SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION - Best Education

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SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2½ hours

This question paper consists of 12 pages.

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2

2015

Agricultural Sciences/P2 2 DBE/2015 SCE


INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. 2.

This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this

question paper.

5. 6. 7.

You may use a non-programmable calculator. Show ALL calculations, including formulae, where applicable and round off the answers to TWO decimal places. Write neatly and legibly.



SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.

Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.11 A.

1.1.1 The product function that is indicated by the diagram below is ...

Curdled milk Yoghurt Cheese

A transport. B standardisation. C processing. D grading.

1.1.2 This is NOT a way to streamline and improve the agribusiness

chain:

A Improving roads to facilitate marketing B Provision of cellphones and Internet for easy access to

marketing

C Increasing transport costs by distributing the produce to nearby markets

D Using cooling facilities to avoid oversupply to the markets 1.1.3 The following statement applies to eco-labelling:

A It promotes product labelling as environmentally friendly. B The unsustainable labelling is directed at the consumer. C It has components that have a negative impact on the

environment.

D It does not take environmental concerns into account. 1.1.4 The following statement is NOT part of a SWOT analysis:

A Identifying strengths and weaknesses of a business B Strategic planning tool to evaluate a business C Identifying opportunities and taking advantage of them D Strategic tool to punish workers

Milk



1.1.5 Credit obtained and repaid over a period of less than two years is

known as ...-term capital.

A long B short C medium D short to medium

1.1.6 Any human endeavour, either physical or mental, that is performed

in expectation of remuneration is ...

A capital. B labour. C leave. D salary.

1.1.7 An increase in input on land does not bring a proportionate increase

in yield. This statement is associated with the following economic characteristic of land:

A Land is durable. B Land is restricted. C Land is subject to the law of diminishing returns. D Land is indestructible.

1.1.8 The smallest unit that has the ability to carry genetic information

that is passed on from a parent to the offspring:

A DNA B RNA C GMO D Chromosome

1.1.9 The structure that is changed through the process of genetic

modification:

A Cell B Genes C Nucleus D Antigen

1.1.10 The reappearance of a characteristic after a long absence in an

animal population:

A Prepotency B Epistasis C Incomplete dominance D Atavism (10 x 2) (20)



1.2 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches a term in COLUMN A.

Write only the letter (A–H) next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 J.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5

Hedging Water canal Assets Biolistics Cloning

A B C D E F G H

temporary labour an example of movable capital the production of an identical copy of biological material contract to ensure a secure market and price for produce physical items of economic value an example of fixed capital more than two ventures on the same farm genetic modification technique

(5 x 2) (10) 1.3 Give ONE word/term/phrase for each of the following descriptions. Write only

the word/term/phrase next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.3.1 A commodity a producer offers for sale at any given price 1.3.2 The difference between the value of the assets and the value of the

liabilities

1.3.3 Money that comes into and goes out of the farmer's bank account 1.3.4 The differences in the phenotypes of plants or animals of the same

species due to genes and environment

1.3.5 The type of selection whereby an individual is selected based on

records of its ancestors (5 x 2)

(10)



1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD in each of the following statements to

make them TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question number (1.4.1–1.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.4.1 Cooperative marketing is a marketing strategy where government

determines and announces the price of a commodity.

1.4.2 Planning is a management skill that gives direction to workers and

influences them to achieve their goals.

1.4.3 Market strategy indicates a condition where the amount of a

product the consumers require is exactly equal to the quantity that a producer wants to sell.

1.4.4 Manipulation is a situation where too much capital is invested in

relation to other production factors.

1.4.5 Roses with pink flowers (R) and roses with white flowers (r) will

produce an F1-generation with red flowers. (5 x 1)

(5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45



SECTION B QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING Start this question on a NEW page. 2.1 The illustration below represents a specific type of marketing.

