Screenwall Pavillion

SCREENWALL PAVILLION/Emtech 2010Group 2 | Riyad Al- Joucka . Ali Ferzaneh . Sebastian Partowidjojo . Jens Pedersen

01/30

Contents

Page 01/30 Site Review_BarcelonaPage 02/30

Patterns & GeometryPage 03/30Filtering Pleasant Light Into SpacesPage 04/30Intial Study Models_Circles & ConesPage 05/30

Experimenting With Geometry & Light FiltrationPage 07/30

Geometry & Hexagonal MeshesPage 08/30Initial Models_Geometry & Hexagonal MeshesPage 09/30

Light-Shadow AnalysisPage 10/30

Parametric Cone Screenwall System

Page 12/30Entry Points To Site

Page 13/30Circulations Studies

Page 14/30Program Functions & Space Generation

Page 15/30Surface Section Studies

Page 16/30Screenwall: Light Modulation System

Page 17/30Page 18/30 Parametric Definition_ Light Modulation SystemPage 19/30 Screenwall: Cone Aperture SystemPage 20/30 Light/Shadow AnalysisPage 21/30 Screenwall Pavillion in ContextPage 22/30 ElevationsPage 23/30 Approaching The PavillionPage 24/30 Entrance to the Cafe’Page 25/30Page 26/30

Gathering Area

Page 27/30Page 28/30

Page 30/30Page 29/30 Pavillion At Night

Page 06/30Experimenting With Geometry & Light Filtration

Page 11/30

Islamic Patterns In Art & Architecture

Fabrication SystemFabrication System

Parametric Definition_ Light Modulation System

Fabrication System

Conclusion

EmTech10_ Group 2 | Riyad Al- Joucka . Ali Ferzaneh . Sebastian Partowidjojo . Jens Pedersen

SCREENWALL PAVILLION_Barcelona Reloaded

Introduction

Screenwall is a pavilion that explores the idea of modulat-ing differentiated light into a space. The process of pattern making, through an exploration in geometry, was of particu-lar interest during the initial steps of the design process. The pavilion consists of different enclosures that divide the spaces according to their program. The walls of these enclosures are parametrically designed to modulate light ac-cording to site-specific conditions. We became interested in the effect that the shadows of these light modulators of-fer to the general experience of the spaces. Our research in patterns and geometry was a prime generator in creat-ing a fabrication system that would allow for construct-ing the spaces according to the different programs of the pavilion. Our goal was to create shaded spaces into which pleasant light is drawn to achieve a dramatic experience.


SCREENWALL PAVILLION_Barcelona Reloaded 01/30

Site Review_Barcelona

View Looking South West

Pavillion site on Map Showing Sun Path View Looking North East

The brief asked to design a pavilion to be located at 41° 24N, 2° 10E, on a site south of the Auditorium Park in Barcelona, Spain. The pavilion is to have spatial organization of different programs adding to a footprint of 300 m2. The site is a beachfront that overlooks the Balearic Sea to the south and the Barcelona skyline towards the north. The pavilion is to have differentiation of openings according to external conditions of the site.


SCREENWALL PAVILLION_Barcelona Reloaded 02/30Group 2| Riyad Al- Joucka . Ali Ferzaneh . Sebastian Partowidjojo . Jens Pedersen

Islamic Patterns in Art & Architecture Following our study of the immediate site we pursued a study of the cultural attractions in Barcelona and Spain. One of the main architectural marvels we were interested in was El Hambra Palace in Andalusia,the most prominent of the remains of the Moorish conquest of Spain. Our research lead to the conclusion that the moors utilized geometry to create patterns for more than a mere decorative addition, these patterns were also utilized in ‘Mashrabiya’ a screen wall typical of Islamic architecture. The research process was directed towards studying Islamic patterns and their applications in screen-walls.

El Hambra Palace in Cordoba, Spain Jean Nouvelle_ Commercial Building in Qatar

Lattice work shown in a Mashrabiya Light Modulation of Mashrabiya, Shadow Patterns



Patterns and GeometryThe lattice craftsman began his design using circles in a hexagonal packing order as a guideline; the circle containing within it all other geometries guaranteed infinite possibilities of potential patterns. Connecting the radii and overlapping produced the complex patterns that are characteris-tic of Islamic art and architecture (Foster 2005). Geometry, being a generator of two-dimensional patterns became a driver of the design process.

