Session 4: Post-disaster Damage and Need Assessment

الأضرار بعد الكوارث وتقييم الاحتياجات

Prepared by

Husam Al-Najar

The Islamic University of Gaza- Higher Studies Deanery

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Management

(MMCD 6305)

Effect and impact of disaster

Immediate Effects (DAMAGES)

· Destruction of physical assets · Occurrence at time of natural event · Measured in physical units and a replacement value الاستبدال قيمة · E.g. housing units; hospital, school & contents; agricultural lands silted; drainage & irrigation system eroded; roads & bridges; ports & airports; water supply system; electrical system

Medium Term Effects (LOSSES)

· Changes in economic flows · Occur for a relatively long period · Expressed in current values · Production losses in agriculture, fishery, livestock, industry, commerce, tourism; · Higher operational costs · Higher cost in provision of social services

Overview of post disaster assessment الكوارثنظرة عامة على التقييم بعد

Assessments do not fall within the category of ‘one-size fits all’ الجميع يناسب واحد مقاس , nor

are they a sure way to uncover the ‘truth’ الحقيقة كشف .

At best, they provide decision-makers

with important information on which to

base programming decisions.

At worst, they misrepresent problems and

opportunities, leading to wasted resources

and unsatisfactory interventions.

There have been as many different approaches to assessment as there have been

disasters. In actual disaster situations, there is ample evidence وافرة أدلة of areas being

assessed and re-assessed leading to a situation known as ‘assessment fatigue’.

PDNA (Post Disaster Needs Assessment) and related guidance are a joint effort by the

UN system, World Bank and European Commission, in support of governments, in

furtherance of a series of institutional agreements on post-crisis cooperation.

A Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) encompasses تشمل two perspectives

The valuation of physical damages and

economic losses through the Damage

and Loss assessment (DALA)

The identification of human recovery

needs based on information obtained

from the affected population through the

Human Recovery Needs Assessment

(HRNA).

These perspectives are integrated into a single assessment process to support the

identification and selection of response options covering recovery interventions from

early- to long term recovery in a Recovery Framework (RF).

How the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) helps

comprehensive human recovery

needs that reflect:

• The consequences of a disaster

– economic, social, institutional,

political, etc.

• The perspectives of affected

populations and key

stakeholders

• A strong emphasis on disaster

risk reduction

The PDNA facilitates the meaningful integration of multi-sectoral assessments into

a single, consolidated report on:

Physical and other

developmental

impacts

economic values of the

damages and losses

Key Steps in the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) process:

1. Partner Consultation الشركاء تشاور

a. This Consultation can be initiated by the Government or by one of the partners of the

international coalition of WB/ EU/ UN

b. The Consultation should be between the Leading Government Representatives, including

the designated Ministries المحددة الوزارات , United Nations Resident Coordinator/Humanitarian

Coordinator (RC/ HC) الإنسانية الشؤون منسق / المقيم المتحدة الأمم منسق , WB Country Director/Manager

and the EU Head of Delegation

2. Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) Planning Mission

a. Stakeholder Engagement المشاركة المصلحة أصحاب

b. Agreement on PDNA Scope and Objectives

c. Analyzing existing information

d. Rapid Assessment/ Reconnaissance for Gap-filling استطلاع

e. Agreement on Recovery Sectors

f. Agreement on assessment methods, instruments and sampling

g. Identification of Resource Requirements (human, logistical, financial)

3. Formation of the (PDNA) Team and the Sectoral Teams

4. Training of the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) Team

5. Damage and Loss Assessments (DALA) at the Field level

6. Detailed Assessment by quantification الكميات تحديد of sectoral damages and

losses; aggregation of the sectoral effects القطاعية الآثار تجميع ; analysis of the disaster

impacts on the growth of the economy, household level, personal level enterprises; and

estimates of the financing required to address these impacts. This not only estimates the

costs of building back what was destroyed and replacing what was lost, but also includes

aspects of increasing resilience through structural and non-structural measures الهيكلية التدابير

الهيكلية وغير to mitigate the impact of natural hazards.

Detailed Assessment:

• The detailed assessment of disaster effects begins with the quantification of damage

and losses at the sector level, domestic level المحلي المستوى , micro, small, medium and

large enterprises level. An aggregation of this enables the quantification of total

damage and losses for the entire affected area or country.

• Once these total effects have been determined, ensuring no double accounting and

comprehensiveness, an analysis of disaster impact at all levels is conducted on the

growth of the economy, the external sector and the, fiscal budget المالية الميزانية that

may have a bearing on the country’s ability to recover on its own.

• Changes or modifications to domestic public policies that the national government

may adopt to facilitate recovery are also identified and estimations of reconstruction

are made. Whenever it is found necessary, the analysis may include the estimation of

external assistance requirements that may be provided by the international

community to the affected country.

• In addition, a calendar to achieve full recovery and reconstruction is defined that takes

into consideration existing domestic capacities and availability of financial resources,

from early to longer-term recovery, including reconstruction and management of future

disaster risk.

HUMAN RECOVERY NEEDS ASSESSMENTS (HRNA)

• The HRNA reflects the concerns and priorities of disaster-affected individuals and

stakeholders to recover their full potential and to lead productive, creative lives

according to their needs, rights and interests.

• In addition to baseline data, the HRNA assessment approaches often include the

collection and analysis of primary data from household or similar unit of analysis

surveys, focus groups, key informants للمعلومات الرئيسية المصادر and other combined

quantitative and qualitative approaches.

For example, whereas the DALA will estimate the cost to rebuild a school, HRNA will address those measures required to ensure the re-enrolment of children, the proper placement of teachers, and related (often multi-year) social mobilization efforts required to promote an enabling environment for the education of all children.

Summary of the Assessment Process

Post-Disaster Needs • Needs are defined as the requirements for overcoming negative disaster impacts and

reducing future disaster risk • Financial requirements must be estimated based on damages and losses • Disaggregated by sector (economic, social), geopolitical divisions and affected

population (women, children, elderly) • Needs for recovery • Needs for reconstruction

Recovery Needs

• Immediate-, medium- and long-term requirements • Macro- economy, household, personal • Interventions by central, local and private sector entities

Reconstruction Needs

• Funds required • Build Back Better: disaster resilient construction standards; improved quality for social

services and infrastructure • Technology improvement for production

• Multi-annual inflation when required

Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) Deliverables

The PDNA process will lead to the production of the following deliverables:

Lessons relevant to the assessment process, in general, and, in particular, the

use/generation of assessment tools and outputs. The lessons will provide critical input to

the ongoing global effort to continuously improve the PDNA practice.

One consolidated government-owned set of sector reports (one per

sector) representing the dual perspectives of valuation of damage

and loss, and human recovery needs while ensuring adequate focus

is paid to key cross-cutting themes in recovery.

Recovery framework, presenting the early, medium and long-term recovery needs

in the order of priority, cost, time line and the actors most likely to be involved in

such recovery activities.

CASE SCENARIO PDNA SUMMARY REPORT

FLOODS IN TIMALYA

TSUNAMI IN SARANYA

NOTES: 1. Indirect loss estimates particularly in tourism and livelihoods are not robust. 2. Reconstruction costs in some sectors are higher than damages because (a) some partially damaged houses will need to be fully rebuilt because the original islands are not livable anymore; and (b) new environmental standards apply to new facilities. 3. Medium term covers the period from 6 to 36 months. 4. A financing need differ from reconstruction costs because certain losses may be covered by insurance and financial resources available to owners. 5. preliminary estimates