SENTENCE ELEMENTSSENTENCE ELEMENTS

CLAUSE ANALYSISCLAUSE ANALYSIS SENTENCESSENTENCES

INDEPENDENT MAIN CLAUSEINDEPENDENT MAIN CLAUSE

Group of words that carry main idea Group of words that carry main idea of the sentenceof the sentence

Always has subject and main verbAlways has subject and main verb Makes sense on its ownMakes sense on its own

Eg Billy loves ClaireEg Billy loves Claire

DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) CLAUSECLAUSE

Adds extra information about the subject Adds extra information about the subject in the independent main clausein the independent main clause

Also has subject and a main verbAlso has subject and a main verb Dependent clause is incompleteDependent clause is incomplete Is dependent on the IMC for meaningIs dependent on the IMC for meaning Is subordinate to it in importanceIs subordinate to it in importance

Eg Although Claire loved Paul, she went Eg Although Claire loved Paul, she went back to her husbandback to her husband

PHRASESPHRASES

Group of words that adds further Group of words that adds further information about the MC or DCinformation about the MC or DC

Phrases have no verb at all, or have a Phrases have no verb at all, or have a verb in form of present or past participleverb in form of present or past participle

Eg however, fortunately, on the other Eg however, fortunately, on the other handhand

Talking about poetry, having painted the Talking about poetry, having painted the picture, having won the prizepicture, having won the prize

SIMPLE SENTENCESIMPLE SENTENCE

Consists of a simple independent Consists of a simple independent main clausemain clause

Eg the dog barkedEg the dog barked

COMPOUND SENTENCECOMPOUND SENTENCE

Consists of two or more simple Consists of two or more simple sentences joined together, usually by sentences joined together, usually by conjunctions such as ‘and’, ‘as’, ‘but.conjunctions such as ‘and’, ‘as’, ‘but.

As long as there is only one verb it is a As long as there is only one verb it is a simple sentencesimple sentence

Eg the dog barked and the baby woke Eg the dog barked and the baby woke upup

Eg in the middle of the night, the dog Eg in the middle of the night, the dog barkedbarked

COMPLEX SENTENCECOMPLEX SENTENCE

Consists of one or more independent Consists of one or more independent main clauses, and one or more main clauses, and one or more dependent clausesdependent clauses

Eg the dog barked because it was Eg the dog barked because it was lonelylonely

SENTENCE MOODSENTENCE MOOD

Main clauses can have one of three Main clauses can have one of three moodsmoods

Declarative is used to make Declarative is used to make statementsstatements

Imperative is used to issue Imperative is used to issue orders/commandsorders/commands

Interrogative is used to ask questionsInterrogative is used to ask questions

TENSESTENSES

Present participle – ends in ‘ing’Present participle – ends in ‘ing’ Past participle – ends in ‘en’, ‘t’, ‘ed’Past participle – ends in ‘en’, ‘t’, ‘ed’

PARALLELISMPARALLELISM

Patterning of pairs of sounds, words or Patterning of pairs of sounds, words or structures to create a sense of balancestructures to create a sense of balance

Eg I am the way, the life and the truthEg I am the way, the life and the truth

Eg of Eg of repetitionrepetition: Onward, onward rode the : Onward, onward rode the six six

hundredhundredEg of Eg of parallelismparallelism: Those I fight I do not hate: Those I fight I do not hate Those I guard I do not loveThose I guard I do not love

Distinguish the dependent clauses from the Distinguish the dependent clauses from the independent main clauses in the following independent main clauses in the following

sentences:sentences:

Mary refuses to marry Peter, unless he will Mary refuses to marry Peter, unless he will get a proper jobget a proper job

Because he prefers the past, Hugh ignores Because he prefers the past, Hugh ignores the real wordthe real word

Hugh drinks so he can escape realityHugh drinks so he can escape reality When Matt teaches her to speak, Sarah When Matt teaches her to speak, Sarah

finds her identityfinds her identity She has hope until he abandons herShe has hope until he abandons her Although he knows the language well, Although he knows the language well,

Pierre refuses to speak EnglishPierre refuses to speak English

Noun PhraseNoun Phrase

Begins with a determiner and has a Begins with a determiner and has a noun as its important word. It can act noun as its important word. It can act as a subject, and object or a as a subject, and object or a compliment in a clause compliment in a clause

Adverbial clauseAdverbial clause