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Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

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Page 1: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

SeniorBiology

Watersaver education program

Working for our future – todayWorking for our future – today

Page 2: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Make your water mark!

Senior Biology

Water and the environment

Introduction

General objectives

Unit plans

Useful resources

References

Appendices

■ Native animals in or near creeks on the Gold Caost

■ Native animals of Gold Coast rainforests

■ Native animals of Gold Coast eucalypt forests and woodland areas

■ Fact sheet - Eagleby wetlands project stage three

■ Fact sheet - Animal life

■ Fact sheet - South East Queensland catchment

■ Fact sheet - Catchment and water quality

■ Declared plants of Queensland

Contents

Page 3: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Make your water mark!

Information for teachers

Senior Biology

There are a wide range of different ecosystems within Australia. These include sandy beaches, rocky shores, wetlands, mangroves, freshwater rivers and estuaries. All ecosystems have different abiotic factors which allow a diverse range of plant and animal life to live there.

Gold Coast

The Gold Coast City Council has produced detailed ecological signifi cance and vegetation maps (www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard2.aspx?pid=5949). These clearly show the vegetation on the Gold Coast including species like the Scribbly bark (Eremophila racemosa), Broadleaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and Red Mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa). The Gold Coast contains a diversity of different species – 1672 native plant, 357 species of bird, more than 105 species of reptiles and amphibians and more than 90 species of mammal. A full list of the fl ora and fauna of the Gold Coast can be found on the Gold Coast City Council Nature Conservation Database (www.goldcoastfl orafauna.com.au).

■ Worksheet: Ecosystems

Students can make decisions about water quality by observing and analysing data from the fi eld.

■ Worksheet: Investigating the environmental impact of a development on a local water source. Link with the key concepts within The State of Queensland - Senior Biology Syllabus that contain UB (Understanding Biology), IB (Investigating Biology) and EBI (Evaluating Biological Issues) questions. They can then be developed into an extended research assessment item if desired.

The two work sheets

Introduction

Page 4: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Make your water mark!

Information for teachers

Senior Biology

Senior biology syllabus links

IBUB

EBI AV

Understanding biology

1 recall ideas, concepts and theories of biology

2 describe biological ideas, concepts and theories applied to a range of situations

3 apply and link ideas, concepts and theories to explain phenomena in a range of situations.

Investigating biology

2 design, manage and carry out experimental and non-experimental investigations

3 develop skills and processes required to collect, organise, interpret,model and present primary and secondary data

4 analyse data gathered from investigations.

Evaluating biological issues

2 explain the explicit and implicit meanings of information selected from various sources

3 evaluate and assess the reliability, authenticity, relevance, accuracy and bias of the sources and methods of the collection of information

4 justify decisions and develop future scenarios based on the interpretation and analysis of current information.

Attitudes and values

1 demonstrate collegiality and cooperation

3 retain a commitment to scientifi c reasoning, openness to new ideas, intellectual honesty and respect for evidence

4 appreciate the contribution of biology to local, national and international issues

5 acknowledge responsibility when making decisions about the use of biological information

6 develop respect and appreciation for the natural world and minimise human impact on the environment.

General objectives

Page 5: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Key concepts and ideas

Key concepts

2 Multicellular organisms are functioning sets of interrelated systems.

3 Organisms live an interdependent existence in environments to which they are adapted.

4 A variety of mechanisms results in continual change at all levels of the natural world.

5 There are processes which maintain dynamic equilibrium at all organisational levels.

Key ideas

4 Energy required by all living things is obtained in different ways.

6 The set of systems comprising an organism enables it to function in its environment.

7 All systems are interrelated and interdependent.

9 Different types of multi-cellular organisms have different roles in an environment.

11 The external features and internal functioning of organisms together allows an organism to meet its needs.

12 Abiotic and biotic factors in an environment infl uence the size of populations and the make up of communities.

13 Energy and matter move through ecosystems.

14 Human actions have signifi cant impacts on interactions within an environment.

15 Different organisms perform different interdependent roles in an ecosystem.

16 An organism has adaptations specifi c to its environment.

20 The activity of organisms changes the environment.

21 Evidence shows that organisms and ecosystems change through time.

26 Humans group organisms in various ways to make sense of diversity and to aid communication.

General objectives

Page 6: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Make your water mark!

