26th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2009)

483

Service-Oriented Integrated Information Framework for Next Generation Intelligent Construction Supply Chain Management

Tae-Hong Shin 1, Sangyoon Chin2, Su-Won Yoon 3, Yea-Sang Kim 4, Soon-Wook Kwon5 and Cheolho Choi 6 1 Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 400-746, S. Korea ; PH (82)31-290-7578; FAX (82)31-290-7570 ; e-mail:cmcic@skku.edu 2 Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 400-746, S. Korea ; PH (82)31-290-7578; FAX (82)31-290-7570 ; e-mail:schin@skku.edu (Corresponding Author) 3 Doalltech Co., Ltd, DMC Hi-Tech Industry Center 1580, Sangam-Dong, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, Korea 121-835 ; PH (82)2-555-9779; FAX (82)2-5555-886 ; e-mail:yoonsuwon@doalltech.com 4 Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 400-746, S. Korea ; PH (82)31-290-7578; FAX (82)31-290-7570 ; e-mail:yeakim@skku.edu 5 Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 400-746, S. Korea ; PH (82)31-290-7578; FAX (82)31-290-7570 ; e-mail:swkwon@skku.edu 6 Doalltech Co., Ltd, DMC Hi-Tech Industry Center 1580, Sangam-Dong, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, Korea 121-835 ; PH (82)2-555-9779; FAX (82)2-5555-886 ; e-mail:choi@doalltech.com

Abstract

It is essential to perform an effective construction supply chain management in large-scale building construction projects. Since 2006, this research consortium has conducted a research project, named Next generation Intelligent Construction Supply chain management (NICS), that develops a process and a system that support an proactive construction supply chain management in real time by taking advantage of ubiquitous sensor network(USN) and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies. In this project, ‘next generation’ means using USN/RFID technology to improve the current process of construction supply chain management, while ‘intelligent’ means that equipments, such as pallet, trailer, hoist, and gate, can recognize components or material that they carry or hold and communicate the information with other equipments or actors involved by using USN/RFID. This paper focuses on building an information framework that can support real time information sharing and exchange among different legacy systems operated by general contractors and suppliers as well as among equipments and actors involved. Without the information framework, information related to construction supply chain cannot be managed effectively and efficiently in the NICS environment. In the logistics industry, many researchers proposed that loosely coupled system architecture on the basis of service oriented architecture (SOA) could be a solution with providing expandability and flexibility in exchanging and sharing information among heterogeneous and geographically dispersed information systems. Based on the idea on SOA, the objective of this paper is to develop an integrated information framework and a system to support the NICS environment, where USN/RFID technologies are used, by utilizing the SOA concept. Additionally this paper describe the identification of services and information model for developing SOA based NICS environment, and include the introduction of being developed a prototype system as well.

Keywords: Information Management, SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), Supply Chain Management, Logistics, Information Technology, Construction Management

Introduction

With the current construction industry practices aiming at building larger, super-tall structures, many new approaches are being made to ensure effective construction management, including applications of new management techniques and incorporations of IT technologies. Efficient logistics management in the construction of mega-tall buildings, in particular, is considered an essential factor that leads to a successful project. Recognizing the importance of such, wide spectrums of studies have been conducted on automated logistics management that involves the shift in paradigms in logistics management (e.g., JIT, SCM) and the

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use of cutting-edge IT technologies such as bar cords and RFID (Chin et al. 2005;Jaselskis 2003). Recently, logistics management in the construction industry is leaving the past’s site-based delivery and release management approach for a more comprehensive system that takes care of the entire supply chain, covering orders of building materials, production, release, delivery, hoisting/heavy equipment handling, placement and installation. The expansion of the management scope is requiring all project participants, including suppliers, to adopt a new environment where all players share and co-manage necessary information on a real-time basis to guarantee successful operations. This is seen as a departure from the conventional information-processing systems that are site-or contractor-centered in nature (Chin et al. 2008). Despite the state-of-the-art technologies being adopted, the supply chain-based information management approach relies heavily on manual work, which leads to the omission or fallacy of information that contributes to the breakage in the information flow or damage to reliability due to errors in information. Other problems with the supply chain management based on the use of bar cords, RFID and other IT gadgets include difficulties in collecting and utilizing relevant information because of: (a) differences in the level of informatization by the contractor(s), the sub-contractors and the suppliers; and (b) their lack of clear understanding of the information systems or inexperience with handling such systems.