2.1.1 Identify the type of marketing illustrated above. (1) 2.1.2 Explain why the producer in this type of marketing should do the

following: (a) Show initiative and drive (b) Provide products of good quality

(2) (2)

2.1.3 State THREE guidelines for farmers to streamline and improve the

marketing chain of produce.

(3) 2.1.4 State TWO approaches in the marketing of agricultural produce. (2) 2.2 A dairy farmer struggles with a dairy operation and is under severe financial

constraints due to the low price of milk. There is an area on the farm where black wattle trees grow very well. The farmer was informed that government has passed a law that all alien trees must be removed from farms and properties. The farmer has now started a business that renders a service to other farmers and property owners in the area by cutting down alien trees.

2.2.1 Give an appropriate business management term for each of the

following: (a) This farmer's tree-felling venture (b) The majority of the trees are cut into smaller pieces and sold as

firewood. Some are used to produce charcoal. (c) A small portion of clients asked for specific cuts of wood. (d) Factors and threats that can harm the venture (e) The farmer takes precautionary measures to protect workers

from danger and injuries.

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1)



2.2.2 State THREE benefits that this tree-felling venture will have for the

farmer.

(3) 2.3 Agricultural cooperatives engage in producing, processing and marketing

agricultural products. In addition to these, cooperatives also supply inputs and services to their members.

2.3.1 Give THREE examples of agricultural cooperatives. (3) 2.3.2 State THREE advantages of agricultural cooperatives. (3) 2.3.3 List THREE principles of agricultural cooperatives. (3) 2.4 The data below represent the supply and demand of tomatoes.

PRICE PER KG (RAND)

QUANTITY DEMANDED (BOXES)

QUANTITY OFFERED (BOXES)

14 35 10 17 30 15 20 25 20 23 20 25 27 15 30 30 10 35

2.4.1 Draw a line graph to indicate the supply and demand of tomatoes on

ONE graph.

(6) 2.4.2 Deduce the relationship between supply and price from the graph. (2)

[35]



QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 A potential farmer intended to start a business and borrowed R25 000 from

the bank. This farmer did not start immediately after obtaining the loan. By the time the business was established the total debt increased to five times the original amount. The profit was on average R12 000 per year, except for the first year when the profit was only 18% of the initial principal debt.

3.1.1 Determine the total debt of the entrepreneur after the enterprise was

finally established. Show ALL calculations.

(2) 3.1.2 Calculate the profit for the first year of operation. (2)

3.1.3 Calculate the profit (as a percentage) for the third year. (3)

3.1.4 State TWO other ways of obtaining capital, except for borrowing. (2)

3.2 Labour has a significant impact on the success and cost of any farming

enterprise. On one particular farm, a farmer has four workers: a tractor driver, two general workers and a part-time cleaner. Labour on this farm is governed by legislation.

3.2.1 Identify, from the passage above, an example of each of the following:

(a) Casual worker (b) Manager (c) Unskilled worker (d) Skilled worker

(1) (1) (1) (1)

3.2.2 Indicate the legislation that regulates the following:

(a) Leave, working hours and deductions

(b) Promoting economic development and social justice (c) Health and safety in the workplace

(1) (1) (1)

3.2.3 State TWO measures this farmer could take to increase the

productivity of farm workers.

(2)



3.3 The picture below represents a production factor.

3.3.1 Identify the production factor in the picture above. (1) 3.3.2 List FOUR economic characteristics of the production factor named in

QUESTION 3.3.1.

(4) 3.3.3 Give THREE functions associated with the production factor named in

QUESTION 3.3.1.

(3) 3.4 Farm management requires both day-to-day planning as well as long-term

strategic planning to ensure that the business achieves its goals, as illustrated in the flow chart below.

3.4.1 Define the term management. (2) 3.4.2 Give the THREE main management principles represented by

A, B and C.

(3) 3.4.3 List THREE aims of strategic management. (3) 3.4.4 Indicate the person responsible for the overall management of a

farming enterprise.

