sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[ioÆ esDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn · Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[io e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\ sf7df8f}+

$Page 1: sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[ioÆ esDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn · Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[io e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\ sf7df8f}+$

of] k':ts æUff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[ioÆ e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn (NSET) åf/f tof/kf/L k|sfzg ul/Psf] xf] .

Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\

Post - Gorkha EarthquakeScenario of Kathmandu Valley

;fydf

efO{rfsf] cg'ej

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[io

e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn3/–^%, CR–!#, ;}+a' cfjf;, e}+;]kf6L, nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf–@%, g]kfn

kf]=a= g+= !#&&%, sf7df8f}+, g]kfnkmf]g g+=M -(&&–!_ %%(!))), km\ofS; g+=M -(&&–!_ %%(@^(@

O–d]nM [email protected], j]a ;fO6M www.nset.org.np

Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[io

e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn

kl/b[Zosf n]vsx?>L/fdl;+x a:g]t8f= cfdf]b dl0f bLlIft

k'g/fjnf]sgM;"o{ gf/fo0f >]i78f= /d]z u'/fufO{+;"o{eQm ;fFuf5]ljhos[i0f pkfWofou0f]z s'df/ lhdLv8\u ;]g cf]nLlxdf >]i7;"o{ k|;fb cfrfo{

;fdu|L ;+sng ;xof]udxfgGb ltdlN;gf/fds[i0f zdf{ck/flhtf uf}td

k|sfzse"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o;dfh–g]kfn (NSET)

k|yd ;+:s/0f -;g\ @)!*_#,))) k|lt

k|sfzg\ >[+vnfNSET-122-2018

cfj/0f t:jL/e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o;dfh–g]kfn (NSET)

snf ;+of]hgrGbg Wjh /fgf du/

© ;jf{lwsf/M e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfndf ;'/lIft

o; k':tsdf n]lvPsf j[QfGt lj=;+= @)&@ df g]kfndf uPsf] e"sDkdf cfwfl/t sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf]dfq kl/b[Zo xf] . o; kl/b[Zosf] d"n p2]Zo e"sDkLo hf]lvdaf/] r]tgf clej[l4 ug'{ tyf e"sDkLo

;'/Iffsf nflu k"j{tof/Lsf] cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg' dfq xf] . o; afx]s cGo s'g} k|of]hgdf o; e"sDkLokl/b[Zosf] pkof]u gul/of];\– ul/Pdf o;sf n]vs / k|sfzs lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5}gg\ .

o; k':tsdf k|of]u ePsf t:aL/x? e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfnaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf / s]xLt:aL/ u}/ gfkmfd"ns k|of]hgsf nflu ljleGg ;|f]taf6 ;fef/ ul/Psf 5g\ . k|sfzs ;+:yf tL ;|f]t

k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 .

e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn (NSET)

s[kof Wofg lbg'xf];\ Û

v



lsg n]lvof] e"sDkLo kl/b[Zo

e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh g]kfn -Pg;]6_ n] lj;+ @)%% df klxnf] k6s …sf7df8f}+pkTosfsf] e"sDkLo kl/b[ZoÚ tof/ u/]sf] xf] . sf7df8f}+ pkTosf e"sDkLo hf]lvdJoj:yfkg cfof]hgfsf] Ps cª\usf ?kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] pQm kl/b[Zo ;Defljt k|fs[ltsljkb\dfly s]lGb|t /xL n]lvPsf] blIf0f Pl;ofs} klxnf] k|of; lyof] . pQm kl/b[Zo lj=;+=!(() sf] h:tf] sDkg km]l/ bf]xl/Pdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf hgwg, ef}lts ;+/rgf /;fdflhs hLjgdf s:tf] c;/ kg{;Snf eGg] ljifodf s]lGb|t lyof] .

sf7df8f}+ leqsf ljleGg ;]jfk|bfos lgsfox?;Fusf] ;fIffTsf/af6 k|fKt hfgsf/L, Pg;]6/ lhof]xfhf8;{\ OG6/g]zgnn] u/]sf cg';Gwfg / n]vsLo kl/sNkgfdf cfwfl/t eO{ pQmkl/b[Zo n]lvPsf] lyof] . dxfe"sDk uPsf] nuQ}, Ps 306fkl5, ef]lnkN6, Ps xKtf kl5,Ps dlxgf kl5, 5 dlxgf kl5 / Ps jif{ kl5 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf kg{;Sg] k|efj / b]lvg];Defjgf /x]sf b[Zodf cfwfl/t pQm kl/b[Zosf] d'Vo p2]Zo pkTosfjf;Lx?df e"sDkLohf]lvdk|lt hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug{' / gLlt lgdf{tfx?df e"sDkLo hf]lvdk|lt k"j{tof/Lsf];hutf ckgfpg k|]l/t ug{' /x]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL kl/b[ZonfO{ cfwf/ dfgL sf7df8f}+ pkTosfe"sDkLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf ;d]t tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] lyof] .

klxnf] kl/b[Zo tof/ kf/]sf] sl/j @) jif{kl5 Pg;]6n] k'gM e"sDkLo kl/b[Zo tof/ u/]sf]5 . of] kl/b[Zo lj;+ @)&@ sf] uf]/vf e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf kf/]sf] c;/df cfwfl/t5 . klxnf] kl/b[Zo cg';Gwfg / s]xL cg'dfgdf cfwfl/t lyof] eg] of] kl/b[Zo oyfy{dfcfwfl/t 5 . klxnf] kl/b[Zos} z}nL / ;+/rgfdf tof/ ul/Psf] o; kl/b[Zon] @)&@ j}zfvsf]ljgfzsf/L e"sDkdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq s:tf] c;/ kf/]sf] lyof] eGg] tTsfnLg emnslbG5 . of] kl/b[Zodf plNnlvt ljj/0f ljleGg cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf k|sflzt ;fdu|L, g]kfn;/sf/nufot ljleGg lgsfosf k|ltj]bgx? / n]vsLo cg'ejdf cfwfl/t 5 . klxnf] kl/b[Zotof/ ubf{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf tTsfn ;fFlRrs} s'g} e"sDkn] c;/ kf/]sf] cj:yf lyPg,To;}n] cg[';Gwfg, kl/sNkgf / cg'dfgnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] eg] of] kl/b[Zosf7df8f}+ pkTosfn] ef]u]sf] ;fFlRrs} e"sDksf] oyfy{df cfwfl/t 5, t;y{ o;df kl/sNkgf/ cg'dfgnfO{ s'g} :yfg lbOPsf] 5}g .

e"sDkn] s'g} klg :yfgsf] ef}lts :j?knfO{ dfq xf]Og ToxFf a;f]af; ug]{ JolQm, kl/jf// ;d'bfonfO{ s] s:tf] c;/ kfg{ ;S5 eGg] a'emfpg Ps sfNklgs kfq …efO{rfÚ nfO{dfWod agfOPsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf] Ps /}yfg] ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf] rl/qlgjf{x ug]{ efO{rf Pg;]6n] tof/ kf/]sf] b'j} e"sDkLo kl/b[Zodf pkl:yt 5 / e"sDkLohf]lvdaf6 ;'/lIft ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0fdf ;dlk{t 5 .

of] kl/b[Zo tof/ ug{'sf] d'Vo p2]Zo uf]/vf e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf kf/]sf] c;/nfO{zAb, tl:a/ / /]vflrqsf] dfWodaf6 lr/sfn;Dd :d/0fdf /fVg' / eljiodf ljleGg If]qaf6ul/g] e"sDkLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|of;nfO{ ;3fpg' xf] . of] kl/b[Zo tof/ kfg]{ dxTjk"0f{sfo{df of]ubfg ug{'x'g] ;a}k|lt Pg;]6 cfef/L 5 .

e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh g]kfn (NSET)

u




Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[ioPost - Gorkha Earthquake Scenario of Kathmandu Valley

@)&@ j}zfv !@ ut] zlgaf/

tTsfnsf] b[io

udL{sf] ofd 5 . t/ laxfg} b]lv df};dw'lDdPsf]n] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfjf;Ln] cfhTolt w]/} udL{ dx;'; ul//x]sf 5}gg\ .zlgaf/sf] lbg ePsfn] clwsfFz dflg;x?k'm;{bsf] dgl:yltdf 5g\ . ljBfyL{x? k9ghfg gkg]{ lbg ePsfn] / sd{rf/Lx? klgsfddf hfg gkg]{ ePsfn] sf]xL g'xfO{ w'jfO{dfJo:t 5g\ eg] sf]xL /dfOnf]df d:t 5g\ .ljbfsf] lbg c? lbgeGbf l9nf vfgf vfg]x?ef~5fsf]7fdf 5g\, sf]xL vfO{;s]/ cf/fdul//x]sf 5g\ .