IT technologies are steadily evolving and making progress, offering varieties of techniques and possibilities. Ubiquitous sensor network (USN), in particular, is being brought closer to users, thereby suggesting various opportunities in the collection and management of information in the construction industry.

Since 2006, this research consortium has conducted a research project, named Next generation Intelligent Construction Supply chain management (NICS), that develops a process and a system that support an proactive construction supply chain management in real time by taking advantage of ubiquitous sensor network(USN) and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies. The aim of the project is to solve problems associated with evolution of the technologies, errors made in collecting information, differences in the level of informatization shown by project-participating parties, and additional work that may become necessary to complete gathering of information. In this project, ‘next generation’ means using USN/RFID technology to improve the current process of construction supply chain management, while ‘intelligent’ means that equipments, such as pallet, trailer, hoist, and gate, can recognize components or material that they carry or hold and communicate the information with other equipments or actors involved by using USN/RFID. In other words, the NICS project is an initiative to establish an intelligent construction supply chain management (CSCM) environment where equipment, which used to be regarded as a mere vehicle to transport materials from places to places on the CSCM process, is endowed with intelligence so that they can recognize material information and can transmit and share information with other equipment via wireless networks. For instance, when a construction material such as plaster boards is manufactured at a factory and boxed, with an RFID tag attached to the box, the intelligent pallet is fed with the name of the material to allow for the release of the item. Then, the pallet reads the RFID tag and automatically recognizes the information. To release the materials whose information is loaded in the pallet, an approach is made to the intelligent trailer. Next, the Zigbee communication enables the recognition of the materials that have been loaded onto transportation for carriage and verifies whether or not correct items have been loaded for transport. Additionally, when the intelligent trailer approaches the GateSensor, the device will determine whether or not the planned materials are being released as scheduled.

As mentioned above, the present authors are developing wide varieties of supporting equipment, e.g., intelligent pallet, intelligent trailer, GateSensor (Lee et al. 2008), and intelligent hoist, as well as the systems that will effectively accommodate the automated CSCM environment. To ensure the establishment of the environment, a number of activities are being required, including the development of equipment and systems and various interfaces between equipment, between equipment and servers, or between servers and the existing legacy system. Considering in particular the industry-specific characteristics of substantial non-formality, the information management systems or solutions are called for that will be able to effectively support integration within each project or between multi-stakeholders.

Therefore, the present authors proposed a service-based integrated information framework whose features have been described earlier, and accordingly conducted processes to verify the efficacy of the framework by materializing a prototype system.

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The proposal of SOA based NICS Environment

In order to see the aforementioned SOA concept being effectively applied to the intelligent CSCM environment, i.e., NICS, the strategies must be designed in such a way that they are able to support the CSCM life cycle between factories and sites as an integrated whole. Based on this application strategy, Figure 4 below shows an SOA-based NICS environment — an example of service infrastructure concepts that organize intelligent equipment’s use and inter-equipment communication interface on the construction supply chain management process into services, as they concern interaction between factories and sites.

Figure 4. SOA-based NICS Environment

Service Design for building SOA base NICS environment

The service, a core component of the SOA-based environment to be established, is defined as a re-usable service in atomic form and is the smallest unit that executes loosely-coupled interface functions. Therefore, an essential question in building the SOA-based framework is how smoothly the service can be subtracted from the system.

To answer one of the questions posed in this study, i.e., to design services that are universally applicable to an intelligent CSCM environment, the present authors: (a) analyzed the process wherein intelligent equipment are mobilized and operated in the NICS environment; (b) identified the functions needed to support the process; and (c) grouped some of the functions that can be identified as being atomic and that show similar characteristics into “partitions.” The services thus defined based on the aforementioned process are represented in the service component model in Figure 5’s UML component diagram. As indicated in the legend at the bottom of the right-hand side of the diagram, the model consists of “components,” “ports,” and “expose interfaces,” with “dependency” referring to the link or relationship between the components.

The total number of the organized services was 25, of which 11 partitions were formed by grouping the ones with similar characteristics. Taking a closer look at each of the partitions, main features are summarized as follows: Code Mgmt Service Partition manages the NICS-operated codes; Planning Service Partition manages the schedule software programs (e.g., primavera, msproject), PMIS/ERP, and interfaces as related to material supply planning; Order Service Partition supports material-ordering processes; Delivery Service Partition handles material transport and electronic invoicing; Quality Service Partition supports quality testing at factories and sites; Progress Service Partition helps identify the status and process of intelligent equipment use; Notification Service Partition supports the notification activities between stakeholders (project participants); Communication Service Partition supports the read/write activities of

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