Addressing global challenges Addressing global challenges underwritten by geospatial data underwritten by geospatial data

management – Joint Board of management – Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies Geospatial Information Societies

contributionscontributions

Seoul, KoreaSeoul, Korea

October 2011October 2011

ContentContent► OverviewOverview► JBGISJBGIS► Importance of geospatial informationImportance of geospatial information► Spatially-enabled government and societySpatially-enabled government and society► Connected societies. Challenges are beyond individual Connected societies. Challenges are beyond individual

organisations.organisations.► Governance and interactions with societyGovernance and interactions with society► Capacity building (including capacity assessment and Capacity building (including capacity assessment and

capacity development)capacity development) Research;Research; Knowledge transfer;Knowledge transfer; Education; andEducation; and OutreachOutreach

► The importance of a united voiceThe importance of a united voice

ChallengesChallenges

► Natural Natural disastersdisasters

► Human issuesHuman issues

ChallengesChallenges

► Natural Natural disastersdisasters

► Human issuesHuman issues

► Need for Need for spatial spatial enablement enablement of of government government and societyand society

Spatial Data InfrastructureSpatial Data Infrastructure► GovernanceGovernance► Data sharingData sharing► DiscoveryDiscovery► AccessAccess► InteroperabilityInteroperability► Multi-sourced data Multi-sourced data

integrationintegration► StandardsStandards► Capacity-buildingCapacity-building► Technology transferTechnology transfer

United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names

Benefits of Spatial Data Benefits of Spatial Data InfrastructureInfrastructure

► EconomicEconomic► EnvironmentalEnvironmental

► ThroughThrough Management of spatial assetsManagement of spatial assets Development of spatial-enabling Development of spatial-enabling

platformsplatforms

► Committed to Committed to supporting society and supporting society and governmentsgovernments

► ThroughThrough Collaborative facilitation Collaborative facilitation

of initiatives and of initiatives and programmesprogrammes

► ToTo Establish and grow Establish and grow

capacitycapacity Deliver timely, Deliver timely,

comprehensive and comprehensive and useful geospatial useful geospatial informationinformation

► Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) Association Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) Association ► IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (IEEE-GRSS) IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (IEEE-GRSS) ► International Association of Geodesy (IAG) International Association of Geodesy (IAG) ► International Cartographic Association (ICA) International Cartographic Association (ICA) ► International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) ► International Geographical Union (IGU) International Geographical Union (IGU) ► International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) ► International Map Trade Association (IMTA) International Map Trade Association (IMTA) ► International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote

Sensing (ISPRS) Sensing (ISPRS) ► International Steering Committee for Global Mapping International Steering Committee for Global Mapping

(ISCGM)(ISCGM)

Ad hoc Committee on Capacity Building in Africa

Ad-hoc Committee on Risk and Disaster Management

► Member organisations of JB GIS willMember organisations of JB GIS will contribute to the UN GGIM initiativecontribute to the UN GGIM initiative champion the advancement of the UN GGIM champion the advancement of the UN GGIM

initiativeinitiative► ThroughThrough

individual and collaborative effortsindividual and collaborative efforts

► Importance of geospatial informationImportance of geospatial information Supports evidence-based decision makingSupports evidence-based decision making An enabling technology/infrastructure for An enabling technology/infrastructure for

modern societymodern society►Remote Sensing, Photogrammeetry, GPS, Remote Sensing, Photogrammeetry, GPS,

Geographic Information Systems, CartographyGeographic Information Systems, Cartography

► 80% of all decisions made by humans have a spatial 80% of all decisions made by humans have a spatial element (Albaredes 1998)element (Albaredes 1998)

► “…“…geographical information is used in making geographical information is used in making decisions that have a spatial element and decisions that have a spatial element and consequently geographical information improves the consequently geographical information improves the decision making process.” (Frank, Raubal and van decision making process.” (Frank, Raubal and van der Vlugt 2000) der Vlugt 2000)

► Spatial enablementSpatial enablement Effective management and sharing of information (across agency borders) results in more efficient and Effective management and sharing of information (across agency borders) results in more efficient and

effective information use effective information use BenefitsBenefits

► Reduced costs of information collection and managementReduced costs of information collection and management► Streamlined collection, processing and storageStreamlined collection, processing and storage► Improved decision makingImproved decision making► Enhanced government service deliverEnhanced government service deliver► TimelyTimely► ConsistentConsistent► RelevantRelevant► AccurateAccurate► TransparentTransparent► SharableSharable