lbgsf] !! ah]/ %^ ldg]6sf] ;dodf crfgsdflg;x?n] cfk"m al;/x]sf] 7fpF hf]8n]xlNnPsf] dx;'; u/] . To;}a]nf pkTosfsf]

pQ/– klZrd lbzftkm{af6s]xL cgf}7f] lsl;dsf] cfjfhcfPsf] klg sltn] ofb u/] .;'?df s]xL If0f ;Dd t s;}n]klg s] ePsf] eGg] 7Dofpg;s]gg\ t/ wSsf lgs} hf]8sf]ePsf] / cfk'm c;Gt'lnt x'gk'u]sf]n] ;a}nfO{ e"sDk g}cfPsf] xf] eGg] olsg eof]/ cflQb} efUg yfn] .afnaflnsfx? ?Fb} bf}l8P eg]dlxnf, k'?if, a[4a[4f, czQmx? klg ;'/lIft 7fpFsf] vf]hLdf cflQb}, s/fpFb} lgl:sP .

e"sDk cfpFbf s] ug'{k5{, s] ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg]1fg ePsf dflg;x?n] w]/} xf]; k'¥ofP . h:t}s;}n] UofF; r'nf] lgefP/ dfq aflx/ lgl:sP,l6eL x]l//x]sfx? l6eL aGb u/]/ lgl:sP,sf]xL 6]and'gL l5/] . t/ o:tf] 1fg gePsfx?

e"sDksf] wSsfsf] sf/0fdflg;x? ;'/lIft:yfgdf hDdfePsf] cj:yf

efO{rf-Ps sfNklgs kfqsf] cg'ej_@)&@ j}zfv !@ ut] zlgjf/,

dWofGx, sf7df8f}+

!



/ 1fg eP/ klg Toltv]/ x]Ssf /fVg g;Sg]x?n]eg] Iflt Joxf]g'{ k¥of] . o;qmddf s;}n]em\ofn jf afb{nLaf6 xfd kmfNbf v'6\6f efFr]eg] s;}n] e¥ofª\af6 v'd{'l/+bf xft efFr] .b/fhdf /x]sf ;fdfgx? v;]/ e'O{e/L 5/k:6eP eg] sltko b/fh g} 9Nbf yk Ifltx'guof] .

e"sDksf] zlQmzfnL wSsfn] w]/} ;+/rgfx?eTsfPsfn] To;sf] s'O/L d08n w'nf]n]jftfj/0f 9fSg yfNof] . lgd]ife/d} slt 3/9nL ;s] eg], slt dflg;x? 3/leq RoflKkP,slt lg:;fl;P .

efu]/ h;f]t;f] v'Nnf 7fpFdf k'Ug ;kmnePsf dflg;x?sf v'6\6f 8/n] sfFkL/x]sf5g\ . cfkm\gf] glhs} rf}/ jf ;'/lIft v'nf7fpF e]6\g g;Sg]x? /ge'Nndf k/] . pgLx?sxfF hfg], s] ug]{ eGg] e]p kfpg g;sL emg\al9 cflQP . cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox?/ :jhgx? ;s'zn /x] g/x]sf] yfxf kfpg;a} cft'/ 5g\ .

e"sDk cfPsf] t kSsf eof] t/ o;sf]s]Gb|ljGb' sxFf xf] / slt Ifdtfsf] sDkgeof] eGg]af/] tTsfn cflwsfl/s hfgsf/LkfOPg . To;}n] cg]sf}+ c8sn\afhL rln/x]. w]/}h;f]n] /;'jf jf g'jfsf]6df o;sf] s]Gb|ljGb'x'g ;S5 eGg] cg'dfg u/] eg] of] e"sDklj;+ !(() sf] dxfe"sDk hlQs} zlQmzfnLx'g'k5{ eGg] cGbfh kfsf pd]/sf dflg;x?n]nufP .

dWofGx !@ ah]sf] ;dfrf/ k|zf/0f ug{' kg]{/]l8of] / 6]lnlehg k|;f/0f ;+:yfx?nfO{ lgs}7"nf] r'gf}tL cfO{k¥of] . ;dfrf/ eGg cf–cfkm\gf]:6'l8of] leq kl;;s]sf ;dfrf/jfrsx?cfkm\gf] sfo{sIf hf]8n] xlNng yfn] kl5cGof}ndf k/] . e"sDksf] wSsfn] :6'l8of]leqsf];dfrf/jfrg sIf nyfln+u eof] eg] e"sDkhfgf;fy ljB't aGb ePsf]n] ;d:of ylkof]. sltko ;dfrf/jfrs ;dfrf/ eGg]tkm{gnfu]/ :6'l8of] aflx/ efu] eg] s]xLn] w}o{wf/0f u/L ;dfrf/ eg] . t/ ;dfrf/dfe/v/}sf] e"sDkaf/] :ki6 hfgsf/L lbg ;lsg]cj:yf lyPg . e"sDkn] xNnfpg yfn] kl5;a}hgf 3/ aflx/ efu]sfn] !@ ah] /]l8of]/ 6]lnlehgn] s] ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f u/] eGg]af/];j{;fwf/0fn] x]Ssf /fVg ;s]gg\ .

xftdf df]afOn kmf]g lnPsf dflg;x? oqtq5g\ . t/ kmf]g nflu/x]sf] 5}g . zlgjf/sf]lbg k/]sf]n] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf c? lbgeGbf;jf/L rfk sd 5 . t/ klg e"sDksf]zlQmzfnL wSsfn] ;jf/L ;fwg xfFsL /x]sf/ To;df ofqf ul//x]sf ofq'x? c;d~h;dfk/] . ;jf/L ;fwg c;Gt'lnt ePsf]df sltn]cfkm\gf] ;fwgdf s]xL ;d:of cfPsf] xf] lseGg] ;f]r], sltn] ;8snfO{ bf]if lbP . t/jf:tljstf cs}{ lyof] . of] jf:tljstfsf]e]p kfpg] ;jf/L rfnsx?n] eg] ;fjwfgLk"j{s cfkm\gf] ;fwgnfO{ 5]p nufO{ cfk'm ;'/lIft7fpFdf a;] . w]/}h;f] df]6/;fOsnx? c;Gt'lnteO{ n8] . 8\o"6Ldf sfo{/t 6«flkms k|x/Lx?cndndf kl//x]sf b]lvP .

efO{rfnfO{ cfh km';{b lyof] . To;}n] vfgf vfO ;s]kl5pm ux'F afnL x]g{ cfkm\gf] v]tlt/ hfg] t/v/ ub}{ lyof] .To:t}df crfgs p;nfO{ l/ª\u6f nfu] h:tf] eof] .p;nfO{ 3/sf] sf]7f g} 3'dfPsf] cg'ej eof] . Psl5gkl5g} p;sf 6f]nsf dflg;x? lrRofpFb}, cflQb} 3/ aflx/efuefu ug{ yfn] . To;kl5 pm klg s/fpFb} 3/ aflx/lgl:sof] .

p;n] s]xL jif{ klxn] cfkm}+n] cg'ej u/]sf] e'O{+rfnf];lDemof], h;df p;n] cfkm\gf] afa' / kTgL u'dfPsf] lyof]eg] p;sf] klxnfsf] 3/ Wj:t ePsf] lyof] . Tof] e'O{+rfnf]n]p;sf] dfq xf]Og, w]/}sf] hLjgdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g NofOlbPsf]lyof] . To;}n] clxn] e/v/} cfPsf] e'O{+rfnf]n] klg p;nfO{lgs} cTofof] . t/ p;sf] clxn]sf] 3/ e'O{+rfnf]sf]hf]lvdnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ agfPsf]n] 3/ elTsb}g eGg]p;sf] ljZjf; 5 . lsgls p;sf] k'/fgf] 3/ klxnfsf]e'O{+rfnf]df k/]/ Wj:t eO{ afa'sf] ;d]t To;}df k'l/P/

tTsfnsf] cg'ej3/ alnof] ePsf]n] efO{rfsf] kl/jf/ hf]luof]

@

s



g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/sf] ?kdf /x]sf]w/x/f 6'qmf eP/ klZrdtkm{ 9Nof] eg] h:sf]gfdaf6 sf7df8f}+sf] gfdfs/0f ePsf] xf],Tof] k|Voft k|frLg sfi7d08k w/f;foL eof]. j;Gtk'/, nlntk'/, eQmk'/ b/jf/ If]qsfP]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfx? gi6 eP . 6'Fl8v]nsf]klZrdtkm{sf] k|j]zåf/ -/fHofleif]s åf/_sf7df8f}+ dn cuf8Lsf] ;8sdf uNn{Dd9Nof] . lqk'/]Zj/ rf]sdf /x]sf] >L % lqe'jgsf];flnsnfO{ 3]/]/ agfOPsf] n7\7f k"/} 9Nof]t/ ;flns eg] hf]luof] .

sxfF sxfF slt Iflt eof] eGg] cg'dfg jfcfFsng ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt clxn] st} klg5}g .