Information for teachers

Senior Biology

Classifi cation systems

Introduction to ecosystems

Learning experiences and geographical skills

● Teacher explanation and questioning about the introduction to fi ve kingdom classifi cation: animal, plant, fungi, monera, protoctista and the basic division of each kingdom including phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Reference to binomial nomenclature.

Learning experiences and geographical skills

● Individual library research to develop skills for collecting, organising and interpreting data to recall ideas linked to ecosystems of Australia: location, biotic and abiotic factors.

● Teacher explanation and individual activities to recall the concepts of the cycling of nutrients (nitrogen and carbon) within ecosystems.

The following resources and fact sheets are useful:

● Australian Natural Resources map maker - www.anra.gov.au/mapmaker/mapservlet?app=anra

Unit plans

2

26

3

9 1513 20

Key concepts and ideas

Key concepts and ideas

4

12 16

Page 7: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Ecosystems of the Gold Coast

Learning experiences and geographical skills

● Group fi eld work around the school grounds or local area to develop skills and processes needed to use different sampling techniques. They are required for collecting, organising and interpreting abiotic and biotic data and information from different ecosystems in your district.

● Learning to identify, classify and list the status of the species (rare, extinct in the wild, endangered, vulnerable, near-threatened and least concern) within the ecosystems studied.

● Individual problem solving to develop skills for interpreting information to construct food webs and describe biological ideas about animal and plant adaptations.

● Teacher explanation, questioning and individual problem solving to describe populations and apply these theories to other factors that affect the populations of a species; predator and prey relationship, competition between species, mutualism and commensalism (defi nition of commensalism: is a type of symbiosis, specifi cally, a biological relationship in which one species benefi ts from an interaction, while the host species is neither positively or negatively affected to any tangible degree).

The following resources are useful for this section:

● Work sheet: Ecosystems of the Gold Coast.

● Native animals in or near creeks and rivers on the Gold Coast.

● Native animals of rainforests on the Gold Coast.

● Native animals of the Gold Coast's eucalypt forests and woodland areas.

● Guidelines for fresh water quality (http://www.mincos.gov.au/publications/australian_and_new_zealand_guidelines_for_fresh_and_marine_water_quality).

Key concepts and ideas

3

7 1412

5

16

26

9

4

15

20

Unit plans

Page 8: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Human intervention on ecosystems

Field trip to a local water source

Learning experiences and geographical skills

● Teacher explanation, questioning and group problem solving to discuss and recognise the effects of human intervention on habitats, ecosystems and species populations. Relate to ecosystem investigated.

● Human intervention could include deforestation, production of human waste, introduced species, land clearing, over use of resourses and DDT.

Learning experiences and geographical skills

● Group fi eld trip to a local water source to investigate possible effects on the environment of a development project and the introduction of recycled water on the local water source.

● Learning to develop skills for collecting quantitative and qualitative data on the soil quality, water quality, fl ora and fauna of the local water source through chemical and biological methods.

● Learning to organise and interpret information gathered.

● Individual problem solving to hypothesise and justify the effects of a disruption to the biological system.

The following resources are useful:

● goldcoastcity.com.au.

● information about threatened species in your area.

The following resources are useful:

● Work sheet: Investigating the environmental impact of a development on a local water source.

● Work sheet: Aquatic invertebrate data sheet.

● Guide to identifi ying macro-invertebrates http://www.qld.waterwatch.org.au/resources/pdf/bug_id_partb_web.pdf

● Identifi cation books for native Australian plants, birds and animals.

● Copies of the fl ora and fauna of your district.

● Determining water quality http://www4.bluevalleyk12.org/BVNW/jmohn/fi eldbiology/macroinvertebrates/

● Equipment to use to test the water quality, fl uoride, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature .

● Equipment to use to test the soil quality and pH.

● Apparatus can be borrowed from Griffi th University Gold Coast campus. Contact scienceonthego@griffi th.edu.au for more information or small test kits (to test for phosphates, nitrates and nitrites) can be purchased from hardware stores.

● Dip nets, trays and macroinvertebrate identifi cation books.

