2018 Senior External Examination

BiologyPaper One — Question and response book

Friday 19 October 20189 am to 11:40 am

Time allowed• Perusal time: 10 minutes• Working time: 2 hours 30 minutes

Examination materials provided• Paper One — Question and response book• Planning paper

Equipment allowed• QCAA-approved equipment• non-programmable calculator• one A4 sheet of Evaluating biological issues (EBI)

question topic research notes

DirectionsDo not write during perusal time.Paper One has three parts:

• Part A — Cell structure and function• Part B — Physiology of organisms• Part C — Organisms and ecosystems

Attempt all questions.

Suggested time allocation• Part A — 55 minutes• Part B — 40 minutes• Part C — 55 minutes

AssessmentPaper One assesses the following assessment criteria:

• Understanding biology (UB)• Investigating biology (IB)• Evaluating biological issues (EBI)

Assessment standards are at the end of this book.

After the examination sessionThe supervisor will collect this book and your research notes when you leave.

Candidate usePrint your candidate number here

Attach barcode here

Number of books used

Supervisor use only

Supervisor’s initials

QCAA use only

Marker number

1 8 – –

Planning space

1

Question 2 continues over next page ▬►

Part A — Cell structure and functionQuestions 1–5 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB).

Question 6 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI).

Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the space provided.

Suggested time allocation: 55 minutes.

Question 1 (UB)a. State the function of each of the following organelles.

Organelle Function

Nucleus

Ribosome

Chloroplast

b. Distinguish between chlorophyll and a chloroplast.

c. Plants are producers however, they still need mitochondria. Explain why.

Question 2 (UB)a. Write the equation for photosynthesis.

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b. Complete the following diagram of the stages of photosynthesis.

c. Scientists exposed two groups of identical plants to a range of temperatures. One group was kept in a constant low light intensity and the other in a constant high light intensity. The following graph summarises the results.

Explainthedifferencebetweentherateofphotosynthesisforthetwogroupsofplantsovertherangeof temperatures shown. Refer to both temperature and light intensity.

3

Question 3 continues over next page ▬►

Question 3 (UB)Amoeba (Amoeba proteus) is a unicellular organism found in freshwater ponds. It has a contractile vacuole that collects and expels water from the cell. An amoeba that could be observed with a microscope was placed in water with increasing salt concentrations.

The rate (number of contractions per minute) of the contractile vacuole was recorded. The results are below.

a. Explain why the rate of contraction of the vacuole varies as salt concentration changes from 0.0 g/100 mL to 0.25 g/100 mL.

b. Above salt concentrations of 0.25 g/100 mL, what change would occur to the amoeba? Explain.

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c. Many mitochondria are found in the immediate vicinity of the contractile vacuole. Explain the relationship between the mitochondria and the contractile vacuole.

Question 4 (IB)The graph below shows the results obtained from testing the activity of a bacterial enzyme.

Explain the activity of the enzyme at the parts of the graph labelled A, B, C and D. Use this to draw a conclusion of the optimum temperature for this bacteria to survive.

5

Question 5 (IB)Catalase is an enzyme that brings about the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

Catalase Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen

22 2H O 2

2H O+O2

To test the reaction rate of catalase, hydrogen peroxide and chopped liver can be placed in test tubes with a drop of detergent added to each tube. The rates of reaction can be observed by measuring the depth of froth produced by the oxygen bubbles created in the reaction.

Outline an experiment to determine the optimum temperature for catalase action by:• providing methodology• addressing variables and control• planning replicate treatments• identifying data to be collected (what, when, how).

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Question 6 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.

Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Question 6 (EBI)‘Stem cells are promoted as “the way of the future for the treatment of many illnesses” and therefore medical research into these cells should be a high priority.’

Do you agree with this statement?

Justify your decision from a biological perspective. Include points for and against stem cells.

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End of Part A

8

Part B — Physiology of organismsQuestions 1– 5 assess Understanding biology (UB) and/or Investigating biology (IB).

Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the space provided.

Suggested time allocation: 40 minutes.

Question 1 (UB)a. Label the following diagram to show:

• water intake

• water transportation

• carbon dioxide intake

• glucose production

• glucose transportation.

9

b. Thegraphbelowshowshowdifferentfactorsaffecttranspirationrate.

Explainhowtemperatureandrelativehumidityaffectthetranspirationrateasshowninthegraph.

10

Question 2 (UB)Listtwofeaturesofalveolithatmakesgasexchangeeasyandefficient.

Question 3 (UB)The diagram below shows nephrons from two mammals. The one on the right is from a mammal that lives in the desert.