► NeedNeed Terrestrial and hydrographic geospatial Terrestrial and hydrographic geospatial

informationinformation Underpinned by accurate positioningUnderpinned by accurate positioning Depicting the correct informationDepicting the correct information

►FeaturesFeatures►Naming of featuresNaming of features

Effectively communicated and visualisedEffectively communicated and visualised

► Representing the EarthRepresenting the Earth MappingMapping ChartingCharting ImageryImagery ……

► Critical to recognising benefits to societyCritical to recognising benefits to society EnvironmentEnvironment SecuritySecurity EconomyEconomy socialsocial

Terrestrial global geospatial Terrestrial global geospatial informationinformation

► Almost all social and Almost all social and economic human activity economic human activity depends on locationdepends on location

► Global geographic Global geographic information an essential tool information an essential tool for understanding regional for understanding regional and global issuesand global issues

► egeg Global MapGlobal Map created to solve created to solve

global environmental global environmental challenges identified in challenges identified in AGENDA21AGENDA21

Global Earth System of Systems Global Earth System of Systems (GEOSS) Data Sharing Action (GEOSS) Data Sharing Action Plan for full and open exchange Plan for full and open exchange of data, metadata and productsof data, metadata and products

Hydrographic global geospatial Hydrographic global geospatial informationinformation

► 90% of world trade 90% of world trade transported by seatransported by sea

► Access to hydrographic Access to hydrographic informationinformation Knowledge of the physical Knowledge of the physical

nature of the seafloornature of the seafloor Hazards to safe navigationHazards to safe navigation Safety at seaSafety at sea Efficient maritime tradeEfficient maritime trade Efficient maritime Efficient maritime

communicationscommunications Protection of marine Protection of marine

environmentenvironment

Hydrographic global geospatial Hydrographic global geospatial informationinformation

► IssuesIssues Much geographic information in Much geographic information in

areas of regular tradeareas of regular trade Little or no data in many parts of Little or no data in many parts of

the worldthe world Many measurements obtained Many measurements obtained

centuries agocenturies ago

InitiativesInitiatives► International Hydrographic International Hydrographic

Organization encouraged Regional Organization encouraged Regional Hydrographic Commissions to Hydrographic Commissions to work at the regional levelwork at the regional level

CoordinationCoordination ProductionProduction DocumentationDocumentation TrainingTraining ……

http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/news/foto/images/GFZ-Potsdam-PR-20030122-Geoid-Undulation-1250x1250.jpg

Accurate positioningAccurate positioning► GeodesyGeodesy

Accurate surface mappingAccurate surface mapping Earth observation techniquesEarth observation techniques Measuring and mapping the Measuring and mapping the

geometry, orientation and gravity geometry, orientation and gravity field of the Earthfield of the Earth

► Geodetic practiceGeodetic practice Foundation for geographic Foundation for geographic

informationinformation ServesServes

► Surveying, geomatics, mapping and Surveying, geomatics, mapping and navigationnavigation

► Modern geodesyModern geodesy Relies on space technologyRelies on space technology Global navigation Satellite Systems Global navigation Satellite Systems

(GNSS)(GNSS)

Global measurementsGlobal measurements► Global sea level changeGlobal sea level change► Determination of glacio-isostatic Determination of glacio-isostatic

adjustments due to deglaciationadjustments due to deglaciation► Pre- co- and post-seismic Pre- co- and post-seismic

displacement fields associated displacement fields associated with large earthquakeswith large earthquakes

► Early warnings for tsunamis, Early warnings for tsunamis, landslides, earthquakes, and landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptionsvolcanic eruptions

► Deformation and structural Deformation and structural monitoringmonitoring

► Development and coordination by Development and coordination by JB GIS member association, the JB GIS member association, the International Association of International Association of Geodesy (IAG)Geodesy (IAG)

Comprehensive mapping and charting is Comprehensive mapping and charting is paramountparamount

It is complex and demandingIt is complex and demanding

Complex undertaking across international bordersComplex undertaking across international borders

Access importantAccess important

How to market and deliver information?How to market and deliver information?

