SECTION 4- RUSSIAN CZARS INCREASE POWER

• BIG IDEA- Peter the Great made many changes in Russia to try to make it more like western Europe

The First Czar- Ivan IV• Ivan IV of Russia came to the throne

at 16 years old

• He seized control from the Boyars who are Russian land owning nobles.

• Ivan also married Anastasia Romanov, from the powerful Romanov Boyar family.

• He took the title Czar since the Russian king married the last Byzantine (aka Roman) princess.

Ivan IV into Ivan THE TERRIBLE

• During his first 13 years, Ivan was winning wars/ land, gave Russia a great law code, and ruled justly

• However, after 1560 when Anastasia died, Ivan blamed the Boyars.

• He organized a secret police to hunt down Boyars

Ivan the Terrible Hunts “Traitors”

• Using his secret police, Ivan hunted down any Boyar who was rumored to be a “traitor”.

• He would then also hunt down that Boyar’s family even their serfs and their families.

Ivan the Terrible Kills His Own Son?

• Ivan even famously killed his own son

• Therefore, Ivan’s second son, who was very sickly, took over and died just three years after Ivan.

Michael Romanov• When Ivan’s son past away,

Michael Romanov was chosen by representatives of Russian cities.

• Romanov was Anastasia’s grandnephew

• Romanov establishes a dynasty that goes from 1613-1917

The Romanov’s Restore Order

• The Romanovs strengthened Russia by passing a great law code and putting down revolts

• Since they held total power, and Ivan the Terrible executed powerful boyars, they could become absolute monarchs as well.

• Their first was Peter The Great

Before Peter the Great…

• Russia was backwards with so many boyars and serfs

• When a boyar sold land, he sold serfs on it too

• Boyars could pay debts with Serfs

Other Problems Before Peter…

• The Mongols isolated Russia from Europe• Russia had no warm water port city, they froze over during the winter months (Oct-April)

• Religiously, the Russians were Orthodox and not Catholic or Protestant, thus looked at as heretics.

Peter Visits the West • As Peter the Great grew up, he was fascinated by Western European ways

• As he came to the throne at 24, he embarked on the “Grand Embassy” and traveled throughout Western Europe

• He met every major European leader in every European Country

Peter Visits the West • Peter realized that he needed to Westernize, or modernize, Russia

• This is how he became an Absolute Ruler

• He would Westernize Russia through:• The Orthodox Church• Limiting The Boyars• Russia’s Military

Peter Westernizes the RussianOrthodox Church

• Peter brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control.

• He abolished the Patriarch, or leader, and set up a Holy Synod, or council

• This Synod was set up and appointed by him.

Peter Westernizes the Boyars

• Peter controlled the Boyars through western traditions of granting titles and land to people

• Since these new Russian “Lords” were given everything by Peter, they were incredibly loyal

Peter Westernizes the Russia Military

• Peter modernizes his military by hiring European officers.

• These officers drilled the Russians in European military tactics with European weapons

• By his death Peter had an army of 20,000 well trained/ elite soldiers.

Peter Westernizes Russia

• As Peter Westernized he also:• Introduced potatoes, becoming a Russian standard for food and drink

• Started the first Russian newspaper, which he conveniently edited himself.

• Raised women’s social status by having them at social events

• Ordered nobles to give up their traditional clothes and fashions, for Western ones…

For example… Before/ After Peter

Official painting of Russian Czar Right Before Peter the Great

Official Painting of Peter the Great during his reign

Moving the Capital• The most symbolic move the Peter made to Westernize Russia was moving the capital from Moscow, Michael Romanov’s city

• The city Peter moved it to was won after 21 long years of fighting the Swedish.

• Although it was built on a swamp, killing up to 100,000 Russians in its construction, St. Petersburg, Russia was built.

St Petersburg as the Capital

• Peter builds his great palace, The Hermitage, and forces all Russian nobles to move there

• This was the culmination of Peter’s Westernization as Russia now also had its all year port city and capital