yfgsf]6sf] lqe'jg kfs{, uf]bfj/L kfs{,ah|of]lugL, ah|af/fxL, hx/l;+x kf}jf,blIf0fsfnL, ssgL cflb :yfgdf jgef]hdf/dfO{ /x]sf ;of}+ dflg;x?aLr sf]nfxndlRrof] . x]bf{x]b}{ slt 3/ 9n], slt 9Ng]cj:yfdf k'u] . ;a} cflQPsf 5g\ . k6sk6s hldg xlNn/x]sf]n] dflg;x? emg\ w]/}8/fO/x]sf 5g\ . sl/j Ps ldg]6sf] sDkgn]sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] k"/} kl/b[io sxfnLnfUbf]agfO{ lbof] . hf]8;Fu cfPsf] klxnf] wSsfsf]:ki6 cg'ej ePsf] sl/j #$ ldg]6 kl5cyf{t\ !@=#) ah] km]l/ bf];|f] wSsf cfof] .dflg;x?aLr km]l/ sf]nfxn dlRrof] .

d[To' ePkl5 p;n] e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh g]kfn-Pg;]6_ af6 e"sDk k|lt/f]wL lgdf{0f k|ljlw ;DaGwL8sdL{ tflnd lnO cfkm}+ cl3 ;/]/ ejg ;+lxtfsf]kfngf u/L gofF 3/ agfPsf] lyof] . To;}n] cfhsf]e'O{+rfnf]n] p;sf] gofF 3/nfO{ gf]S;fg ub}{g eGg]s'/fdf pm 9'Ss lyof] .

t/ 8sdL{ tflnd lnPkl5 p;n] cfkm\gf] dfq xf]Og c?w]/} 3/ / :s'n ejgx? klg lgdf{0f u/]sf]lyof] . clxn] tL s] eP xf]nfg\ eGg] v'Nb'nL p;sf]dgdf nfUg yfNof] . t/ e'O{+rfnf]n] k6sk6s xNnfO{/x]sf]n] st} hfg ;Sg] l:ylt lyPg . To;}n] pm 3/b]lv s]xL k/sf] ;8sdf al;/x]sf] 5, c? ;of}+l5d]sLx?;Fu} . glhs} v'nf rf}/ st} gePsfn]dflg;x? ;8sd} y'lk|Psf 5g\ .

;a} cflQ/x]sf 5g\ . w'nf]n] jftfj/0f 9fls/x]sf]5 . p;n] o:tf] e'O{+rfnf]sf] cg'ej klxnf klgul/;s]sf]n] c?nfO{ gcflQg, 3/leq gk:g, v'nf7fpFmdf cfkm\gf kl/jf/;Fu;Fu} a:g ;Nnfx lbO/x]sf]5 .

zlgjf/ ePsf]n] p;sf 5f]/f, a'xf/L, 5f]/L klg 3/d}lyP . pgLx? klg cflQb}+ v'nf ;8sd} cfO{k'u] .

#

v



Ps 306fkl5

hgdfg;sf] cj:yf

lbgsf] ! aHof] . oltv]/;Dd 3/leqkmF;]sfafx]s ;a}h;f] dflg;x? h;f]t;f]cfkm\gf] glhssf] v'nf 7fpFx?df k'u] .6'Fl8v]n, v'nfd~r, bz/y /+uzfnf, ;fgf]uf}r/g,n}grf}/, gf/fo0frf}/, wf]jLrf}/, 5fpgL,dfOtL3/ d08nf, jL/]Gb| cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngs]Gb|sf] kl/;/, sf]6]Zj/ tLgs'g], r'Rr]kf6L,hfjnfv]n, eQmk'/ ;Nnfwf/L nufotsf rf}// zx/sf ;a} rf]srf]s;fy} ;8sdf ;d]tdflg;x?sf] cf]O/f] nfUof] . rqmky glhssfdflg;x?sf nflu rqmkysf] ;8s g} v'nf7fpF aGg k'Uof] .

xft xftdf df]afOn ;]6 lnPsf dflg;x? !ah]sf] /]l8of] ;dfrf/ ;'Gg Jo:t /x] . t/;a} /]l8of] k|;f/0f ;'rf? geO{ s]xL dfq;'rf? lyP . /]l8of] k|;f/0fx?n] cfkm\gf];dfrf/df uf]/vf lhNnfsf] jf/kfs s]Gb|ljGb'ePsf] &=^ DoflUgRo'8sf] 7'nf] e"sDk uPsf]hfgsf/L lbP . To;kl5 dfq Psl5gcl3;Ddsf c8snafhLx? ;fDo eP .

o;/L e]nf ePsf dflg;x? cfcfkm\gf] e'm08dfs'/f ul//x]sf ;'lgof] –

æg]kfndf 7"nf] e"sDk cfpF5 eg]/ rrf{ u/]sf]w]/} eof], geGb} cfO{ xfNof] lg . Æ

æg]kfndf () ;fnsf] h:tf] e"sDk km]l/bf]xl/G5 eGy], ;fFRr} xf] /}Ú5 .Æ

æcem 7'nf] e'O{+rfnf] cfpg ;S5 .Æ

æsf7df8f}+ aflx/sf lhNnfx?df t Wj:t} eof]xf]nf .Æ cflb

3/leq k:g ;Sg] l:ylt s;}sf] 5}g . To;}n]Nof08 nfOg kmf]gsf] k|of]u x'g ;s]g . ;fydfePsf df]afOnn] g]6js{ ;dfpg ;s]sf]5}g . ;dfO xfn] klg aLr}df nfOgsfl6G5 . w]/}n] Ps}k6s kmf]g ul//x]sfn]df]afOn kmf]g nfUg g;s]sf] xf] . sf7df8f}+pkTosf aflx/sf lhNnfx?df klg e"sDkn]w]/} xNnfPsf] x'Fbf pkTosf aflx/ kmf]g ug{rfxg] / aflx/af6 pkTosfleq kmf]g ug{rfxg] lrGtfu|:t dflg;x? w]/} 5g\ t/ ;Dks{x'g Hofb} sl7g eO{/x]sf] 5 . zlgaf/sf] lbgePsfn] w]/}h;f] dflg;x? 3/kl/jf/;Fu} g} /x]sfn]v'nf 7fpFx?df ;kl/jf/ g} e]nf x'g]x? w]/}b]lvP . ljbfsf] lbg / lbpF;f]sf] ;dodf e"sDkcfPsf]n] w]/} dflg;x? hf]luPsf] x'g'k5{ eGg] ts{klg dflg;x? ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ zlgjf/ ljbfgx'g] :s'n, sn]h / sfof{no uPsf cfkm\gfkl/jf/hgsfaf/]df hfgsf/L kfpg dflg;x?56\k6fO/x]sf 5g\ eg] To;/L zlgjf/ klg cfkm\gf]sfo{If]qdf Jo:t /x]sfx? 3/kl/jf/sf] hfgsf/Llng cft'/ b]lvG5g\ .

tTsfn p4f/

g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L / g]kfn k|x/L tTsfn}pkTosfsf zx/ ahf/df Jofks kl/rfng ePsfb]lvP . pgLx? eTs]sf 3/ jf cGo ;+/rgfdfk'l/Psf dflg;x?sf] vf]hLu/L hLljt} p4f/ ug{

cfkm'n] s]xL jif{cl3 agfPsf ljleGg ljBfno ejgx?dfcfhsf] e'O{+rfnf]n] s] s:tf] c;/ kf¥of] xf]nf eGg]hfGg lgs} pT;'s ePsf]n] p;n] df]afOn kmf]gaf6cfkm\gf 8sdL{ ;fyLx?nfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ vf]Hof], t/;Dks{ x'g ;s]g . p;sf] 5f]/fsf] sfof{noaf6 t'?Gt pkl:yt x'g'eGg] va/ cfPsf]n] p;sf] OlGhlgo/5f]/f sfof{notkm{ xflgof] .

x]bf{x]b{} p;sf] 6f]nsf slt 3/x? 9n], slt rls{P,slt sf]N6] k/] . k/vfnx? t Pp6f klg ar]gg\ .3/sf] sf};Ldf /x]sf kfgL 6\ofª\sL / ;f]nf/Kofgnx?n] klg 7fpF 5f]8]sf lyP . hldg xlNngg5f]8]sf]n] dflg;x? a9L 8/fO/x]sf lyP .

efO{rfn] 6f9}af6 cfkm\gf] 3/tkm{ cfFvf nufO/x]sf] lyof],cfkm\gf] 3/ ;s'zn g} 7l8Psf] b]Vbf pm s]xL cfZj:tlyof] . t/ glhs}sf sltko 3/x? eg] ;s'zncj:yfdf b]lvPsf lyPgg\ .