Security and privacySecurity and privacy

IntegrityIntegrity

Global Geospatial Information capture, Global Geospatial Information capture, measurement, management and measurement, management and

depiction is importantdepiction is important

JB GIS member organisations have been JB GIS member organisations have been involved for many yearsinvolved for many years

Can assist by establishing accurate Can assist by establishing accurate positioning, data collection, positioning, data collection,

management, representations, management, representations, dissemenation and servicesdissemenation and services

Spatially-enabled government and Spatially-enabled government and societysociety► Uses and benefits from Uses and benefits from

wide array of geographic wide array of geographic informationinformation

► Adds location to existing Adds location to existing informationinformation

► Shared, integrated and Shared, integrated and analysedanalysed

► Provides the basis for Provides the basis for value-added servicesvalue-added services

http://fineartamerica.com/featured/mapping-boundaries-anthony-harris.html

Good governanceGood governance► Making better decisions with geographic Making better decisions with geographic

informationinformation► Reducing costs associated with data Reducing costs associated with data

duplicationduplication AustraliaAustralia

► APS200-Location Project - supports government reform and location APS200-Location Project - supports government reform and location enables all of government. enables all of government.

► United States White House Office of Management and Budget - requires United States White House Office of Management and Budget - requires place based information to support any budget requests.place based information to support any budget requests.

► The Geospatial Platform identified by US agencies as critical to the US The Geospatial Platform identified by US agencies as critical to the US National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI).

► Indonesia - NSDI to enable better governance in environment Indonesia - NSDI to enable better governance in environment management and land administration.management and land administration.

► Society expects geographic information from Society expects geographic information from their governmentstheir governments

Responding to natural disastersResponding to natural disasters

► Requires geographic Requires geographic informationinformation

► Rapid responseRapid response► AvailabilityAvailability► Geographic analysisGeographic analysis► Specifying relief Specifying relief

logisticslogistics► Planning for Planning for

reconstructionreconstruction

Potential of shared dataPotential of shared data

Need for international coordination on Need for international coordination on global geospatial information global geospatial information

managementmanagement

Best practiceBest practice

Issues to addressIssues to address► Data sharing enabled by policy agreements and technology;Data sharing enabled by policy agreements and technology;► Adoption of the highly stable International Terrestrial Adoption of the highly stable International Terrestrial

Reference Frame (ITRF) as the datum for all geospatial Reference Frame (ITRF) as the datum for all geospatial information;information;

► Integration of location data in solutions for environmental, Integration of location data in solutions for environmental, security, economic and social issues;security, economic and social issues;

► Utilization of location GIS analysis in evidence-based decision Utilization of location GIS analysis in evidence-based decision making;making;

► Use of visualization and cartographic representation to Use of visualization and cartographic representation to clearly communicate issues and solutions; andclearly communicate issues and solutions; and

► Access to data and answers via web and mobile applications Access to data and answers via web and mobile applications (Apps)(Apps)

Considerations for spatially Considerations for spatially enabling societyenabling society

► educational frameworkeducational framework► technical and institutional development of spatial technical and institutional development of spatial

data managementdata management► development of awareness at all levels of society development of awareness at all levels of society

(citizens institutions and decision-makers)(citizens institutions and decision-makers)► development and applicability of land development and applicability of land

management tools in order to make best use of management tools in order to make best use of spatial dataspatial data

In support of this, the role of JB GIS member In support of this, the role of JB GIS member organisations is to facilitate better global organisations is to facilitate better global outcomes through utilisation of SDIs and outcomes through utilisation of SDIs and delivery of spatially enabled societies. delivery of spatially enabled societies.

This role directly complements the This role directly complements the objectives of UN GGIM initiative. objectives of UN GGIM initiative.

Connected societiesConnected societies

► InteroperabilityInteroperability► Multi-sourced spatial Multi-sourced spatial

data integrationdata integration

InteroperabilityInteroperability

► CommunicateCommunicate► Execute programsExecute programs► Transfer dataTransfer data

► Successful SDISuccessful SDI Interoperability of systems and informationInteroperability of systems and information

InteroperabilityInteroperability

► IssuesIssues Technical Technical Non-technicalNon-technical

egeg►Legal, policy, institutional, socialLegal, policy, institutional, social

Legal interoperability addressed by GEOSS Data Sharing Task

Force

Multi-sourced spatial data Multi-sourced spatial data integrationintegration

► Technical inconsistenciesTechnical inconsistencies FromFrom

► Non-technical aspectsNon-technical aspects► Fragmentation of arrangementsFragmentation of arrangements