(1) [35]

Management Principles

A

B

C



QUESTION 4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 A homozygous dominant ram with long, fine wool is crossed with a

homozygous recessive ewe with short, coarse wool.

4.1.1 Identify the type of crossing represented by the statement above. (1)

4.1.2 Motivate the answer to QUESTION 4.1.1. (2)

4.1.3 Determine the phenotypic ratio of the F2-generation. (1)

4.1.4 List the FOUR possible phenotypic combinations as they could appear

in the offspring of the crossing above.

(4) 4.1.5 Explain the economic importance of this crossing. (2)

4.2 Genetically modified or altered crops known as GMOs are used for the United

Nations' food programme in Africa and Asia. The crops that are most commonly used are maize, rice and potatoes.

4.2.1 Define the term genetic modification. (2) 4.2.2 State THREE advantages of genetically modified crops. (3) 4.2.3 Describe TWO potential risks of genetically modified crops. (2) 4.2.4 Explain the reason for genetically modifying maize, rice and potatoes. (1) 4.2.5 Name TWO techniques used in the genetic modification of plants. (2)


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4.3 The graph below represents a normal distribution curve used in the selection

of animals for a breeding programme by taking only their phenotypic characteristics into account.

4.3.1 Deduce, from the graph, the most suitable group of animals (A, B or C) to be used in a breeding programme for the next generation.

(1)

4.3.2 Give a reason for the answer to QUESTION 4.3.1. (1) 4.3.3 Identify the method of selection used in this breeding programme. (1) 4.3.4 Differentiate between selection and variation. (4) 4.3.5 Name the selection method used in each of the following situations in

animal breeding: (a) Selection based on the quality of relatives in the same generation (b) Selection based on the quality of offspring

(1) (1)

4.4 Various breeding programmes/systems are used in animal breeding. 4.4.1 Distinguish between inbreeding and crossbreeding. (2) 4.4.2 State TWO advantages of inbreeding. (2) 4.4.3 State TWO advantages of a mule to the farmer. (2)

[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150

B

Improved vigour

C

Low vigour

A

poor average good Performance

Num

ber o

f ani

mal

s


SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

MARKS: 150

This memorandum consists of 10 pages.

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1

2015

MEMORANDUM

Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum


SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1

1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 1.1.10

A 99 D 99 B 99 C 99 C 99 D 99 B 99 A 99 D 99 C 99 (10 x 2)

(20)

1.2 1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5

B only 99 Both A and B 99 B only 99 A only 99 None 99 (5 x 2)

(10)

1.3 1.3.1

1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5

Oesophageal groove 99 Bacteria/micro organisms 99 Red 99 Meiosis 99 Freemartin/freemartinism/queen 99 (5 x 2)

(10)

1.4 1.4.1

1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5

Iodine/I 9 Roasting 9 Tranquilisers 9 Homoeothermic/endothermic/warm blooded 9 Oxytocin 9 (5 x 1)

(5)

TOTAL SECTION A 45



SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 The alimentary canal of a farm animal 2.1.1 Type of farm animal represented by the diagram

Chicken/fowl/poultry/bird 9

(1) 2.1.2 Motivation for the answer

• Crop 9 • Proventriculus/granular/true stomach 9 • Ventriculus/muscular/gizzard 9 • Caeca/blind guts 9 • Cloaca/vent 9 (Any 3)

(3)

2.1.3 Letters of the parts where each of the following occurs (a) Excretion - I 9 (b) Microbial fermentation - G 9 (c) Mechanical digestion - D 9

(1) (1) (1)

2.2 Pearson square method 2.2.1 Pearson square method to balance the ration

Maize 9% 27 parts/27 9 17% 9 Soya oilcake 44% 8 parts/8 9

(3)

2.2.2 Calculations to show the percentage of feeds in a ration

Total: 27 + 8 = 35 9 % Maize: 27 ÷ 35 x 100 9 = 77,14/77% 9 % Soya oilcake: 8 ÷ 35 x 100 9 = 22,86/23% 9

(5)