Key concepts and ideas

Key concepts and ideas

3

3

7

6

14

11

12

9

5

5

16

14

26

16 26

9

7

4

4

15

12

20

15 20

Unit plans

Page 9: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Useful resources

Web address Learning experiences available

Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality (2000)

http://www.mincos.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_fi le/0020/316127/wqg-ch4.pdf

This website provides information on the critical levels of heavy metals in irrigation water for a question in the work sheet.

Australian Natural Resources Map Maker

www.anra.gov.au/mapmaker/mapservlet?app=anra

Determining water quality

http://www4.bluevalleyk12.org/BVNW/jmohn/fi eldbiology/macroinvertebrates/

This website has information on using aquatic invertebrates to determine water quality including sampling techniques and identifi cation cards.

Gold Coast City Council

www.goldcoastcity.com.au

Griffi th University Science on the GO!

E-mail: scienceonthego@griffi th.edu.au

Apparatus can be borrowed from Griffi th University Gold Coast campus.

Healthy Waterways Fact sheets about:

● animal life.

Queensland Government

www.derm.qld.gov.au

Fact sheets about:

● blue-green algae: general information

● catchments and water quality

● irrigation water quality: salinity and soil structure stability.

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

www.daff.qld.gov.au

Fact sheets about:

● declared animals of Queensland

● declared plants of Queensland.

Waterwatch Australia

www.waterwatch.org.au

This website has information on monitoring water quality and record sheets for fi eld work.

Unit plans

Page 10: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Make your water mark!

Information for teachers

Senior Biology

3 4

Worksheet

Introduction

An ecosystem can be described as ‘a group of biotic and abiotic factors which live together and have mutual relationships’ (biology-online.org/dictionary/Ecosystem). The climate on the Gold Coast is sub tropical, with average rainfall ranging from 1500 millimetres in coastal areas to 3000 millimetres in the hinterland. The Gold Coast contains a wide range of natural ecosystems - marine, estuarine and fresh water ecosystems, coastal heaths, open forests, closed forest and rainforest. As well as these natural ecosystems, human land uses such as grazing, agriculture, forestry and urban development, increase the range of ecosystems. The Gold Coast contains a diverse range of different species - 1550 species of native plant, 323 species of bird, more than 105 species of reptiles and amphibians and more than 72 species of mammal. (Source: Our Living City Report).

Task

● To investigate the different abiotic and biotic factors of a chosen ecosystem.

● To develop skills to collect, organise, identify, interpret and analyse primary and secondary data from the chosen ecosystem.

● To classify the variety of plant and animal life identifi ed in the ecosystem and use this information to produce food webs.

● To make justifi ed predictions on the introduction of different factors into an ecosystem.

● To collect information on the ecosystem studied including written observations, sketches, photographs and quantitative data.

General objectives

5

UB

IB

EBI

AV

1

2

2

2

2

3 4

4

3 4 5 6

4 97 12

26

13

15 20

6 11

2114 16

Key concepts and ideas

Ecosystems of the Gold Coast

Page 11: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

1. Introductory questions

Defi nition of an abiotic factor: __________________________________________________________________________________

Defi nition of a biotic factor: ____________________________________________________________________________________

Produce a written statement that briefl y describes the ecosystem you are investigating:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Sketch of sample area

Draw a neat, labelled sketch of the area to be studied. Your sketch should include:

● date and time of sketch

● direction of north

● buildings and other structures

● areas of water

● areas of vegetation.

UB

Ib

Worksheet

Page 12: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

3. Abiotic factors

Use the test kits and equipment to gather data on the abiotic factors of the ecosystem (s) and record in the table below (* the air temperature and rainfall could be recorded over a number of days).

Abiotic factors of the ecosystem Data for chosen area

Air temperature (oC)

Description of substrate

(rock type, soil or sand)

pH of soil

Penetration of sunlight (%)

Average rainfall (millimetres)

Average temperature of area(s) of water (oC)

pH of areas of water

Biotic factors – Plants

Name of plantScientifi c name

of plantLabelled sketch

of leafLabelled sketch

of fl ower or fruitStatus of plant

Ib

Ib

Worksheet

Page 13: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Animals

Name of animalScientifi c name

of animalLabelled sketch

of animal

Written description of animal

Status of animal

1. Produce a food web to show the interrelationships between the species in your chosen area (UB).

2. A student collected a sample of irrigated water used within your ecosystem and decided to quantitatively test the sample using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for different metals. Her results are shown below:

Metal tested Level of metal in irrigation water (megalitres)

Cadmium 0.2

Lead 1.5

Copper 0.4

Mercury 0.0005

Zinc 6

Worksheet

Page 14: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

a. Explain the meaning of the data produced by comparing it to the critical levels of heavy metals which can be tolerated within an ecosystem (IB).

