Section 3-Reforming Society

Chapter 8-The Spirit of Reform-1828-1845

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Chapter ObjectivesSection 3: Reforming Society• I can analyze the connection between religious and

social reform.

• I can list major areas of society that reformers set out to improve

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The Reform Spirit

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• In the mid-1800s, many Americans worked to reform various aspects of society.

• Dorothea Dix worked for improved treatment of the mentally ill.

• Lyman Beecher was instrumental in establishing associations known as benevolent societies.

• Although first started to spread God’s teaching, these societies also sought to combat social problems.

(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

• Many reformers argued that the excessive use of alcohol was one of the major causes of crime and poverty.

• These reformers advocated temperance, or moderation in the consumption of alcohol.

• Several temperance groups joined together in 1833 to form the American Temperance Union.

• Temperance groups also pushed for laws to prohibit the sale of liquor.

The Reform Spirit (cont.)

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(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

• Some reformers focused on improving prison conditions in the nation.

• Many states began building new prisons, which they called penitentiaries, that tried to rehabilitate prisoners.

• Horace Mann focused on education reform.

• Mann pushed for more public education and backed the creation of a state board of education in Massachusetts.

The Reform Spirit (cont.)

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(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

• In 1852 Massachusetts passed the first mandatory school attendance law.

• At the same time, many reformers pushed for the establishment of tax-supported public elementary schools.

• Education reformers generally had men, not women, in mind.

• During the 1850s, however, some women worked to create more educational opportunities for women.

The Reform Spirit (cont.)

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(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

• Emma Willard founded a girls’ boarding school that taught academic subjects, which were rarely taught to women then.

• Mary Lyon founded the first institution of higher education for women only.

The Reform Spirit (cont.)

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(pages 278–281)(pages 278–281)

The Early Women’s Movement

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• In the 1800s, people began dividing their life between the home and the workplace. Men generally went to work, while women took care of the house and children.

• Most people at that time believed that home was the proper place for women.

• Many women saw themselves as partners with their husbands, and as such believed that they should be treated equally.

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• Many women began to believe that they had an important role to improve society.

• Some began to argue that they needed greater rights to promote their roles.

• Other women also argued that equal rights for men and women would end many social injustices.

The Early Women’s Movement (cont.)

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(pages 281–282)(pages 281–282)

• In 1848 Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Seneca Falls Convention, a meeting to focus on equal rights for women and one that marked the beginning of the women’s movement.

• Throughout the 1850s, women organized more conventions to promote greater rights for women.

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The Early Women’s Movement (cont.)

(pages 281–282)(pages 281–282)