2.3 Fodder flow programme

2.3.3 Month with the highest production

• December 9

(1)

2.4.1 The appropriate term for this condition

Anaemia 9

(1) 2.4.2

THREE visible symptoms associated with the condition • Diarrhoea 9 • Paleness of the mucus membranes/skin 9 • Loss of appetite/anorexia 9 • Listlessness/appear tired/weakness 9 • Rapid breathing 9 • Loose, wrinkled skin 9 • Swelling of the head/eyes/shoulders 9 (Any 3)

(3)

2.4.3 TWO precautionary measures for this condition

• Iron/Fe-injection 9 • Putting soil sods in the pen 9 • Painting teats with an iron solution/iron sulphate 9 • Supplementing/creep feeding/ration 9 (Any 2)

(2)

2.3.1 Total quantity of lucerne (DM in kg) required per year 600kg x 12 9 = 7 200kg lucerne 9

(2)

2.3.2 Availability of feed for the animals for one year There will not be enough feed 9 Reason Animals require 7 200kg, production is 5 800kg of lucerne/1 400kg deficit/less feed 9

(2)

2.3.4

Alternatives to fulfill feed requirements of the animals • Protein rich supplement/sources 9 • Green fodder 9 • Plant crops to be used as silage 9 • Crop residues to be utilized as stover 9 (Any 2)

(2)

2.4 Piglets in a concrete pen



2.5 Ration formulated for dairy cattle 2.5.1 Calculation of the nutritive ratio

% digestible non-nitrogen substances = TDN – DP

= 80% – 10% = 70 % 9 NR = 1: % DNNS OR NR = 1: %TDN – %DP 9

% DP %DP NR = 1: 70% 9

10% NR = 1:7 9

(4)

2.5.2

2.5.3

Suitability of ration • Unsuitable/not suitable 9

TWO reasons for the answer • NR is wider than 1:6 9 • Protein content is too low 9

(1) (2) [35]



QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 FARMER A and FARMER B have each started an intensive production

venture with young lambs

3.1.1 Reason for the housing layouts of FARMER A

(a) Building on a slight slope • Water can run off 9

(b) Dry bedding • Protect animals against cold 9

(c) Cemented floor • Easy to clean/hygienic conditions/avoid mud when wet 9

(d) Long building with long axis facing east • Warmer in winter/cooler in summer 9

(1) (1) (1) (1)

3.1.2 The impact on production for FARMER B:

(a) House facing north direction • Very hot in summer 9 • Warm in winter 9

(b) Muddy floor • Foot diseases 9 • Hygienic problems 9 • Parasite infestation 9 (Any 2)

(c) Build on level ground • Water cannot run off/poor drainage/stagnation of water 9 • Muddy/unhygienic conditions 9

(2)

(2) (2)



3.2 Graph on feed consumption and weight gain for beef cattle 3.2.1 Line graph on average feed consumption/average weight gain

Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines

• Correct heading 9 • X axis - correctly calibrated and labelled (Feed consumption) 9 • Y axis - correctly calibrated and labelled (Weight gain) 9 • Correct units (kg/day and g/day) 9 • Accuracy 9 • Line graph 9

(6)

3.2.2

The relationship between feed consumption and weight gain • Weight gain is directly proportional to feed consumption 99

OR • The higher the feed consumed the higher/greater the weight

gain/vice versa 99

(2)

3.3 Various stages of the life cycle of a parasite 3.3.1 Name and type of parasite represented

• Bont tick 9 • External/ecto parasite 9

(2)

3.3.2 Classification of the type of parasite according to the life cycle

Three-host parasite 9

(1) 3.3.3 Letters representing the stages in the life cycle of the parasite:

(a) The larvae that hatches from the eggs - B 9 (b) The nymph feeding on the second host - D 9 (c) Ticks feeding on the third host - E 9 (d) The first host - C 9

(1) (1) (1) (1)

0

100

200

300

400

500

1 2 3 4 5 6

Aver

age

wei

ght g

ain

(g/d

ay)

