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Scoping Work on Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Development Co-operation
The OECD Development Assistance Committee
Anna Drutschinin, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
13 October 2014, Pyeongchang, Korea
Outline of presentation
• Trends in biodiversity-related aid– How much bilateral aid is flowing to biodiversity and
how does it support other objectives?– What sectors and countries are top recipients?
• Development assistance support for capacity-building
• Development assistance to partner countries to mainstream biodiversity
• Development co-operation agency practices and strategies to mainstream biodiversity
How much bilateral aid is flowing to biodiversity?
Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014
•Bilateral biodiversity-related aid commitments by OECD DAC members reached USD 5.6 billion per year in 2010-12, representing 4% of total bilateral aid and 4% of total activities. Lower bound (aid targeting biodiversity as a principal objective) = USD 2.3bn
•Development co-operation providers are increasingly targeting environmental synergies and co-benefits with their aid. •In 2010-12, of total biodiversity-related bilateral aid, 82% also targets climate change (adaptation, mitigation or both) and/or desertification.
• Aid is concentrated: Over 80% of biodiversity-related aid in 2010-12 was in the sectors of general environment protection, agriculture, forestry, fishing, rural development, and water supply and sanitation
• Biodiversity-related aid represents a significant share of total aid to forestry (71%), fishing (39%), general environmental protection (37%), agriculture (16%) and water supply and sanitation (15%).
Which sectors are receiving biodiversity-related aid?
Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014
37%
20%
15%
3% 2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
General EnvironmentalProtection
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing andRural Development
Water Supply and Sanitation Multisector Energy
Shar
e of t
otal
ODA
com
mitm
ents
to
secto
r tar
getin
g biod
iversi
ty
USD
billio
n
Principal Significant Share of total ODA commitments
Forestry50%Agriculture
37%
Rural Development
7%
Fishing6%
Five main sectors receiving biodiversity-related aid
Average 2010-12, bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices
Which countries are receiving biodiversity-related aid?
Country USD million Share of total biodiversity-related ODA
Brazil 527 9%India 356 6%Vietnam 168 3%Turkey 157 3%Indonesia 155 3%Ethiopia 116 2%China 110 2%Peru 109 2%Guyana 97 2%Kenya 78 1%
Top ten countries receiving biodiversity-related aid
Average 2010-12, bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices
• In absolute terms, biodiversity-related aid concentrated in Brazil and India.• In relative terms, biodiversity the greatest focus of aid commitments to
Guyana (61% of bilateral aid had a biodiversity-related objective in 2010-12), Brazil (33%), Maldives (29%), Mauritius (20%) and Honduras (19%)
Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014
• Estimated bilateral support for biodiversity-related capacity building increased from approximately 25% of total bilateral biodiversity-related ODA in 2004-06 (USD 0.8 billion per year) to approximately 44% in 2010-12 (USD 2.5 billion per year).
– Roughly equal across all income groups and regions (Europe is slightly higher
(56%), Oceania is slightly lower (34%)).
– Predominantly targeting biodiversity as a significant objective (70%)
– Predominantly delivered through grants (88%)
– 85% supporting policy and administrative management (especially in environment and forestry, but also in agriculture, water, fishing, tourism, trade)
– 12% supports biodiversity-related research, education and training
Development assistance support for capacity building
Development assistance to partner countries to mainstream biodiversity
•Financial and technical support to employ the mainstreaming policies and tools available
– Belgium: communication, education, awareness through national Clearing House Mechanisms in Benin, Niger
– Germany: technical support and training on Strategic Environmental Assessment in in mining and biofuels in Namibia
– France: supporting Fair Trade Africa certification scheme to integrate biodiversity considerations into production systems in West African countries
Development co-operation agency practices and strategies to mainstream biodiversity
• Some agencies have introduced compulsory screening of their aid projects for impacts on biodiversity – e.g. Australia, Austria, EU, France, Germany, Japan,
Sweden, US– If potential impact on biodiversity detected: compulsory
Environmental Impact Assessment/Environment Management Plan
• More development co-operation agencies are developing biodiversity strategies/policies in which mainstreaming is a key pillar– e.g. EU, France, Germany, US
OECD DAC CRS Rio marker statistics, analysis & access to datahttp://oe.cd/RM
Biodiversity-related statistics and analysishttp://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/biodiversity.htm
Rio markers training workshop: www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development/training-
workshop.htm
OECD Environment and Development Homepagewww.oecd.org/dac/environment-development
Rio Markers: [email protected] and [email protected]
Biodiversity and Development: [email protected] and [email protected]
