Section 2: Matter & Section 2: Matter & EnergyEnergy

What takes place when What takes place when cookies are baking?cookies are baking?

While cookies are baking, energy is transferred from the oven to the cookies

The baking of cookies is one example of the Kinetic Theory

The Kinetic TheoryThe Kinetic Theory

1. All matter is made of atoms & molecules that act like tiny particles

2. These tiny particles are always in _________. The higher the temperature, the ___________ the particles move.

3. At the same temperature, more massive (heavier) particles move ________ than less massive (lighter) particles.

The kinetic theory is a useful tool for visualizing the differences between the 3 common states of matter:

1) _______ 2)_______3)______

Gas (Fluid)Gas (Fluid)Particles are spread apart &

move _________.

Expands to fill available space

Exerts pressure Gases under pressure will escape their container if possible. ◦Gases may escape with a lot of force.

SolidsSolidsUnlike gas, solids do not need a

container to have ___________.

Very rigid structure

Particles have very little freedom to change position.◦ vibrate around a fixed locations

Particles are held tightly together by strong attractions.

Liquids (Fluids)Liquids (Fluids)Particles are close together but are

not as attracted as those in a solid.

Particles move randomly & can spread out on their own.

Liquids can be classified based on Viscosity. ◦The stronger the attraction the

________the movement.

Energy = the ability to move Energy = the ability to move or change matter.or change matter.Changing states of matter

requires energy transfer.

Types of matter changes: ◦Evaporation- liquid to ______◦Condensation – gas to _______◦Melting – solid to ________◦Sublimation – solid to_________

Bell RingerBell Ringer

What is density?

Changing state DOES NOT change the composition of matter◦Example: ice, water, & steam are all

made of H2O

All that changes is the attraction between molecules

Changing states does not Changing states does not change the amount of Masschange the amount of Mass

When an ice cube melts, the mass of the liquid = the mass of the cube.

**The Law of Conservation of Mass**◦Mass cannot be created or destroyed

The Law of Conservation of The Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Energy may be converted from one form to another during a physical or __________ change, the total amount of energy is always the _______.