Average feed consumption (kg/day)

Average weight gain and the average feed consumption of cattle



3.3.4

TWO damaging effects this parasite has on livestock • Damage the skin/teats/genitals 9 • Lowering the resistance of the host 9 • Anaemia as a result of blood sucked from the host 9 • Transmission of diseases 9 • Death 9 • General deterioration 9 • Irritation 9 (Any 2)

(2)

3.4 Scenario on an integrated production system 3.4.1 Definition of intensive production system

• Small area with lots of animals 9 • Human and technological involvement and intervention 9 • High production in/outputs 9 • Independent from nature 9 (Any 2)

(2)

3.4.2 Evidence of TWO intensive production systems

• Irrigation 9 • Feedlot 9 • Planted pastures 9 (Any 2)

(2)

3.4.3

TWO reasons for planting trees on the natural pastures • Protect animals against extreme environmental conditions

(sunlight/heat/radiation/cold/wind/rain) 9 • Provide shade 9 • Provide shelter/protection 9 • Feeding/nutrition 9 (Any 2)

(2)

3.4.4 Scientific term for the farming system

• Extensive production system 9

(1) 3.4.5 Influence of feedlot on the stock density

• Stock density will go up/increase/improve/become more 9

(1) [35]



QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The pie chart is a representation of the oestrus cycle in cows 4.1.1 Duration of the oestrus cycle in non-pregnant cows

• 18 - 24 days 9

(1) 4.1.2 Percentage which corresponds with the stage at which the

cow will mate with a bull • 4% 9

(1)

4.1.3 Stage and hormone responsible for the condition

• Oestrus 9 • Oestrogen 9

(2)

4.1.4 The hormone responsible for each of the following

percentages: (a) 4% - Oestrogen 9 (b) 12% - Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH 9 (c) 15% - Luteinising hormone/LH 9 (d) 69% - Progesterone 9

(1) (1) (1) (1)

4.2 Artificial insemination

4.2.1 Definition of artificial insemination

• The collection of semen from the bull and 9 • Placing of the semen into the reproductive canal of a cow 9 • Leading to the fertilisation without natural mating 9

(3)

4.2.2

TWO prerequisites for the successful artificial insemination • Cows must be in oestrus/heat 9 • AI must take place on the correct point in oestrus/timing 9 • Use healthy/uninfected/viable semen 9 • Used sterilized instruments 9 • Done by qualified person/personnel/correct technique 9

(Any 2)

(2)


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4.2.3 THREE dilutants commonly used to dilute semen

• Milk 9 • Fructose/glucose (nutrients) 9 • Egg yolk 9 • Lipids 9 • Glycerol 9 • Buffers/sodium citrate 9 • Antibiotics/penicillin 9 (Any 3)

(3)

4.2.4

ONE other method for his cows to produce offspring • Cloning 9 • Natural mating 9 (Any 1)

(1)

4.3 The process of mating

4.3.1 FIVE stages of mating in sequential order

• Courtship/Sexual attraction 9 • Mounting 9 • Copulation/intromission 9 • Ejaculation 9 • Dismounting 9

(5)

4.3.2 THREE factors regulating mating behavior among bulls

• Genetic make-up 9 • Environmental factors 9 • Physiological factors 9 • Health 9 • Experience 9 (Any 3)

(3)

4.4 Developing embryo

4.4.1 Identification of letters and the names of parts:

(a) G 9 Placenta 9 (b) A 9 Amnion 9 (c) F 9 Chorion 9

(2) (2) (2)

4.4.2 THREE functions of the part B (Amniotic fluid)

• Shock absorber 9 • Allow movement of foetus 9 • Regulates temperature 9 • Lubricates birth canal 9 • Prevents desiccation of foetus 9 (Any 3)

(3)

4.4.3 The substance that is enclosed by the membrane labelled A

• Amniotic fluid 9

(1) [35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION - Best Education