Section 2 Vocabulary Heian Heian – A.D. 794 new capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu samurai samurai – warriors who fought to protect land and enforce

Section 2 VocabularySection 2 Vocabulary

HeianHeian – A.D. 794 new capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu

samuraisamurai – warriors who fought to protect land and enforce laws for nobles of Japan

Minamoto YoritomoMinamoto Yoritomo– defeated the Taira clan in1185

Kamakura Kamakura – town where shogun headquarters was located

Ashikaga TakaujiAshikaga Takauji – general who turned against the emperor and made himself shogun in 1333

daimyo daimyo – military lord who ruled small territories during the rule of Ashikaga shogunate – were loyal to the emperor

vassalsvassals – samurai who gave oath of loyalty to his daimyo in times of war in return for land

feudalismfeudalism – bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal

Defeated the Taira clan in 1185Minamoto Minamoto YoritomoYoritomosamurai who gave oath of loyalty

to his daimyo vassalsvassals

bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal feudalismfeudalism

capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu HeianHeian

Nara, JapanNara, Japan

during A.D. 700s Japan had strong central govt at during A.D. 700s Japan had strong central govt at Nara. Nara was center of govt & religion (Buddhism). Nara. Nara was center of govt & religion (Buddhism).

Nara so important A.D. 700s is called the Nara PeriodNara so important A.D. 700s is called the Nara Period

Emperor’s govt Emperor’s govt

after Prince Shotoku govt. officials organized in ranks after Prince Shotoku govt. officials organized in ranks (levels) – they did not use exam to hire officials like (levels) – they did not use exam to hire officials like China – jobs given to nobles from powerful families. China – jobs given to nobles from powerful families. The job was then passed on within their familyThe job was then passed on within their family

Emperor’s power came from his control of land and Emperor’s power came from his control of land and crops. They did a census and, based on census crops. They did a census and, based on census results, land holders had to pay taxes (rice or silk) to results, land holders had to pay taxes (rice or silk) to emperoremperor

All men counted in census had to serve in the armyAll men counted in census had to serve in the army

Section 2 NotesSection 2 Notes

Buddhism in Japan Buddhism in Japan

Buddhism came to Japan from Korea in A.D. 500s. By Buddhism came to Japan from Korea in A.D. 500s. By A.D. 700 it was a major religion and played a role in A.D. 700 it was a major religion and played a role in govt. and societygovt. and society

Buddhism became so popular that non-Buddhist Buddhism became so popular that non-Buddhist nobles began to fight for control of govt. from nobles began to fight for control of govt. from Buddhist noblesBuddhist nobles

Buddhism so powerful a Buddhist monk tried to take Buddhism so powerful a Buddhist monk tried to take control of govt from the emperor but was stopped by control of govt from the emperor but was stopped by emperor’s family & other nobles. Because of this emperor’s family & other nobles. Because of this attack, the emperor left Nara.attack, the emperor left Nara.


Center of government and religion in Japan A.D. 700

NaraNaraWho was given govt. jobs in Japan? Wealthy Wealthy

noblesnoblesHow did emperor gain power

Control of land Control of land and cropsand cropsWhat country brought Buddhism

to Japan? KoreaKorea

in 800s emperor power weakens due to:in 800s emperor power weakens due to:

1.1. Weak emperors (often kids who had Weak emperors (often kids who had regentsregents rule for them) Regents, most from Fujiwara rule for them) Regents, most from Fujiwara clan, ruled while emperors studied Buddhism clan, ruled while emperors studied Buddhism and wrote poetryand wrote poetry

2.2. Nobles gained control of most of land in Nobles gained control of most of land in provinces because govt gave nobles land to provinces because govt gave nobles land to pay them for their workpay them for their work

3.3. Nobles also allowed to keep new land they Nobles also allowed to keep new land they settled farmers onsettled farmers on

4.4. Nobles did not have to pay taxes but could Nobles did not have to pay taxes but could collect taxes from the peasants working the collect taxes from the peasants working the landland



Samurai “to serve”Samurai “to serve”

Private army of warriors who agreed to:

1.1. Protect the land of noblesProtect the land of nobles

2.2. Enforce laws for the noblesEnforce laws for the nobles

In return samurai received land

Samurai lived by a strict code of conduct called Bushido “way of the warrior”

In war they fought on horseback using swords,

daggers, bows and arrows.

They wore armor of leather or steel scales

laced together with silk cords.