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Analyse the data and then produce justifi ed predictions on the possible effects of the use of the irrigated water on the surrounding plant and animal life (EBI).

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. In the future, to continue making use of this irrigated water, the quality of the water will have to be improved. Identify possible methods that can ‘clean’ the water of the heavy metals with the least damage to the surrounding environment. Justify your choices using secondary research. (EBI).

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(use more paper for questions if required)

Worksheet

Page 15: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Make your water mark!

Information for teachers

Senior Biology

3 4

Worksheet

Introduction

All major development projects must complete an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). An EIA studies all the environmental, cultural, social and economic impacts (positive and negative) associated with the project. This includes the impacts on the soil, drainage, water quality, air quality, noise, fl ora and fauna. The EIA also suggests recommendations to minimise the impacts on the surrounding environment. This includes moving fauna, stripping then reinstating topsoil and rehabilitating vegetation.

In response to a drought situation and the growing population in South East Queensland, the Queensland Water Commission has developed a regional water grid that produces alternate water supplies and links water sources. One project is the use of recycled water in dual reticulation schemes, such as the Pimpama Coomera Master Plan on the Gold Coast. The wastewater is cleaned using processes including screening, settlement, nutrient removal and disinfection. The risk from treated, disinfected effl uent has generally found a low risk to human health from re-use. According to the Queensland Water Recycling Guidelines, ‘highly treated recycled water

may be used to create artifi cial wetlands or to restore natural wetlands degraded by drought or over-extraction of water’ (Queensland Water Recycling Guidelines, 2005, page 61).

Scenario

You work for the Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM) and have been given the task of producing part of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on your chosen local water source as a result of a recent announcement from the Queensland Government. The Queensland Government has put forward a proposal for a new development as part of the South Eastern Water Grid to be developed near your local water source.

The key elements of the project include:

● the building of a new wastewater treatment plant

● the building of pipelines to bring wastewater to the plant and Class A+ water from the plant

● the use of the Class A+ recycled water to replenish your local water source.

General objectives

Key concepts and ideas

1

2

2

1

2 3

3

3

4

4

5

2 3 4 5

UB

Ib

Ebi

Av

7 149

Investigating the environmental impact of a development on a local water source

Page 16: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Biological monitoring of aquatic invertebrates

An understanding of aquatic invertebrates is a necessary component in the conservation and management of water sources. Aquatic invertebrates are useful for biological monitoring due to their position in a wetland food chain (some are detrivores and others are primary or secondary consumers), their abundance, their sensitivities and tolerances to a range of pollutants. Use the dip nets and the white trays to carefully collect samples of macroinvertebrates from the different water systems. Carefully return all macroinvertebrates to the water system.

Task

You have to produce a report for part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) that looks at the impacts the development could have on the abiotic and biotic factors of your local water source.

Your report should include:

● a sketch of your chosen local water source (wetland, dam, pond, river)

● quantitative and qualitative data on the different abiotic and biotic factors from your local water source

● interpretation and analysis of the data to make judgements on how healthy your local water source is

● information and secondary research to make justifi ed predictions and informed decisions on the impacts of the development on the local water source

● justifi ed recommendations and conclusions to reduce the impact on your local water source of the proposed development.

● Record fi ndings in acquatic invertebrate datasheet.

● The health of a local water source can be calculated by using the numbers totalled in the table.

● The overall sensitivity score can be calculated by doing B/A and then comparing the score with the table below.