Hexagonal Circle Packing Circles Packed Within a Circle Patterns Start to Evolve By Repitition

Connection of Tangents Repitition & Overlapping Typical Islamic Pattern



Filtering Pleasant Light into Spaces

Le Corbusier_La Tourette InteriorLe Corbusier_Roncahmp Interior

Le Corbusier_Roncahmp Exterior

Le Corbusier_La Tourette Light Wells

Inspired by the dramatic draw of pleasant modulated light of the Mashrabiya, the group became interested in looking into mod-ern architectural tools that provide a similar effect. The design process was greatly influenced by examples of these tools de-signed by masters such as Le Corbusier. We were inspired by Corbusier’s light wells in religious monuments such as Ronchamp and La To-urette. We pursued the idea of the modulated light coming into the space as a prime generator of the experience that space provided.



Initial Study Models_Circles & Cones

Experimenting with Cones

Regular Cones Packed Construct a Dome

The initial study models sought finding a component based system, that would be both structural and light modu-lating. The process was initiated with an interest in finding a pattern within hexagonal circle packing logic. We decided to extrude the circle towards its centre point producing a cone. The cone was used as a brick system to construct forms. The next step was to construct these forms from more uniform cones, which always resulted in a dome shape due to the similarity of angle of the cone sides. The result was too modular and restricting but guided our interest towards a brick system in which each component informs the global geometry.



Experimenting With Geometry and Light Filtration

Maximal Circle Packing, Central Attraction Points

Applying te Pattern to a Screen Wall System Testing the Screen for UV Modulation and Shadows

Connecting the Radii Produces A Pattern

Expanding on the idea of using circle packing a guideline to generate patterns, we pursued the idea of maximal circle packing. Maximal circle packing, through computation, allows for packing the most amount of circles in a given geometry by changing the size of the circles, therefore filling the gaps between the circles efficiently. An attractor point allows for making the circles grow in size from that point in a Voronoi spiral (Stephenson 2005). The experiment started with running a circle packing script along a surface, setting a line of attractor points from where smaller circles grow into larger ones. Potentially, having smaller circles meant more porosity within the wall system. We were interested in pursuing that idea to produce a light modu-lating system controlled by attractor points. The pattern was extruded to a 3-dimensional structure, tested for UV ray intensity, and quality of shadows.



Experimenting With Geometry and Light Filtration

Physical Model at 1:20 Scale

To fabricate the digital model that was generated, the individual geometries were unrolled, laser cut and rolled into building blocks. A card-board physical model was constructed for testing the fabrication process. The geometries of the blocks provided the curvature and depth of the overall form, which was particularly interesting. The model proved this system to be too tedious for fabrication, due to the complete uniqueness of the blocks. The rolling also meant that sheet material that is bendable was the only option, which was also of major concern.



Geometry & Hexagonal MeshesIn order to minimize the amount of geometries in a given area, the circles have to morph into a more angulated geometry, reducing the gaps between the packed geometries. Triangles and squares were investigated as alternatives. Using hexagons instead of circles allows for easier fabrication and production. The hexagon, a geometry known for space filling geometry efficiently, has been the geometry utilized by bees to build honeycombs. (Pearce 1978)

Circle Packing to Honey Comb Pattern

Hexagonal Meshes & Deformation Along Curves



Study Models_Geometry & Hexagonal Meshes

Model Studying A Connection Strategy Using Continious Strips

Connection Strategy By Connecting Corners Experimenting With Light Modulating Components

Following our research on hexagonal meshes, we tried to create a system of joining hexagons to create a hexagonal mesh structure. It was de-cided that it would be a good challenge to design the structure and the light modulating elements in plane sheet material, which proved to be problematic in many ways. At first we sought inspiration within a waffle system, which normally gives a rectangular grid, it was quickly realized that in order to utilize the logic of a waffle system, it was needed to bend the material, which limits our material choice. The structure was also undesirably flexible, the corners of the hexagons needed to be triangulated to stiffen the structure. The design process was guided for a abstracting the hexagon to its sides and connecting these sides at the corners. More experiments were also done to develop a light-modulating component within the structural system.