;fFem kb}{ cfPkl5 dflg;x?nfO{ cfhsf] /ft s;/Llatfpg] eGg] lrGtfn] ;tfpg yfNof] . efO{rf klgkl/jf/;Fu olx ljifosf] ;Nnfx ub}{lyof] . Psdgt p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/ alnof] ePsf]n] 3/d} uP/ ;'tf}+lsh:tf] klg nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ 5f]/L / a'xf/Ln] dfg]gg\;fy} 7"nf] e'O{+rfnf] cfPsf] @$ 306f;Dd 3/leq k:g'

$

u



k|oTgzLn 5g\ . t/ To:tf] sfo{sf nflu cfjZoscf}hf/ / pks/0fx?sf] eg] kof{Kt Joj:yf x'g;s]sf] b]lvPg . PDa'n]G;x? ;fO/g ahfpFb}s'lb/x]sf b]lvG5g\ eg] ;'/Iff lgsfosf uf8Lx?klg s'lb/x]sf 5g\ .

c:ktfn

pkTosfsf k|d'v c:ktfnx? jL/, lqlj lzIf0f,sflGt, ;}lgs, k|x/L, df]8]n, glj{s, d]l8s]o/, cf]d,kf6g, eQmk'/ cflbdf 3fOt]x?sf] cf]O/f] nfUgyfn]sf] 5 . jL/ c:ktfn 6«df ;]G6/df dfq $))eGbf a9L 3fOt]x? y'lk|;s]sf 5g\ . c:ktfnx?dfzlgaf/ alx/ª\u ljefu -cf]lk8L_ aGb /xg] x'FbfcGt/ª\u ljefu - Og8f]/_ / cfsl:ds ljefu-Odh]{G;L_ df 8\o'6L k/]sf 8fS6/ / :jf:YosdL{x?dfq sfo{/t 5g\ . pkrf/fy{ cfpg] 3fOt]x?sf];+ª\Vof lg/Gt/ al9/x]sf]n] c:ktfndf hgzlQmsf]7'nf] cefj eof] . s]xL c:ktfnn] ljbfdf /x]sfcfkm\gf hgzlQmnfO{ tTsfn} c:ktfndf af]nfO{sfddf nufpg] Joj:yf u/] eg] sltko c:ktfndfo:tf] Joj:yf x'g ;s]g . 3fOt] lj/fdLsf] rfknfO{y]Ug sl7g ePsf]n] lqlj lzIf0f c:ktfnn] rf}/df/fv]/ pkrf/ ;]jf lbof] eg] jL/ c:ktfnnufotcGo c:ktfnx?n] klg pkrf/:yfgsf nfluj}slNks pkfo ckgfP .

oltv]/ If]qkf6L lgMz'Ns lrlsT;fno ljz]ifpNn]vgLo /xg uof] . rf/ tn] o;sf] ejgnfO{sl/a kfFr jif{ cl3 k'gM;anLs/0f -/]6«f]lkm6_ ul/Psf]lyof] . ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L / :yfgLosf] kxn tyfe"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfnsf] k|fljlws;xof]udf k'gM;anLs/0fsf] klxnf] gd'gf ag]sf]o; lrlsT;fno ejgnfO{ cfhsf] e"sDkn]s'g} c;/ kf/]g . t;y{ e"sDk kl5 tTsfn}oxfF cf]O/f] nfu]sf ;of}+ 3fOt]nfO{ pkrf/;]jf lbg of] lrlsT;fno ;Ifdeof] . k'gM;anLs/0f ubf{ …cgfjZos vr{ul/of], a? Tof] /sdn] gofF ejg g} agfPsf]eP x'GYof] Ú eg]/ c;xdlt hgfpg]x? clxn]

%

k'gM;anLs/0fsf] ;'vb kl/0ffd b]v]/ 5Sskl//x]sf 5g\ .

lzIf0f ;+:yf

cfhsf] e"sDkaf6 pkTosfsf lzIf0f ;+:yfx?dfklg Jofks Iflt k'Ug uPsf]5 . t/ ;Gtf]ifsf] s'/f, zlgaf/ k/]sf sf/0fdfgjLo Iflt eg] vf;} ePg . zlgaf/ klglaxfg k7g– kf7g x'g] s]xL pRr dflj /sn]hx?df e"sDk cfpg' cufj} sIff ;lsP/lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{x? 3/ kmls{;s]sf x'gfn]klg dfgjLo Iflt x'gaf6 hf]luof] . ef}ltsIflt eg] lzIf0f ;+:yfx?n] lgs} vKg' k/]sf]b]lvG5 .

b]zsf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] ljBfno b/af/ xfO{:s'n-efg' dflj_ / ;f]xL ejgdf /x]sf] ;F:s[tljBfno e"sDksf] df/df k/]sf] :ki6b]lvG5 . ;f] ljBfno ejgsf] blIf0fk6\6L cyf{t\ef]6flx6L tkm{sf] leQf k"/} 9n]sf] 5 eg] cGoefudf klg w]/} Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . o;}u/LpkTosfsf k'/fgf / k|ltli7t ljBfnox? h:t}kb\df]bo, h'4f]bo, ljZjlgs]tg, sGof dlGb/,cfbz{ sGof lgs]tg -nlntk'/_, eQmk'/sf]kb\d df=lj=, ;f/bf df=lj= cflb ljBfnosfejgx?df w]/} Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . o;}u/L s]xLlghL :s'n tyf sn]hdf klg uDeL/ ef}ltsIflt k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .

o;}aLr ;Gtf]if lng ;lsg] csf]{ b[io klgb]vf k/]sf] 5 – Tof] xf] s]xL jif{ cl3 e"sDkk|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh g]kfn - Pg;]6_ sf]k|fljlws ;xof]udf e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlwckgfP/ agfOPsf jf ;anLs/0f ul/PsfljBfno ejgx? eg] cfhsf] e"sDk y]Ug;kmn ePsf :ki6 b]lvG5g\ . To;/L hf]luPsfljBfnox?df clxn] :yfgLo dflg;x? e]nfeO{/x]sf 5g\ .



a:tLdf Iflt

sf7df8f}+df ;a}eGbf al9 Iflt uf]+ua', ;fdfv';L,;LtfkfOnf, ;t'ª\un, g}sfk, skg, wd{:ynL,zf]efeujtL, ;fgf] e¥ofª, 7"nf] e¥ofª, ;fFv',kfFuf, sLlt{k'/ cflb If]qdf eof] . uf]+ua' If]qdfljz]ifu/L nh / xf]6nx? Wj:t eP eg]skgsf] gf/fo0f rf]sl:yt ;ft tn] 3/ k"/}Wj:t eof] . To;df /x]sf] rr{df k|fy{gf/tnufot ;f] ejgdf /x]sf cGo ;d]t u/L^) hgfeGbf al9sf] cj:yf c1ft 5 .

sf]6]Zj/, gofF afg]Zj/, k'/fgf] afg]Zj/,alQ;k'tnL, uf}zfnf, rfjlxn, dxf/fhu~h,jfn'jf6f/, afF;af/L, uf]Nkm'6f/, a'9fgLns07,a;'Gw/f, ag:ynL, afnfh'6f/, sflndf6L,lqk'/]Zj/, yfkfynL cflb :yfgdf pNn]vgLoIflt ePg . ;a}eGbf cfZro{ t c;g,OGb|rf]s, ef]6flx6L, ef]l;+sf], gofF;8s, g/b]jL,7lx+6L, If]qkf6L cflb sf7df8f}+ zx/sf leqLIf]q cfhsf] 7'nf] e"sDkaf6 hf]luP . halsoL If]qsf k'/fgf 3/x? aiff}{ cl3 b]lv g}hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf lyP .

ljut s]xL jif{leq pkTosfsf ljleGg :yfgdfag]sf cUnf ckf6{d]G6x?sf afl;Gbfx?nfO{cfhsf] e"sDkn] lgs} cTofof] . To;}n] sl/aPs bh{g To:tf ckf6{d]G6sf ;of}+ afl;Gbfx?clxn] glhssf] v'nf 7fpFd} hDdf ePsf5g\ .

ptf /f0ffsfnsf] ljleGg ;dodf ag]sfb/af/x?df klg lgs} gf]S;fg ePsf] 5 .sfof{no /x]sf k'/fgf b/af/x? ljz]ifu/Ll;+xb/af/, aa/ dxn, axfb'/ ejg, xl/x/

ejg, gf/fo0flx6L, s]z/ dxn, af3 b/af/,ldg ejg, /fi6« a}+s /x]sf] afn'jf6f/ /yfkfynL b/af/ cflbdf uDeL/ Iflt k'u]sf]k|i6 b]lvG5 .

o;}u/L nlntk'/sf] a'FudtL, vf]sgf, rfkfufpF,n'e', gNn', rf}3/],rf/3/], rGbgk'/, uf]6Lv]n,sfn]Zj/, luDbL, 7'nf b'n{'ª, cf;|fª, a'v]n,dflgv]n, e66\] 8fF8f, ;ªv', dfN6f, Os'8f]n,l;l4k'/, Ko'6f/, 3';]n,ef/b]p, l;l4k'/ cflbu|fdL0f If]q al9 Ifltu|:t ePeg] s'kG8f]n,;fg]kf, emD;Lv]n, k'nrf]s, hfjnfv]n,nugv]n, ;ftbf]af6f] cflb gu/ If]qdf uDeL/Iflt ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .

eQmk'/ ahf/sf] leqL If]q h:t} tf}d9L,uf]Nd9L, ;'s'n 9f]sf, dWok'/ lydL cflbIf]qdf w]/} gf]Szfg eof] eg] zx/ aflx/sfIf]q h:t} sf}zn6f/, nf]sGynL, ;fgf] l7dL,lydL ahf/, ;Nnf3f/L, ;"o{ljgfos, afnsf]6,blwsf]6 cflb c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ 5]p5fpsfa:tLx?df e"sDkn] t'ngfTds ?kdf sdIflt k'¥ofPsf] b]lvof] .

t/ sf]6]Zj/ – ;"o{ljgfos ;8s v08 cGtu{tsf}zn6f/ If]qdf ;8s lgs} lrl/Psf] /efl:;Psf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ cfjfudgdf s]xLcj/f]w k'u]sf] 5 .

cS;/ 7"nf] e"sDksf] nuQ} 3gfa:tLx?dfcfunfuLsf 36gf x'g] ub{5g\ . t/ cfhsf]e"sDkn] cfunfuL lgDTofPg . of] Ps 7'nf];Gtf]ifsf] ljifo aGg uof] .

e"sDksf] em6\sf hf/L g} 5 . To;n] g}dflg;x?nfO{ al9 cTofO/x]sf] 5 . d'Votcem 7'nf] e"sDk cfpg ;S5 eGg] xNnf /cfz+sfn] dflg;x? a9L lrlGtt eO{/x]sf5g\ .

3/leq} RoflKkPsf dflg;x?afx]s c? sf]xLklg 3/ leq /x]sf 5}gg\ . e"sDkljb\x?n]cfufdL @$ 306f;Dd 3/leq gk:gcfd;~rf/ dfWodx?af6 ;'emfj lbO{/x]sf5g\ . t/ sltko dflg;x? Psk6s cfkm\gf]3/leq k;]/ d"Nojfg a:t'x? aflx/ NofpgkfP x'GYof] eGg] ;f]rdf klg 5g\ .

3/ elTsg' / rls{g'afx]s w]/}h;f] 7fpFdfb]lvPsf] b[io xf] – kvf{n eTsg' / 5tdf/flvPsf kfgLsf 6\ofª\sL / ;f]nf/ Kofgnx?n]cfkm\gf] 7fpF 5f]8g' . ckf/ ljgfzsf] bfFhf]dfk/vfn, 6\ofª\sL, ;f]nf/ Ifltu|:t x'g' sd

^



dxTjsf] ljifo eP klg of] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsfa:tLx?df cfd ?kdf b]lvPsf] b[io xf] .

;Dkbf If]qdf Iflt

cfhsf] e"sDkaf6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] wfld{styf P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfdfly lgs} uDeL/ rf]6k'Uof] . ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"rLs[tpkTosfsf ;ft k|d'v ;Dkbf If]q j;Gtk'/,kf6g / eQmk'/sf b/af/ If]q, kz'klt If]q,af}4gfy / :joDe"gfydf uDeL/ Iflt k'u]sf]5 .

P]ltxfl;s w/x/f, j;Gtk'/ b/af/, gf}tn]b/af/, kfFrtn] dlGb/, sfi7d08k, u4L a}7s,s'df/L 3/, xg'dfg 9f]sf If]qsf dxfb]j dlGb/,lai0f' dlGb/, eujtL,s[i0f,afu]Zj/L,huGgfy,efh'b]jn, bzdxf3/, sfdb]j dlGb/,q}nf]Sodf]xg, ci6s0f{, sfu]Zj/ lzj dlGb/,bz}+3/sf] lzj dlGb/sf ;fy} k|tfk dNnsf];flns, /fgLkf]v/Lsf] aLrdf /x]sf] afnuf]kfndlGb/, sfndf]rg3f6df /x]sf dlGb/x?, h};Lb]jn dlGb/, 6f]vfsf] r08]Zj/L eujtLdlGb/ Ifltu|:t eP .

hojfu]Zj/L, OGb|fo0fL cflb dlGb/sf uh'/9n]sf b]lvP . kz'kltgfysf] d"n dlGb/hf]luP klg kz'klt If]qdf cjl:yt cGob]j:ynx? u'Xo]Zj/L, k~r b]jn, ljZj?k,ls/fFt]Zj/, uf]/vgfy, d[To'~ho, nIdLgf/fo0f,zª\s/frfo{, lhthª\u k|sfz]Zj/, /fd dlGb/cflb dlGb/x?, ;]tf] lzjfno tyf ;Qnx?e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t eP . t/ kz'kltgfy,pGdQ e}/j, tn]h", sfne}/j, cfsfze}/j,

a6's e}/j, ;ª\s6f, dxfFsfn, ef6e6]gL,uf]s0f]{Zj/, 306f3/ cflb /fhwfgLsf wfld{styf ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+of]ujz hf]luP .;fFv'sf] ah|of]lugL, v8\uof]lugL / dfwjgf/fo0f,gf/fo0f dlGb/x? e"sDksf] uEdL/ df/df k/]. nug u0faxfn l:yt eLd;]g yfkfsf]P]ltxfl;s l;nvfg b/af/ klg Ifltu|:t eof]

o;}u/L nlntk'/ lhNnfsf wfld{s tyfP]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfx?df klg uDeL/ Iflt k'Uguof] . a'ª\dtL l:yt /ftf] dT:o]Gb|gfysf]dlGb/sf ;fy} nlntk'/sf ljleGg :yfgdf/x]sf ;Dkbfx? h:t} hutgf/fo0f dlGb/,kf6g b/af/sf] ;'Gb/L rf]s, xl/zª\s/ dlGb/,rf/ gf/fo0f dlGb/, dl0fd08k, /fwfs[i0f

x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f klg p;n] ;lDemof] . efO{rfsf] elthkg]{ l5d]sL o'js kfn vf]h]/ NofpF5' egL kfnsf]vf]hLdf nfUof] . 5f]/L / a'xf/L a]n'sf vfgnfO{ Ro'/f,bfndf]7, rfprfp cflbsf] hf]xf] ug]{lt/ nfu] .

;a}lt/ kfnsf] xfxfsf/ 5 . kfn vf]Hg 6f]nsf c?dflg;x?;Fu uPsf] efO{rfsf] elth vfnL xft g}kmls{of] . t/ p;n] dflg;x? :s'nsf] sIff sf]7fdf/ft latfpg] eg]/ :s'ndf hDdf eO{/x]sf] va/Nofof] . efO{rfnfO{ klg :s'nd} cf>o lng' a'l4dfgLx'g] nfUof] / kl/jf/;lxt :s'ntkm{ nfUof] .

of] :s'n o; e]usf] k'/fgf] :s'n xf] . k/f/ ;fndfqo;sf] k'/fgf] ejgnfO{ k'gM;anLs/0f -/]6«f]lkm6_ul/Psf] lyof] . To;sfddf efO{rf / p;sf tflndk|fKt8sdL{ ;fyLx?n] xKtf}+;Dd sfd u/]sf] efO{rfn]

clxn] ;lDemof] . :s'nkl/;/df k'Ug] lalQs}efO{rfn] ;a}eGbf klxnf:s'n ejgsf ;a} sIffsf]7fx?sf] leq–aflx/rf/}lt/ ejgsf] uf/f], 5t,uf/f]sf ;'/x?, cflbPsPs u/L lgofn]/x]¥of] . o;/L x]bf{ Pp6f sIffsf]7fsf] Knf:6/ clnsltrls{Psf] / cGo tLgj6fsIff sf]7fsf] leQfdf/flvPsf] af]8{ v:g nfu]sf] kfof] .

k'gM ;anLs/0f ul/Psf] :s'n ejgsf sIffsf]7fx?df 7"nf] Iflt s]xL klg gePsf] b]Vbf p;n]

&

3



dlGb/, ufafxfnsf] s[i0f dlGb/, tn]h" dlGb/,s]zjgf/fo0f dlGb/, eLd;]g dlGb/, aunfd'vL,dNnsfnLg /fhf of]ug/]Gb| dNnsf] ;flnscflbdf e"sDksf] df/ k/]sf] b]lvof] .

eQmk'/sf ;DkbfnfO{ klg cfhsf] e"sDkn]afFsL /fv]g . k|frLg rFfu'gf/fo0f dlGb/sf;fy} eQmk'/ b/af/ If]qsf jT;nfb]jL, s]bf/gfy,kml;b]u, a]tfn kf6L,Rof;L+ d08k, nfn j}7s,lzj, gf/fo0f, b'uf{sf dlGb/x?, Goftkf]nglhssf ;fgf dlGb/ nufot ;Qnx?dfuDeL/ Iflt k'u]sf] b]lvof] . s]xL jif{ cl3dfqhL0ff]{4f/ ul/Psf]n] k|l;4 %% em\ofn] b/af// kfFrtn] -Goftkf]n_ dlGb/df eg] uDeL/Iflt x'g kfPg . l7dLsf] lji0f'jL/ dlGb/ /blIf0f af/fxL dlGb/nfO{ klg e"sDkn] afFsL/fv]g .