Rating categories

Sensitivity score

> 4.5 3.5 – 4.5 < 3.5

Total specimens identifi ed

> 9 Good Moderate Moderate

3 - 9 Moderate Moderate Poor

< 3 Moderate Poor Poor

Worksheet

Page 17: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Worksheet

Aquatic invertebrate data sheet

Common name Scientifi c name

Pollution sensitivityscore

Tick if identifi edin water source

Pollutionsensitivity

Numbers seen (approx)

Mayfl y nymph Ephemerotera 10

Caddis fl y larva Trichoptera 10

Stonefl y nymph Plecoptera 9

Riffl e beetle adult Coleoptera 8

Riffl e beetle larva Coleoptera 8

Crane fl y larva Diptera 6

Water mite Acariformes 6

Water fl ea Cladocera 5

Whirligig beetle adult Coleoptera 5

Whirligig beetle larva Coleoptera 5

Black fl y larva Diptera 5

Water measurer Hemiptera 4

Damselfl y larva Odonata 4

Dragonfl y larva Odonata 4

Freshwater yabby Decapoda 4

Scud Amphipoda 4

Freshwater shrimps Decapoda 4

Biting midge larva Diptera 4

Copepods Copepod 4

Water strider Hemiptera 4

Seed shrimp Ostracoda 4

Soldier fl y larva Diptera 4

Water Scorpion Hemiptera 3

Freshwater slater Isopoda 3

Freshwater mussel Bivalvia 3

Scavenger water beetle adult Coleoptera 3

Scavenger water beetle larva Coleoptera 3

Mosquito larva Diptera 3

Flatworm Turbellaria 3

Non-biting midge larva Diptera 3

Freshwater crab Decapoda 2

Freshwater snail Gastropoda 2

Hydra Hydrozoa 2

Back swimmer Coleoptera 2

Leech Hirudinia 2

Predacious diving beetle adult Coleoptera 2

Predacious diving beetle larva Coleoptera 2

Roundworm Nematoda 2

Water boatman Hemiptera 1

Segmented worm Oligochaeta 1

TotalsAadd up √

Badd scores

C

Sen

siti

veTolerant

Ver

y to

lera

nt

Page 18: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Worksheet

References

1. Australian Government (2007), Australian Natural Resources Atlas: Map Maker. Retrieved January 2008 from www.anra.gov.au/mapmaker/mapservlet?app=anra

2. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (2000). The Guidelines- Volume One. Chapter Four. Retrieved January 2008 from www.mincos.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_fi le/0020/316127/wqg-ch4.pdf

3. Biology Online (2007). Retrieved January 2008 from www. biology-online.org/dictionary/Ecosystem

4. Gold Coast City Council (2008), Gold Coast Waterfuture, Pimpama Coomera Waterfuture. Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_gcw.asp?PID=5885

5. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Beaches to Bushland Program. Retrieved February 2008 from www.goldcoastwater.qld.gov.au/t_standard2.aspx?pid=7015

6. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Native animals living in or near creeks and rivers of the Gold Coast. Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/attachment/environment/native_animals_riparian_areas.pdf

7. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Native animals of Gold Coast rainforest areas. Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoastwater.qld.gov.au/attachment/environment/native_animals_rainforest.pdf

8. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Native animals of Gold Coast’s eucalypt and woodland areas. Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/attachment/environment/animals_eucalypt_woodlands.pdf

9. Gold Coast City Council (2004), Nature Conservation Database. Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoastfl orafauna.com.au/

10. Gold Coast City Council (2005), Our Living City Report. Chapter Two: A description of the Gold Coast Area. Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoastwater.qld.gov.au/attachment/publications/our_living_city0405_chp2.pdf

11. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Threatened Species.Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard.aspx?pid=7095

12. Gold Coast City Council (2007),Vegetation and ecological signifi cance maps. Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard2.aspx?pid=5949

13. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Vegetation types. Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard.aspx?pid=7031

14. Gold Coast City Council (2006), Waterway Ecosystem Health Report Card 2006.Retrieved January 2008 from www.goldcoastwater.com.au/t_news_item.aspx?pid=6327

15. Gold Coast and Hinterland Environment Council (2008), Welcome to Gecko.Retrieved March 2008 from www.gecko.org.au/index.php?index

16. Gulliver Media Australia (2007), Australian ecosystems. Retrieved January 2008 from www.gullivermedia.com.au/eco.html

17. Healthy Waterways (2002), Education resources. Retrieved January 2008 from www. healthywaterways.org/PAGE191216PMWL1BPA.html

18. Watersecure (2010), Desalination - fresh water from www.the sea. Retrieved November 2010 from watersecure.com.au/images/stories/factsheets/watersecure_factsheet_desalination_web.pdf