SocialSocial LegalLegal politicalpolitical

Development of integrated

datasets is a cultural and institutional

challenge (more than scientific)

Governance and interaction with Governance and interaction with societysociety

► Information managementInformation management► Visualisation and Visualisation and

representationrepresentation► Understanding geographic Understanding geographic

information representationsinformation representations

Information managementInformation management► Requires good governanceRequires good governance► Policy networks transcend territorial boundariesPolicy networks transcend territorial boundaries► Vertical and horizontal interactionsVertical and horizontal interactions

Visualising and representing Visualising and representing geospatial informationgeospatial information

► Geographical visualisationGeographical visualisation► Understanding content of Understanding content of

databasesdatabases eg ICA Commission on Visual Analyticseg ICA Commission on Visual Analytics

Development of tools to interrogate, visualise Development of tools to interrogate, visualise and understand dataand understand data

Understanding spatial Understanding spatial information representationsinformation representations

► ExpertsExperts► PublicPublic

► Best practiceBest practice eg booklet published by the Joint Board of Geospatial eg booklet published by the Joint Board of Geospatial

Information Societies and the United Nations Office for Information Societies and the United Nations Office for Outer Space AffairsOuter Space Affairs

Capacity buildingCapacity building► ResearchResearch► Knowledge transferKnowledge transfer► EducationEducation► OutreachOutreach

Summary of JB GIS capacity building activities:

www.fig.net/jbgis/adhoc/index.htm

ResearchResearch

► Provision, use and exploitation Provision, use and exploitation of geographic informationof geographic information

► EnsuringEnsuring Quality, timeliness, Quality, timeliness,

appropriatenessappropriatenessJB GIS member

organisations offer to undertake

research to support GGIM initiatives

Knowledge transferKnowledge transfer

FIG Africa Task Force Workshop on Proactive Planning for Infrastructure in Peri-Urban Settlements , Mombassa, Kenya 2010

► By JB GIS member associationsBy JB GIS member associations► In collaboration with national In collaboration with national

member organisations, affiliates member organisations, affiliates and industryand industry

► ViaVia Courses, publications, workshopsCourses, publications, workshops

Geographic Information Knowledge network (GSDI Association

initiative):

www.giknetwork.org

EducationEducation► JB GIS member associations JB GIS member associations

champion educationchampion education► From children gaining map From children gaining map

reading skills to experts better reading skills to experts better producing and using geographic producing and using geographic information toolsinformation tools

International Hydrographic Organisation CAT 'B' course, at national Institute of Hydrography, Goa, India

OutreachOutreach► Outreach and technology transferOutreach and technology transfer► WorkshopsWorkshops► PublicationsPublications

► JB GIS communityJB GIS community provide outreach programmes and resources on a provide outreach programmes and resources on a

volunteer basis, supported by national member volunteer basis, supported by national member organisations and national mapping agenciesorganisations and national mapping agencies

Importance of one voiceImportance of one voice► ‘‘Collective’ voiceCollective’ voice► JB GISJB GIS

Foster collaborationFoster collaboration EngagementEngagement Multidisciplinary skillsMultidisciplinary skills KnowledgeKnowledge Support to UN GGIM via coordinated JBGIS Support to UN GGIM via coordinated JBGIS

activitiesactivities

SummarySummary► Importance of geospatial informationImportance of geospatial information► Spatially-enabled government and societySpatially-enabled government and society► Connected societies. Challenges are beyond Connected societies. Challenges are beyond

individual organisations.individual organisations.► Governance and interactions with societyGovernance and interactions with society► Capacity building (including capacity assessment Capacity building (including capacity assessment

and capacity development)and capacity development) Research;Research; Knowledge transfer;Knowledge transfer; Education; andEducation; and OutreachOutreach

► The importance of a united voiceThe importance of a united voice

Potential of shared dataPotential of shared data

Need for international coordination on Need for international coordination on global geospatial information global geospatial information

managementmanagement

Best practiceBest practice

The JB GIS, through its member associations The JB GIS, through its member associations offers to contribute actively to the work of offers to contribute actively to the work of

the UN GGIM and to take action as the UN GGIM and to take action as necessary as a result of the Committee’s necessary as a result of the Committee’s

deliberations.deliberations.