Light-Shadow AnalysisIn search of a component that would allow for differentiated light modulation, a series of models were fabricated and then digitalized so it would be possible to analyze their shadows under real site conditions. The component to be picked was to have the best light modulation qual-ity, and to create pleasant shadow pattern. Based on these deciding parameters, an analysis of the shadows generated by the components within a hexagonal grid on an arbitrary double curved wall section was done. This analysis was performed within Ecotect.Based on the knowledge gained from our catalogue of different shadows produced by different component type, the cone component with it was cho-sen because of its ability to channel sunlight through it. The cone allows for rays of sunlight to be filtered through the space, with elegant patterns of light and shadow moving along the ground throughout the day.

Cantilevering ComponentShifted Component

Inverse Shifted Component Cone Component



Entries to site:

1 - Beach2 - City3 - FOA Park

1

2

3

Entry Points To the Site

Site Plan

The research and design experimentation was always influenced by site conditions. As greater understanding of the design elements began to evolve, the feedback between the site conditions and these elements was developing as well. The system investigated posed questions of the site and how can it be applied to the native environmental condition. The site is in Barcelona, Spain. It is located at the south end of FOA’s park at the 2000 Forum. Three points were picked. These points have high potentials of becoming entry points for people from the city, the Forum’s Park, and the beach from the south.



FOA Park BeachCity

Circulation StudiesHaving an empty lot next to the ocean sparked the idea of field conditions, fields of people inhabiting an unused space. Three points were picked. These points have high potentials of becoming entry points for people from the city, the Forum’s Park, and the beach from the south. The idea of the pavillion being an attraction that would help the empty lot florish was kept in mind while investigating several circulation studies.



FOA Park

Beach

CityForum Cafe

Parti Diagram

Gathering

Opening for Views

Program Functions & Space GenerationPedestrian paths are generated from each of these entry points. This creates different field conditions on site. Different spatial conditions are organized by the superimposition of the three field conditions. Circulation studies where then applied to the spatial condition which then shifts and rotate the spaces accordingly. The Circulation study is based on programmatic functions such as; Gathering Area, Café, and Forum.



Surface Section Studies

Cafe

Forum

ForumForum

GatheringGathering

Gathering

Cafe

Catalog of Curvatures of Surfaces Produced According to Sun Path

As the different spaces of the program evolved, studies of different views and sun path were also applied. Catalogue of different curvilinear sectional conditions were made. Hexagonal meshes were then applied to these sections to test the result of the deformation of the mesh. Few were chosen based on the performative and structural value.



Thicker structure at bottom thinning as it moves up

Cones open up to the view

Cones closing up to filter light

At top cones have the smallest aperture

Screenwall:Light Modulation System

Screenwall Light Modulation System

The information gathered from site analysis was used as feedback to inform the initial design studies of the wall system. As a result of our investigation, a hexagonal system, based on a honeycomb mesh was developed. The mesh would deform according to different sectional curvatures. The structure of the wall system consists of extrusions of the sides of the hexagons. The structure would be deeper at the bottom simplifying to a more shallow, and light frame. Attached to the structure are cones that open and close according to different conditions surrounding that curve. The cones would open up to views, and close aperture when facing more sunlight.



Parametric Cone Screenwall System

Cone Legnth Differentiation

Cone Aperture Differentiation

Different hierarchies of the wall generate different shadows, as displayed in the Ecotect shadow analysis. This provides for the types of shad-ows that would offer a pleasant experience in the spaces of the pavilion. The depth of the cones was defined by the height of the individual cone. The reason for this was to minimize the weight of the cone within the wall at top, and therefore, the strain on every individual hexagon. The cone becomes a device that modulates light and controls the opening to views by changing the length and aperture of the cones in each row.

Screenwall Shadow Analysis




Surfaces of 3 Program Parts UV Rays Hitting the Surface

Light Intensity Along Surface Screewall Aperture Defined Accordingly

An approximate solar analysis of the surfaces of the pavillion was done in Grasshopper- a Rhino parametric plug-in, to determine the aperture of the cones accordingly. The analysis gives a gradient in between red (east-morning sun) and green (west-evening sun). The mix of red and green (brownish color) is southern sun. The different color values determine the aperture opening of cone component, 0=closed and 1=open. The parametric definition helped us locate the appropriate cone aperture according to immediate surrounding enviromental data.