19. Mohn, J. (2006), BVNW Biology web: Determining water quality using aquatic macroinvertebrates. Retrieved January 2008 from www.bv229.k12.ks.us/bvnwbiology/fi eldbiology/macroinvertebrates/index.htm

20. Queensland Government Environmental Protection Agency (2003), Role of the Environmental Protection Agency in Environmental Impact Assessments. Retrieved January 2008 from www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications/p00708aa.pdf/Role_of_the_environmental_protection_agency_in_environmental_impact_assessment.pdf

21. Queensland Government Environmental Protection Agency (2005), Queensland Water Recycling Guidelines December 2005. Retrieved January 2008 from www.nrw.qld.gov.au/compliance/wic/pdf/guidelines/recycle/recycle_guidelines.pdf

Page 19: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

22. Queensland Government Environmental Protection Agency (2006), Threatened plants and animals. Retrieved January 2008 from www.epa.qld.gov.au/nature_conservation/wildlife/threatened_plants_and_animals

23. Queensland Government Natural Resources and Water (2007), Fact sheets. Retrieved January 2008 from www.nrw.qld.gov.au/factsheets/index.php

24. Queensland Government (2007), Western Corridor Recycled Water Project. Fact sheet: ESIA process. Retrieved January 2008 from www.westerncorridor.com.au/media/fact_sheets/ESIA_Process_FACT_SHEET.pdf

25. Queensland Government (2007), Western Corridor Recycled Water Project. Fact sheet: Managing the environment.Retrieved January 2008 from www.westerncorridor.com.au/media/fact_sheets/Environment_A4.pdf

26. Queensland Government (2007), Western Corridor Recycled Water Project. Fact sheet: Water recycling. Retrieved January 2008 from www.westerncorridor.com.au/media/fact_sheets/Water_Recycling_FACT_SHEET.pdf

27. Queensland Studies Authority (2004, amended 2006), Biology senior syllabus. Retrieved February 2008 from www.qsa.qld.edu.au/syllabus/1946.html

28. Queensland Water Commission (2007), Projects: South East Queensland Water Grid. Retrieved January 2008 from www.qwc.qld.gov.au/Projects+-+South+East+Queensland+Water+Grid

29. Queensland Water Commission (2007), Water supply projects. Retrieved January 2008 from www.qwc.qld.gov.au/Projects

Worksheet

Page 20: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Make your water mark!

Information for teachers

Senior Biology

Native animals in or near creeks on the Gold Coast - pg1

Appendices

Page 21: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Native animals in or near creeks on the Gold Coast - pg2

Appendices

Page 22: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Native animals in or near creeks on the Gold Coast - pg3

Appendices

Page 23: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Native animals of rainforests on the Gold Coast - pg 1

Appendices

Page 24: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Native animals of rainforests on the Gold Coast - pg 2

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Page 25: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Native animals of the Gold Coast's eucalypt forests and woodland areas - pg1

Appendices

Page 26: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Native animals of the Gold Coast's eucalypt forests and woodland areas - pg2

Appendices

Page 27: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Native animals of the Gold Coast's eucalypt forests and woodland areas - pg3

Appendices

Page 28: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Native animals of the Gold Coast's eucalypt forests and woodland areas - pg4

Appendices

Page 29: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Fact sheet - Eagleby wetlands project stage three - pg1

Appendices

Page 30: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Fact sheet - Eagleby wetlands project stage three - pg2

Appendices

Page 31: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Healthy Waterways: Fact sheet - Animal life

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Page 32: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

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Healthy Waterways: Fact sheet - South East Queensland catchment - pg1

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Page 33: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Healthy Waterways: Fact sheet - South East Queensland catchment - pg2

Appendices

Page 34: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Fact sheet - Catchments and water quality - pg1

Appendices

Page 35: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Fact sheet - Catchments and water quality - pg2

Appendices

Page 36: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Declared plants of Queensland - pg1

Appendices

Page 37: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Declared plants of Queensland - pg2

Appendices

Page 38: Senior Biology - City of Gold Coast your water mark! Information for teachers Senior Biology Senior biology syllabus links UB IB EBI AV Understanding biology 1 recall ideas, concepts

Senior Biology Information for teachers

Make your water mark!

Declared plants of Queensland - pg3

Appendices