Sentence VarietyUse different ways to begin

sentences

Sentence variety: Begin with an adverb Begin with a prepositional phrase Use an –ing modifier Use an –ed modifier Use an appositive Use who, which, that

Begin with an adverb

Fluently, she spoke in French to the ambassador.

Begin with a prepositional phraseWithout any hesitation, he convinced

her to buy the car.

Begin with an –ing modifier

or combine with an –ing modifier.

Planning to graduate in June, George has already started looking

for a job.

Begin with an –ed modifier

Frightened by her mother’s voice, the child began to cry.

Begin with an appositive

begin with an appositive

An appositive is a phrase that renames or describes a noun.Appositives can go in the middle or end of sentences as well as at the beginning. Use commas to set off the appositive.

An appositive

is a non-restrictive relative clause that has been reduced by removing the relative pronoun and the verb. This grammar is often used to give background information about people quoted as authorities.

Use an appositiveTiger Woods, the golf star, has made

the game popular among young people.

It is also a noun or a noun phrase that renames another nearby noun.

Tim, my older brother, works in Sidney.

Dr. Kobayashi, the director of Japan’s National Institute of Health and Nutrition, said earlier that diet is related to the change in economic growth.

Use a relative clause to connect ideas

Roberto, who loves to surf, lives in an apartment overlooking the Pacific

ocean.

A non-restrictive relative clause gives additional information about a noun.

Non-restrictive relative clauses are separated from the noun and the rest of the sentence with commas.

According to Dr. Garrick, who is the director of the Center for Sports Medicine at Memorial Hospital West, excessive exercisers are people who work out or run two to three hours a day and won’t back off despite pain and injury.

Restrictive clauses

give information about the word they modify and are necessary to identify it.

A person who speaks three languages is trilingual.

Rosario, who works at BCC, is trilingual.

Use a relative clauseThe Roxy recently opened in the city center, a new eight-screen movie theater.

My mother loves to cook. My mother is a professional chef.

My father won’t eat my sister’s lasagna. My father is a vegetarian.

Use sentence variety

When I speak on the phone, I try to speak slowly and clearly.

When he was questioned by the police, the murderer confessed to his crime.

Rewrite by using a prepositional phrase at the beginning..

A group of French intellectuals, in 1865, met in a restaurant and discussed the United States.

Frederick Bartholdi searched for a site to place his sculpture during a visit to the United States.

Use an adverb.

Bartholdi unfortunately died in 1883 without seeing the completed work.

Combine sentences using present participle. (ing)

Cassius Clay competed in the 1960 Olympics. He won a gold medal.

He used a unique boxing method. Clay won many fights.

Competing in the 1960 Olympics, Cassius Clay won a gold medal.

Using a unique boxing method, Clay won many fights.

Combine sentences using past participle (ed)

He was invited to the 1936 Olympic games. He competed in twelve events.

Jesse Owens was forbidden to ride in the front of a bus. He expressed sadness about the segregation laws in his state.

Invited to the 1936 Olympic Games, he competed in twelve events.

Forbidden to ride in the front of the bus, Owens expressed sadness about the segregation laws in his state.

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