7'nf] ;+ª\Vofdf dflg;x? w/x/f jl/k/L hDdfePsf 5g\ t/ w/x/f 5}g . lj=;+= !(() sf]dxfe"sDkdf Ifltu|:t ePsf]df lj=;+=!((@df k'ghL{jg kfP b]lv zfg;Fu pleP/;+;f/nfO{ g]kfnsf] uf}/j lrgfO /x]sf] w/x/fclxn] Wj:t eO{ 7"6f]df kl/0ft ePsf] 5 .w/x/fsf] xfnt b]v]/ ToxfF hDdf ePsfdflg;x?sf] dg g/fd|/L sF'l8Psf] 5, eG5g\– æw/x/f plePsf] ca km]l/ b]Vg kfOPnfls gkfOPnf <Æ w/x/fsf] afb{nLaf6sf7df8f}+sf] b[iofjnf]sg u/L cfh zlgaf/sf]ljbf dgfpg w/x/f rl9/x]sf / cf]ln{/x]sfx?w/x/f;Fu} k'l/Psf 5g\ . t/ cfh !@ aHg]a]nfdf w/x/fleq slt dflg; lyP eGg]af/]olsg hfgsf/L k|fKt 5}g . w/x/f 9Nbfw/x/fleq / aflx/ u/L sl/a &) hgfsf]

d[To' ePsf] k|f/lDes cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .w/x/f r9gnfO{ l6s6 lnO;s]sf t/ k|j]zug{ afFsL /x]sf sl/j Ps;o hgf ;+of]un]ar]sf 5g\ .

o;}u/L P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s dxTjsf]sfi7d08k lgd]ife/d} eUgfjz]ifdf kl/0ftePsf] b]v]/ dflg;x?sf cg'xf/ dlng ag]sf]5 . ToxfF Ps ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf]/Qmbfg lzlj/ rln/x]sf] a]nfdf e"sDk cfPsf]lyof] . ToxfF lzlj/ ;~rfns, /Qmbftf,:jf:YosdL{ / :jod\;]jsx? Pslqt ePsflyP . 36gf:yndf slt xtfxtL eP, slt3fOt] eP olsg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g, eUgfjz]ifdfvf]hL / p4f/ sfo{ hf/L 5 . ToxfF slDtdfklg @) hgf k'l/Psf] cfzª\sf ul/Psf]5 .

pkTosfleqsf slt ;Dkbf Ifltu|:t ePeGg]af/] clxn] g} olsg ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt5}g . tLg} lhNnfsf u/L sl/a kfFr;o;Dkbfdf uDeL/ Iflt k'u]sf] x'g;S5 eGg]:yfgLox?n] cg'dfg u/]sf5g\ .

cfd;~rf/

oltv]/ ;a}h;f]sf] Pp6} ;xf/f ePsf] 5 –/]l8of] k|;f/0f . xftxftdf ePsf df]afOn jfAof6«Ljfnf ;fgf] 6«flGh:6/af6 k|;f/0f eO{/x]sfe"sDk;DaGwL hfgsf/Ld} dflg;x?sf] Wofgs]lGb|t eO{/x]sf] 5 . pkTosf aflx/ uf]/vf,wflbª, g'jfsf]6, /;'jf, sfe|], l;Gw'kfNrf]s,bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, dsjfgk'/, ndh'ª cflblhNNffx?df klg cfhsf] e"sDkn] Jofks Iflt

*



k'¥ofPsf ;dfrf/x? k|;f/0f eO{/x]sf 5g\ ./]l8of] g]kfnn] e"sDk cfPsf] s]xL ldg]6 kl5b]lv g} e"sDk ;DaGwL ;"rgf dfq} lg/Gt/k|;f/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . t/ e"sDkn] :o"rf6f/l:yt ljB'tef/ ;Dk|]if0f s]Gb|df Iflt k'¥ofPsf]sf/0f ljB't ljt/0f ca?4 ePsf]n] sltkocfd;~rf/ dfWodx? ;~rfngdf cfpg;s]gg\ . tTsfn h]g]/]6/ jf cGo j}slNksJoj:yf ug{ ;Sg] cfd;~rf/ dfWodx?n]dfq cfkm\gf] sfd h]gt]g hf/L /fVg ;s] .

6]lnlehg Rofgnx?n] klg cfkm\gf] k|;f/0fe"sDkd} s]lGb|t ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ ;a}h;f]dflg;x? 3/ aflx/} ePsfn] / ljB't gePsfn]w]/}n] 6]lnlehg x]g{ kfPgg\ . e"sDkn] c;/gkf/]sf cGo lhNnfsf afl;Gbfx?n] eg]lg/Gt/ 6]lnlehg x]l//x]sf 5g\ . 6]lnlehgdfsf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf hgwgsf] Jofks IfltePsf x[boljbf/s b[iox? b]Vbf pgLx? ql;teO{/x]sf 5g\ . w/x/fsf] b'b{zf ePsf] b[ioaf/Daf/ 6]lnlehgdf b]Vbf dflg;x? lgs}zf]sfs'n / ql;t ag]sf 5g\ . lg/Gt/ k/sDkcfO{/x]sf] va/n] cfkm\gf] 7fpF klg e"sDksf]rk]6fdf kg]{ xf] ls eGg] lrGtfn] b]ze/s}dflg;x?nfO{ ;tfPsf] 5 .

:jb]z / ljb]zsf ;dfrf/ Ph]G;Lx? /cgnfOg ;dfrf/x?n] e"sDks} ljifonfO{k|fyldstf lbO{ ;dfrf/ cBfjlws -ck8]6_ub}{ /x] . ;dfrf/sf] d'Vo ;|f]tsf] ?kdfsfo{/t /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt - /f;;_sf]cgj/t ;dfrf/ ;]jf e"sDksf] nuQ} ljB'tcfk"tL{df ;d:of eO{ sl/a tLg 306f cj?4ePsf]df kl5 j}slNks Joj:yf u/L ;dfrf/;]jf ;'rf? eof] .

cfh ;fFem k|sflzt x'g'kg]{ kqklqsfx?nfO{lgs} 7'nf] r'gf}tL cfO{ k/]sf] 5 eg] ef]lnljxfg kf7s;dIf k'Ug'kg]{ b}lgs / ;fKtflxskqklqsfx?n] klg lgs} 7'nf] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgful//x]sf 5g\ .

oltv]/ ;~rf/ dfWoddf df]afOn kmf]g /P;PdP; cTolws k|of]udf 5g\ . Nof08nfOgkmf]g 3/leq x'g] ePsf]n] kmf]g ug{ jf kmf]gp7fpg 3/leq hfg ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g .;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgdf ;xh xf]; egL g]kfn6]lnsdn] ef]ln;Ddsf nflu P;PdP; /cfh /flt !@ ah];Ddsf nflu kmf]g ;]jflgMz'Ns pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . Pp6} ;dodfw]/} df]afOn k|of]u eO{/x]sf]n] df]afOn kmf]g;lhnf];Fu nflu/x]sf] 5}g .

;/sf/L ;lqmotf

e"sDksf] klxnf] wSsf dxz'; ePsf] b'O{306fkl5 g} l;+xb/jf/ kl/;/df /x]sf] /fli6«ocfkt\sfnLg sfo{ ;+rfng s]Gb| (NationalEmergency Operation Center NEOC) dfa;]sf] s]Gb|Lo b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf]klxnf] j}7sn] vf]hL tyf p4f/ sfo{ Pjd\hLjg /Iffsf sfo{df s]lGb|t /xg ;a};+oGqx?nfO{ tTsfn} kl/rfng ug]{ lg0f{ou¥of] . j}7sn] k|wfgdGqL p4f/sf]ifaf6 tTsfn}ljQLo ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ug{'sf ;fy} !! j6fIf]qut ;+oGqx? ;lqmo u/fpg] lg0f{o klgu¥of] .

k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnf ljb]z e|d0fdf/xg' ePsf]n] dlGqkl/ifbsf] cfsl:ds a}7scfh} ck/fGx sf=jf= k|wfgdGqL afdb]juf}tdsf] cWoIftfdf a:of] . ;f] j}7sn] s]Gb|Lob}jL k|sf]k p4f/ sf]ifnfO{ tTsfn} ? %)s/f]8 lgsf;f lbg] lg0f{o u¥of] . ;fy}e"sDku|:t If]qsf hgtfnfO{ w}o{ wf/0f ug{/ Ifltu|:t lhNnfsf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no,;]gf, k|x/L, /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh/ :jod\;]jL ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?nfO{ tTsfnp4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{df h'6\g cfu|xu¥of] .