Parametric Definition

The values of different external factors, coupled with the function of each type of cone to perform accordingly were added as inputs to the parametric definition of the pavilion walls. The definition was continuously edited according to different structural and design issues along the process.


SCREENWALL PAVILLION_Barcelona Reloaded 19/30147,5 mm307,3 mm431,2 mm636,0 mm

698,8 mm

1474,7 mm 250,5 mm

239,9 mm

147,1mm

121,3 mm

751,2 mm

1278,2 mm

648,9 mm

1097,6 mm

683,6 mm

761,3 mm

A

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AB CD

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B

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Screenwall: Cone Aperture Variations

Unique Component Types Along The Walls

The cones within the different hierarchies in the wall would have different apertures and different heights according to the amount of sunlight hitting the surface. These different variations of the cone would be generated parametrically in order to achieve a gradient of performative differentiation across the pavilion spaces. This allows for a range of shadows and view openings to be experienced from within the different pavilion spaces.

A

B

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Light/Shadow Analysis

UV Ray Analysis

Shadows August 21st

Shadows Through Year

Shadows December 21st

Different Ecotect shadow and UV ray intensity studies were done on the resultant pavilion surfaces. The studies were done throughout the year and under specific sunlight conditions in Barcelona and Spain. The spaces gave a desired result in terms of sheltering from direct sunlight and creating a shaded enclosure.



Screenwall Pavillion in Context

E_01

E_02

N



Elevations

E_01:North East Elevation 1:100

E_02:South West Elevation 1:100



Approaching The PavillionScreenwall pavilion rests on the beachfront but does not impose itself on it. It draws people into it by seducing their sense of wonder. The visitors coming from west would see the pavilion coming to light gracefully. The effect of the pavilion would hopefully draw a mass of people that would regenerate the site.

Looking From West



Entrance to Cafe’The entrance to the café’ is a welcoming gesture that extends itself along the pavilion and outwards inviting people inside. This area would have a bar where people could get their beverage. It is the least enclosed; because of the fast circulation nature we wanted to create. The en-trance curves and leads towards the gathering area where people could enjoy the drinks purchased at the café’.



Gathering AreaThe gathering area is the central meeting point of the pavilion, an intersection between the café’ and the forum. We envisioned it as a place that is a bit more open as opposed to the forum. The walls of the gathering area are a good example of how the structure changes from a larg-er box-like depth to a more slender frame at the top to achieve more structural stability. People visiting would get their beverages from the café, and sit in the gathering area to enjoy the view and the experience of the pavilion.



Fabrication System

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Hexagon Sides Connection

Cone Connection in Hexagons Cone Connection in Hexagons

The system of fabrication for the structure was an outcome of the initial study models that were constructed. The result is a hexagonal wooden structure, with the sides of each hexagon being separate and joined by triangles at the corners. The sides of the hexagons have slits that act at different angles informing the global curvature and attach to corresponding slits in the triangles. The triangles stiffen the overall struc-ture and provide anchoring tabs to which the light modulating cones are attached. Large tabs going into the hexagons in the direction of the triangles are used to attach the cones.



Fabrication System

Structure Fabraction Model 1:10 Connection Detail

The assembly system was tested on multiple scales in 1:10, 1:2 and 1:1.

Two main important issues were learned from the 1:10 model: the importance of tolerances, within the connection slits and the definition of a fabrication sequence, because of the large amount of parts needed for construction. The connection of the sides, by triangulating the angles, was tested for overall rigidity of the structure. The scaled down plywood used in the construction of the study model brought us closer to re-alizing the issues involved with building using that material in 1:1.



Fabrication SystemThe 1:2 model served as a test to the connection of the cone to the triangles. The knowledge gained from the 1:10 model was applied to the 1:1 model by allowing for a 10% tolerance within the connection slits. Grouping the parts together, based on a fabrication sequence allowed for a more organized construction of a single hexagon. This helped to decrease the assembly time, because the parts attached together easily in the correct order and it wasn’t necessary to search for the different parts. The 1:1 model was tested in MDF because of fabrication restrictions on the correct thickness of the plywood when using the school’s laser cutting facilities.

