications deducted from

the issues and their relationship withinthe theoretical framework.


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By: Naveed Iqba

A good theoretical base and a soundmethodological design would add rigor to apurposive study.

Rigor donates carefulness and the degree ofexactitude in research investigations.


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By: Naveed Iqba

A research design is prepared to facilitate theunderstanding of the sequence of study and method

to be applied to formulate hypotheses, collect data

and analyze it with the help of statistical tests and

techniques. The methods used are to achieve theobjectives and purpose of the study. The objective

descriptions of the methods, problems and

hypotheses with the relationship of different variable

make the study, hence testable. The testability is the

characteristic and attribute of scientific investigation

making it replicable and it also contributes to

generalization


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By: Naveed Iqba

The method of testing of hypothesesand the study of the problem facilitates

Replicability of the research. This

reflects the validity and reliability of the

measures adopted by the researchers.

The repetition of the procedures to

study similar situations will increase

confidence in the methodology andunderstanding of the research process


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By: Naveed Iqba

Precision refers as to how close arethe findings based on a sample or

reality. In other words, precisionreflects the degree of exactitude orthe results based on the sample, tothe phenomena studied as they

exist in the universe.


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By: Naveed Iqba

Confidence refers to the probability that ourestimations are correct. It is not enough to bemerely precise or one can say that 95% of thetime we are going to find our results to be trueand there will be 5 % chances of being wrong.This is known as confidence level and somerefers to it as accuracy. The precision andconfidence are important aspects of research

and can be achieved by the proper samplingand analysis of data.


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By: Naveed Iqba

The conclusions drawn through dataanalysis and interpretation of the resultsshould be objective, based on the fact,

resulting from actual data and not on thesubjective evaluation. The more objectivethe interpretation of the data, the morescientific research it becomes. Theresearcher should take measures toeliminate his level of subjectivity anddepend on the objectivity.


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By: Naveed Iqba

The characteristic of research is more

applicable in case of pure or general

research because the result of this type

of research is not restricted upto oneorganization. Generalizability means

that the result of research conducted by

the one organization is acceptable by themajority of other organizations.


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By: Naveed Iqba

It is also named as economical. For

every research task cost and time is

required. The span of time should bemoderate, not too much and not too

less. And cost should also not too

huge or less but moderate.


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By: Naveed Iqba

A manager who is interested in investigatinghow employees commitment to theorganization can be increased. We examinehow the above stated hall marks of scienceapplied to his investigation.

Reference studies:

Research Methods by Umma SekaranResearch Methods by Dr. Matin Ali Khan

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Scientific Research 1st Research