/fi6«klt 8f=/fdj/0f ofbjn] b]zaf;LnfO{ w}o{wf/0f u/L Ps cfk;df ;xof]u ug{ ;fj{hlgscfJxfg ug{'eof] .

g]kfndf cfh cfPsf] 7'nf] e"sDksf] ljifonfO{lnP/ gofFlbNnLdf ef/tsf] s]Gb||Lo ;/sf/sf]cfslids a}7s a:of] / ;f]xL a}7ssf] lg0f{o

(



cg';f/ ef/tsf] g]zgn l8hf:6/ /];So' kmf];{e"sDk cfPsf] 5 306fleqd} sDan, vfBfGg,p4f/ tyf vf]hLsf pks/0f;lxtsf] ef/tLo;]gfsf] ljdfg ck/fGx lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«oljdfg:yndf cjt/0f u¥of] . p4f/sf nflucfpg] klxnf] ljb]zL 6f]nL ef/tsf] /Xof] .

cGof]n / xtf;d} s]xL 306f laTof] . To;kl5;a}sf] lrGtf vfgf s;/L ksfpg], /ft s;/Lljtfpg] eGg]df s]lGb|t eof] . 7"nf] e"sDkuPsf] sDtLdf @$ 306f;Dd 3/leq k:gx'Fb}g eGg] lj1x?sf ;'emfjsf ;fy} cfdwf/0ff/ lg/Gt/sf] k/sDksf sf/0f ;a}hgf cfhsf]/ft 3/ aflx/} latfpg] dgl:yltdf 5g\ ./fi6«klt 8f= ofbj klg lztn lgjf;l:ytcfkm\gf] ;/sf/L lgjf;leq ga;L ToxL+sf]rf}/df kfn xfn]/ a:g' ePsf] 5 . ljleGg:yfgsf v'nf 7fpFdf hDdf ePsf k'?ifx?kfn, lqkfnsf] hf]xf] ug{ yfn] eg] dlxnfx?ksfpg' gkg]{ tof/L vfg]s'/f h:t} lrp/f,bfndf]7, rfprfp, la:s'6, kfgL cflb h'6fpgJo:t eP . UofF; r'nf], l;ln08/ / s]xLefF8fs'F8fsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]x? aflx/} v'nf7fpFdf vfgf ksfpg yfn] .

Ps} :yfgdf cf>o lnPsf 7fpFx?df ;fd'lxsef]hgsf] klg Joj:yf ul/of] . ;a}eGbf w]/}dflg;x? 6F'l8v]ndf cf>o lng k'u]sf5g\ . pgLx?sf nflu g]kfnL ;]gf, k|x/L /:jod\;]jLx?n] vfg / /ft ljtfpg rflxg]cTofjZos aGbf]a:t ldnfP . udL{sf] df};dePsfn] /flt lr;f]sf] ;d:of ePg . t/

;a}lt/ kfnsf] xfxfsf/ 5 . ;]gf, k|x/L, g]kfn/]8qm;, ljleGg ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yf, 6]G6Joj;foL, ko{6g Joj;foL cflbaf6 ;+slntkfn,lqkfn cfjZostfsf] bfFhf]df cToGtGo"g x'g uof] .

;fFem u[x dGqfnon] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/e"sDksf sf/0f b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf u/L&^^ hgfsf] d[To' eO{;s]sf] 5 . To;dWo]sf7df8f}+df !*! hgf, nlntk'/df ^^ hgf/ eQmk'/df !$$ hgf 5g\ . w/x/fsf]eUgfjz]ifaf6 cfh} %) hgfsf] za lgsflnof]eg], sfi7d08kaf6 @$ hgf;d]t u/Lj;Gtk'/sf cGo Ifltu|:t eUgfjz]ifaf6;d]t u/L ^) hgfsf] za lgsflnof] . o;}u/Lskgsf] ;fttn] ejgaf6 rr{df k|fy{gf/t@) hgf ;lxt cGo;d]t u/L *) hgfsf]za lgsflnof] . tL ;a} za k/LIf0fsf nflulqla lzIf0f c:ktfn dxf/fhu~hl:yt zak/LIf0f sIfdf /flvP .

cfh lbpF;f] sl/a !@ ah]sf] klxnf] ;a}eGbf7"nf] wSsf b]lv /ftsf] sl/j !@ ah];Ddsf]!@ 306fsf] cjlwleq ljleGg ;dodf u/Lrf/ DuflUgRo'8 eGbf dflysf wSsf jfk/sDk #* k6s :ki6 dxz'; ul/of] . To;}n]s] ug]{ < s] gug]{ < eGg] cGof}n / km]l/ 7"nf]e"sDk cfpF5 eGg] cfz+sfd} ef]lnsf] ;"of]{bosf]k|tLIff ub}{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfjf;Lx?n] 3/aflx/} a}zfv !@ ut] zlgaf/sf] clj:d/0fLo/ft latfP .

cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfd ;kmn ePsf] b]v]/ ;Gtf]if dfGof]. oltv]/;Dd ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf,k|wfgfWofks, s]xL lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / cleefjsx?ljBfno kl/;/df hDdf eO{;s]sf lyP . p;n]k|wfgfWofksnfO{ :s'n ejgsf] cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/Lu/fof] / v:g nfu]sf af]8{x?nfO{ leQfaf6 lems]/;'/lIft;Fu e'O{+df /fVg] Joj:yf ug{ nufof] . cGosIff sf]7fdf /x]sf af]8{sf lsnf / cª\s'znfO{ klg7f]s]/ gv:g] agfpg nufof] . k|wfgfWofkssf]lgb]{zgcg';f/ sIff sf]7fsf a]~r, 8]:sx?nfO{ aflx/lgsfnL Knfl:6sn] 5f]k]/ /flvof] . o;/L !) j6fsIff sf]7f vfnL ul/P / To;df :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?n]/ft latfpg] Joj:yf ul/of] . efO{rf / p;sf] 5f]/f,elth k'?ifx?sf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] sf]7fdf a;] eg]5f]/L / a'xf/L dlxnfx?sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] sf]7fdf .o;/L cfhsf] /ft latfpg] Joj:yf ul/of] . a]nfa]nfdfk/sDk cfO{ g} /Xof] . efO{rf /fd|/L lgbfpg

;s]g . p;n] klxnfsf] e'O{+rfnf] ;lDemof], ToxLe'O{+rfnf]n] u'dfpg' k/]sf] afa' / kTgLnfO{ ;lDemof],s]xL jif{cl3 sfnultn] d[To' ePsL cfdfnfO{ klg;lDemof] . o;/L k6sk6s cfO{/xg] e'O{+rfnf]sfsf/0f cem slt b'vMsi6 ef]lu/xg' kg]{ xf] eGg]lrGtf klg u¥of] . ljxfgkv dfq pm s]xLa]/lgbfof] .

!)

ª



ef]lnkN6 -j}zfv !# ut]cfOtaf/_ljxfg lem;\ld;]d} dflg;x?sf] vNofªaNofªz'? eof] . clwsfFz dflg;x?n] 3/ aflx/}/ft latfP klg k6s k6ssf] em6\sfn] sf]xLklg lglZrGt eO{ /fd|/L lgbfpg eg]kfPgg\ . uP/flt !@=$% ah], laxfg # ah]/ % ah] uPsf] rf/ DoflUgRo'8 eGbf a9Lsf]k/sDkn] pkTosfjf;Lx?nfO{ /ftdf klgt;f{O/Xof] . kfnsf] cefj ;a}eGbf 68\sf/f]?kdf v6\ls/x]sf] 5 . /]l8of] g]kfnn] /ftel/klg e"sDk ;DaGwL hfgsf/L / e"sDkaf6cTolws k|efljt ljleGg :yfgsf cj:yfaf/]:yfgLo afl;Gbfsf egfO{x? k|;f/0f ul//x]sf]n]pkTosfjf;Lx?nfO{ ToxL ;'g]/ /ft latfpgs]xL ;lhnf] eof] .

ljb]z e|d0fdf /xg'ePsf k|wfgdGqL ;'zLnsf]O/fnf a}+sssf] cfkm\gf] k"j{lgwf{l/t sfo{qmdb]zdf cs:dft\ cfO{k/]sf] sl7g kl/l:yltsfsf/0f b'O{ lbg 5f]6\ofO{ cfh :jb]z kms{g'eof] . kmls{P nuQ} a;]sf] dlGqkl/ifbsf]cfsl:ds j}7sn] dxfdf/L km}ng glbgd[tsx?sf] ;fd'lxs cGTo]i7L ug]{, kfgL, aQL,vfBfGg, kfn cflb cTofjZos a:t'sf]cfk"tL{sf nflu ljleGg ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{lhDdf lbg], cGt/f{li6«o If]q;Fu nufotcTofjZos ;fdu|Lx?sf] cljnDa ;xof]usfnflu cg'/f]w ug]{ cflb lg0f{o u¥of] .

o;}u/L ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?n] lj1lKthf/Lub}{ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ w}o{wf/0f eO{ / cfkm\gfsfo{stf{x?nfO{ p2f/ tyf /fxtsfo{df ;+nUgx'g clkn ul/;x]sf ;dfrf/x? ;+rf/dfWodaf6 cfO{/x]sf 5g\ .

p4f/ sfo{

ljxfg} b]lv p4f/sdL{x? cfkm\gf] sfddfh'6] . pgLx?sf] d'''Vo k|of; 3/leq k'l/Psfdflg;x?sf] p4f/ ug{df s]lGb|t 5 . t/vf]h tyf p4f/sf nflu cTofjZos ;fwgtyf pks/0fx?sf] lgtfGt cefjp4f/sdL{x?n] cg'ej ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;fy}o:tf] a]nfdf s;/L p4f/ sfo{df h'6\g]eGg]af/] pko'Qm tflndk|fKt gful/shgzlQmsf] cefj klg lgs} v6\lsPsf] 5 .ljz]ifu/L g]kfnL ;]gf, k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/Landf s]xL dfqfdf To:tf] tflndk|fKt hgzlQmePsfn] ltg} hgzlQmaf6 of] sfd eO{/x]sf]

!!