Bowman’s capsule

Bowman’s capsuleProximal tubuleDistal tubule

Proximal tubule

Distal tubule

Loop of Henle

Collecting ductLoop of Henle

Collecting duct

a. Withrespecttonephronfunction,whatismeantbyfiltration?

b. Onthediagram,labelwherefiltrationoccurs.

c. Compare the length of the Loop of Henle in the two mammals. Link the length of the loop in the desert mammal to its survival.

11

Question 4 (UB/IB)The following experiment was set up.

A snake was placed in a 1 m3 incubator that had a glass front door. The incubator was set at 25 °C and the temperature was gradually decreased to 10 °C. The initial core temperature of the snake was 25 °C. The experiment ran for two hours.

a. The carbon dioxide concentrations rose in the incubator. Explain why.

b. Sketch a line graph on the axes below to predict body temperature changes for the snake.

12

Question 5 (IB)Amedicalresearcherwasinvestigatingtheeffectsofvarying the concentration of aloe vera solution on the regrowth of Planaria —atypeofflatwormthatcanregrowmissingparts.

Planaria were cut into two pieces to obtain 5 heads and 5 tails for each experimental group. Each group was placed in 15 mL of aloe vera solution ofdifferentconcentrations:0%,10%,20%or30%.Thesegroupswerethenplaced in a growth chamber with identical food, temperature and humidity.

On day 15, the growth of the planaria parts was observed and the results categorised as full growth, partial growth or no growth.

NB Aloe vera: a plant that is said to have healing properties.

a. Outline one strength and one limitation of the experiment.

b. Whatresultswouldsupportfurtherresearchintotheeffectofaloeveraontissue?Explain.

End of Part B

Head

Tail

Planaria

13

Part C — Organisms and ecosystemsQuestions 1–6 assess Understanding biology (UB) and/or Investigating biology (IB).

Question 7 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI).

Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the space provided.

Suggested time allocation: 55 minutes.

Question 1 (UB)Carbon is contained in all organic compounds.

a. Explain the role of cellular respiration in carbon cycling.

b. Predictandexplaintheeffectonthecarboncycleifdecomposerswereabsent.

14

Question 2 (UB)Part of a food web for the Great Barrier Reef is given below.

a. From the food web, name:

i. a producer

ii. afirst-orderconsumer

iii. an organism that is both a second-order and third-order consumer.

b. Thetigersharkswereremovedfromthefoodweb.Nametwoorganismsthiswouldaffect,andpredict the impact on those two organisms.

15

Question 3 (UB)Complete the table below, stating the name of the relationships between the species.

Species Relationship

Coyotes and wolves hunt similar prey.

Tapeworm in a dog.

Oxpecker birds eat ticks that are on zebras.

Question 4 (IB)Thegraphsbelowrepresentchangesinsizeofdifferentpopulationsovertime.

Conclude which graph (A–D) best represents the following situation.

A population of possums colonising a newly regenerated forest. Justify.

16

Question 5 (IB)Ascientistwishedtoexaminewhichoftwoabioticfactorshadgreatereffectonapopulationofsmallflyinginsects.Thescientistusedaseriesofinsecttrapsoveraone-hectareblockandcalculatedtheinsect population for each month over two years. During this time the scientist also recorded the rainfall and the mean monthly temperature to produce the following graph.

a. Using the graph, conclude which abiotic factor (mean temperature or rainfall) has the greater influenceontheinsectpopulation.

b. Justify your answer based on the information in the graph.

c. Giveascientificexplanationforwhythisfactorhasagreaterinfluence.

17

Question 6 (IB)A group of students hypothesised that the height of plants decreases with increased elevation.

Totestthis,tenplantcuttingsfromthesameplantwereplantedatfivelocationsofdifferentelevationsin the same mountain range. All the cuttings were provided with the same volume of water on planting. No fertiliser was applied. After a period, the heights of the plants were measured.

The cross-section below indicates the average height of the plants at each location.

Evaluatethevalidityoftheexperimentandproposerefinements.

18

Question 7 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.

Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Question 7 (EBI)‘There is no such thing as a native pest; they have simply exploited a changed environment successfully.’

Do you agree with this statement? Justify your decision referring to environmental concepts.

19

End of Part CEnd of Paper One

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Part Question

Additional page for responses (if required)

21

Part Question

Additional page for responses (if required)

22

Part Question

Additional page for responses (if required)

23

Part Question

Additional page for responses (if required)

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Planning space

25

Planning space

26-1 2008 Subject — Paper One — Question/Response bookT:\exexams\2017\Papers\Subjects\Biology\Standards\Paper 1 - Standards.fm September 7, 2018 2:08 pm

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