Their helmets had horns or crests and they wore masks designed to be

terrifying

Samurai – “to serve”


Bushido – Samurai code of conductBushido – Samurai code of conductDEMANDED:

• Samurai be devoted to his master

• Be courageous

• Loyal

• Honorable

• Not care for wealth

Samurai would rather die in battle than betray his lordIt would be a disgrace to be captured

Samurai agreed to protect noble land and law and they got ____________ in returnlandland

Samurai code of conduct is called ______________BushidBushid

oo

Shogun – Shogun – commander of all emperors military commander of all emperors military forcesforces

By 1100s powerful Japanese families fighting each By 1100s powerful Japanese families fighting each other over land, and control of emperor and his other over land, and control of emperor and his govt. They fought using their samurai armies.govt. They fought using their samurai armies.

Gempei WarGempei War

Began in 1180 – was a civil war between 2 most Began in 1180 – was a civil war between 2 most powerful clans – powerful clans – Taira family and Minamoto Taira family and Minamoto familyfamily. In 1185 Minamoto family won.. In 1185 Minamoto family won.

The leader of Minamoto family was Minamoto The leader of Minamoto family was Minamoto Yoritomo.The emperor rewarded him in order to Yoritomo.The emperor rewarded him in order to keep him loyal. He gave him the title keep him loyal. He gave him the title ShogunShogun so he wouldn’t try to take the place of Yamato so he wouldn’t try to take the place of Yamato family as rulers. family as rulers.


Giving Minamoto title of Shogun created two govt in Giving Minamoto title of Shogun created two govt in Japan.Japan.

Emperor stayed in Haian and was the official Emperor stayed in Haian and was the official head but he now had no power.head but he now had no power.

Shogun set up his own shogunate govt in Shogun set up his own shogunate govt in Kamakura. For the next 700 years Japan run by Kamakura. For the next 700 years Japan run by shogunsshoguns

The shogun appointed samurai to serve as advisors The shogun appointed samurai to serve as advisors and run the provinces. and run the provinces.

Samurai lords: ruled the villages, kept the peace and Samurai lords: ruled the villages, kept the peace and collected taxescollected taxes


Commander of all emperors military forces shogunshogun

____________ was the civil war between the Taira & Minamoto family

Gempei WarGempei War

The_______________ family won the Gempei War.

MinamotoMinamoto

Mongols Attack – Mongols Attack –

In 1274 and 1281 Kublai Khan, from China, sent ships and warriors to invade Japan. Both times China was defeated because of typhoons.

The Japanese named the typhoons kamikaze “divine wind” to honor the spirits that saved their islands.

The Kamikaze pilots who deliberately crashed into planes during WWII were named after these typhoons.


Kamakura shogunate falls – Kamakura shogunate falls –

By 1333 many samurai were resentful & poor. They divided their land among their sons the land they owned became smaller & smaller.

Without enough land samurai became poor. They began to loose loyalty to the shogun because he did not give them enough land.

In 1331 emperor rebelled against shogun and many samurai came to help the emperor. The rebellion did not succeed because the emperor would not give samurai more land. After the rebellion Ashikaga Takauji became the new shogun and his new govt was called Ashikaga shogunate


Ashikaga shogunate – Ashikaga shogunate –

Began in 1333. The Ashikaga were weak rulers and revolts broke out across Japan. Japan divided into territories that were headed by military lords called diamyo

Diamyo –

Pledged loyalty to emperor and Kamakura shogunate but ruled their lands as independent kingdoms. They even had their own armies made up of samurai warriors

Samurai who gave oath of loyalty to a diamyo became vassals in return samurai received land – more land then they got from the shogun.

The bond between lord and vassal = feudalism


Breakdown of the central govt – Breakdown of the central govt –

The central govt was in ruins as Japan’s warriors fought each other. 1467-1477 Onin War

For 100 years after Onin War many shoguns tried to unite Japan but daimyo stopped them.

In 1567 Ashikaga shogunate was defeated.


ShogunBothBoth

Under the

DaimyoUnder the

Draw this Venn Diagram in your notes and then use your book and/or notes to write two details for each section

YOU HAVE 15 MINUTES – Use your time wisely

ShogunBothBoth

Under the

DaimyoUnder the

•United Japan

•One shogun ruled entire central govt

•Japan divided into territories

•Each territory ruled by a diamyo

•Leaders pledged loyalty to emperor

•Samurai exchanged loyalty for land

Documents

Section 2 Vocabulary Heian Heian – A.D. 794 new capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu samurai samurai – warriors who fought to protect land and enforce