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Secession and War 15-4

Secession and War

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Secession and War. 15-4. Objectives. Learn how the 1860 election led to the breakup of the Union. Learn why secession led to Civil War. 1860 Election. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Secession and War

Secession and War

15-4

Page 2: Secession and War

Objectives

• Learn how the 1860 election led to the breakup of the Union.

• Learn why secession led to Civil War.

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1860 Election

In 1860, the primary issue would be slavery. It had ripped apart the Democratic Party, and was on the brink of destroying the nation. Four candidates emerged.

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Stephen Douglas

The Northern Democrats chose the Illinois senator who backed popular sovereignty.

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John C. BreckinridgeThe Southern Democrats choice was a Kentuckian who supported slavery and the Dred Scott Decision.

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John BellThe Constitution Union Party, moderates from the north and south, nominated John Bell of Tennessee.

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Abraham LincolnAllowing slavery where it already existed, but oppossing its expansion, Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln.

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Election ResultsOn November 6, 1860, Lincoln wins 18 states, 180 of 303 electoral votes, despite his name not being on the ballot in 11 southern states.

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SecessionThe election results clearly showed how the south now knew they could be out voted by the north. Talk of secession began to increase. On December 20, South Carolina held a convention and voted to secede from the Union.

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More States SecedeNot long after South Carolina seceded, they were joined by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.

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Confederate States of AmericaOn February 4, 1861, delegates from the seceding states met in

Montgomery Alabama, form a new country.

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Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis, Senator from Mississippi is chosen as President. Alexander Stevens from Georgia selected as Vice President.

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Confederate ActionsBelieving that all government property belonged to the states that had seceded, the South began to sieze various instillations

such as forts, post offices, government buildings.

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Lame DuckWhile this was happening, Buchanan did nothing. He was waiting to let Lincoln handle these issues.

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Fort SumterOne of the last posts held by the North was Fort Sumter in

Charleston, South Carolina.

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Robert AndersonMajor Robert Anderson, from Kentucky, was sent to command the garrison.

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P. G. T. BeauregardCommanding the Southern forces was Pierre Gustav Toutant Beauregard, a former student of Anderson’s.

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WarAfter weeks of tension, the shooting war began on April 12, 1861 at 4:30 am.

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SurrenderAfter 33 hours of bombardment, Anderson surrenders.

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Lincoln’s ReactionOn April 15, Lincoln declares an “insurrection” and calls for 75,000 volunteers.

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Upper South SecedesOutraged at the thought of Northern troops marching across their states, the upper South states of North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee secede. Days later, Virginia secedes.

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WarOn April 29, the Confederate States declare war on the United States.