Structure Fabraction Model 1:1Cone/Structure Fabraction Model 1:2

Connection Detail



Pavillion Forum At NightSince Screenwall pavilion deals with sun mainly as an input parameter from surroundings, the question of what would it have to offer at night became important. The brief asked for a forum area within the pavilion to be used at night, it became important to envision the night situation of the pavilion. The pavilion could serve as an emitter of light creating an attraction point for the visitors. When the interior spaces are lit up with artificial lighting, the apertures within the pavilion would potentially become emitters of that light. Barcelona, being a city that doesn’t sleep, would have visitors coming to the pavilion to enjoy the sunrise or maybe to hold special nightlife events.



Conclusion

Our initial experiments with geometry lead us to an exploration on the possibility of utiliz-ing geometrical patterns as more than a mere decorative element. Patterns in structure, joints, as well as of light and shadow. Our aim was to achieve performative differentiation through con-trolling these patterns to achieve the desired performative effect. However, given more time, the use of structure and light modulating elements could have been refined in many ways.

The system of fabrication is fairly complicated, due to the uniqueness of each of the many parts that make an individual component. This dramatically increases the fabrication and assembly time of construction. Despite several attempts to reduce the number of these parts, it was unlike-ly due to many factors, including computation limits, geometrical errors and material qualities.

Given more time we would have to revisit that strategy to produce a simpler sys-tem. Many problems were also encountered when joining the different parts together espe-cially when the parts were built to a 1:1 scale prototype. More prototypes and studies in gen-eral could be done to develop a system of ordering the parts to cut down on fabrication hours.

The qualities of different woods to be used at a 1:1 construction, is also of concern. As of now, plywood is the wood of choice, which is used in amateur shipbuilding and could be laser cut to cut down on fabrication time. Dif-ferent woods have different friction values, weight and elasticity values, which could affect the overall structure.

The curvature of the walls could also be revisited, and tested. Some cantilevers might need extra rein-forcement possibly through the joints or by adding new elements. A scaled model of the entire pavilion could have been constructed if more time was available. We concentrated on solving the problems of the structural system at a larger scale because we believe that was more appropriate to our project. The models produced were prototypes that informed the design process rather than served as a representation of spaces.

We believe that we have achieved a design that generates a pleasant experience, and creates an attraction into the site. This could hopefully regenerate an empty site with a lot of potential. The different activi-ties that could be enjoyed under the shelter of the pavilion could be a factor that draws visitors in. The pleasant experience and innovative construction method we aim to create is what keeps the visitors coming.


SCREENWALL PAVILLION_Barcelona Reloaded

References

(FOSTER 2004)Foster, Sabiha. (November 2004). Architectural Design Magazine Islam+ Architecture, Wiley. Page 15-21

(PEARCE 1978)Pearce, Peter. c1978 (1990 printing). Structure in Nature is a Strategy for Design, MIT Press. Page 20-25

(STEPHENSON 2005)Stephenson, Kenneth (2005), Introduction to circle packing, the theory of discrete analytic functions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

IMAGES:

Iogogo: Al Hambra Palace:http://photos.igougo.com/images/p107204-Granada-Alhambra.jpgDesMena Doha High Rise Office Tower By Ateliers Jean Nouvel: http://desmena.com/?p=628ArchDaily: San Pablo/ Urbana: Islamic Mashrabiya: http://www.archdaily.com/17517/san-pablo-urbana/172419123_6-islamic-mashrabiya/Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture. Principles and Examples with Reference to Hot Arid Cli-mates:http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmodPattern Lesson 5 Math Part: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/math5.pattern/lesson5math.htmlGeometric Patterns & Boarders | Pattern in Islamic Art: http://www.patterninislamicart.com/publishedmaterial/?book_id=2&iid=3201Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut Ronchamp by Le Corbusier: http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/ronchamp/La Tourete Monastery Eveux By Le Corbusier: http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/ronchamp/Design Reform, Hexagonal Meshes: http://designreform.net/?s=pattern

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