5 . t/ olt 7'nf] dfqfdf hgwgsf] IfltePsf] l:yltnfO{ ;DxfNd ;Sg] kof{Kt hgzlQm/ cTofw'lgs pks/0fx? ;]gf / k|x/L;Fuklg pknAw5}g . oBlk lks, ;fe]n, sf]bfnf] cflb ;fwf/0fcf}hf/x?s} e/df klg ;]gf, k|x/L /:jod\;]jsx?n] ;Dej eP;Dd vf]hL tyfp4f/sfo{nfO{ tLa|tf lbO{/x]sf 5g\ . ljz]ifu/Lzx/L If]qsf 3/x? s+lqm6af6 ag]sfn] s+lqm6sflkn/, lad, 9nfg cflbnfO{ kG5fP/ p4f/sf]sfd cl3 a9fpg lgs} sl7g eO/x]sf] 5 .;lhn};Fu s+lqm6 sf6\g] pks/0f pknAw5}g .

ljb]zaf6 vf]h tyf p4f/ 6f]nL sf7df8f}+cfpg] qmdn] cfh tLa|tf kfof] . cfh rLg,kfls:tfg, l;+ufk'/, >Lnª\sf / Oh/fonaf6p4f/ 6f]nL sf7df8f}+ cfO{ k'u]sf 5g\ eg]ef/taf6 lrlsT;f 6f]nL ;d]t cfO{ k'u]sf]5 .

lxhf]sf] 7'nf] e"sDk / lbge/, /fte/sfk/sDkx?n] eTsfPsf, rls{Psf, Pskfvf]k"/} elTsPsf, efl:;Psf, sf]N6] k/]sf 3/x?sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq oqtq b]lvG5g\ .To:tf w/fk ag]sf 3/x?leq k;L hLjLtjf d[tssf] vf]hL ug{] sfo{ cToGt} r'gf}tLk"0f{/Xof] . t/ klg To:tf r'gf}tL;Fu ;fdgf ub}{sltko dflg;x?nfO{ hLjLt} p4f/ ug{p4f/sdL{x? ;kmn eP . cfh ljxfg eQmk'/sf]dxfnIdL 6f]naf6 g]kfnL ;]gfsf] p4f/ 6f]nLlxhf] e"sDk uP b]lv x/fO{ /x]sf % dlxgfsfafns ;f]lg; cjfnnfO{ hLljt} p4f/ ug{;kmn eof] . of] afnsnfO{ e"sDk uPsf] @@306f kl5 elTsPsf] 3/sf] eUgfjz]ifaf6;s'zn p4f/ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L 6sL{sf]vf]hL tyf p4f/ 6f]nLn] sf7df8f}+sf];LtfkfOnfaf6 Ps JolQmsf] hLljt} p4f/u/\of] .

zlgjf/sf] lbg ePklg lxhf] dxf/fhu~hl:yts/bftf ;]jf sfof{nodf n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwLsfddf ;FnUg /x]sf Ps dlxnf;lxt rf/sd{rf/Lsf] sfof{no /x]sf] ejg k"/} elTsbfd[To' ePsf]df eUgfjz]ifaf6 cfh pgLx?sf]nf; lgsflnof] .

c:ktfn

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf 7'nf c:ktfnx?dfe"sDkaf6 3fOt] ePsfx?sf] rfk cTolws5 . ljz]]if u/L xft efFlrPsf, v'6\6f efFlrPsf,



6fpsf]df rf]6 nfu]sf 3fOt]x? cTolws 5g\eg] e"sDksf sf/0f cflQP/ dfgl;s ;Gt'ngu'dfPsfx? jL/ c:ktfn, lqlj lzIf0f c:ktfn,;}lgs c:ktfn, k|x/L c:ktfn, lghfdtLc:ktfn, u+ufnfn, kf6g c:ktfn, eQmk'/c:ktfn cflb ;/sf/L c:ktfnsf ;fy}df]8]n, gle{s, d]l8s]o/, cf]d, u|f08L, An'qm; cflb lghL Joj:yfkgsf c:ktfnx?dfklg 3fOt]x?sf] 3'O{+rf] nfu]sf] 5 . cfsl:dssIfn] dfq :yfg gk'uL c:ktfnsf] vfnL/x]sf ;a} 7fpFdf lj/fdL /flvPsf 5g\ . lqljlzIf0f c:ktfnsf] ejg aflx/sf] v'nf:yfgnfO{ c:yfoL pkrf/ sIfdf kl/0ftul/Psf] 5 .

lxhf]sf] e"sDkdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf d'Vo;8s / k'nx? Ifltu|:t gePsfn] 3fOt]x?nfO{c:ktfn k'¥ofpg sl7gfO{ ePsf] 5}g .pkTosfsf ;a}h;f] ;/sf/L c:ktfnejgx?df e"sDkaf6 Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . t/pkrf/ ;]jf g} /f]Sg' kg]{ u/L Iflt ePsf]5}g . To;}n] pkTosfsf d'Vo c:ktfnx?df;]jf ;'rf? /x]sf] 5 . 7'nf] e"sDk cfpFbfklg ;8s, k'n / c:ktfn ejg rfn'cj:yfdf /xg' ;Gtf]ifsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .cGoyf c:ktfn g} k'Ug g;sL jf c:ktfnn];]jf lbg g;sL w]/} 3fOt]n] Hofg u'dfpg'kg]{ x'g;SYof] . lxhf] lbpF;f] b]lv cfh;fFem;Dddf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf ljleGgc:ktfnx?df u/L rf/ xhf/eGbf al9 3fOt]sf]pkrf/ eO{;s]sf] 5 .

lzIf0f ;+:yf

e"sDkn] lzIf0f ;+:yfx? g/fd|/L k|efljtePsf 5g\ . j}zfvsf] klxnf] ;ftf b]lv k|f/DeePsf] gofF z}lIfs ;qdf cl:t z'qmaf/;Ddb]lvPsf] k7g–kf7gsf] pT;fxhgs jftfj/0fcfh b'MvfGts aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

lxhf] zlgjf/sf] labf kl5 cfh lzIf0f ;+:yfx?;~rfng x'g'kg]{df e"sDkn] km}nfPsf] ;Gqfz/ lzIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] Ifltu|:t ef}lts cj:yfsfsf/0f k7g– kf7g ;Dej ePg . ;/sf/n]e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt lhNnf eg]/ !! j6flhNnfnfO{ tf]Sof] . tL lhNnfdf sf7df8f}+,nlntk'/, eQmk'/, sfe|], l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf,/fd]5fk, wflbª, uf]/vf, g'jfsf]6 / /;'jf5g\ . tL lhNnfsf lzIf0f ;+:yfx?nfO{ Ps;ftfsf nflu ljbf lbg] ;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/]sf]5 . ;fy} lzIfs, cleefjs / dflyNnf]sIffsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfcfkm\gf] If]qdf p4f/sfo{df kl/rflnt x'g ;fj{hlgs clkn u/]sf]5 . ;fy} oxL a}zfv @) ut] b]lv ;~rfngx'g'kg]{ sIff !@ sf] k"j{lgwf{l/t clGtd k/LIffe"sDksf sf/0f pTkGg hl6n kl/l:yltnfO{b[li6ut u/L xfnnfO{ :ylut ul/Psf] ;"rgfklg ;/sf/n] cfh hf/L u¥of] . e"sDkn] w]/}ljBfno ejgx? Ifltu|:t ePklg ljutdfe"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfO{ agfO{Psf jfk'gM;alns/0f ul/Psf :s'n ejgx? eg];'/lIft /x]sf 5g\ . tL :s'n ejgx?df lxhf]b]lv ;of}+ kl/jf/ c:yfoL cf>o lnP/al;/x]sf 5g\ .

ef]lnkN6

tflnd k|fKt 8sdL{x?n] agfPsf] 3/ / :s"neTs]g

sf7df8f}+ pkTosf nufot b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfdfJofks hgwgsf] Iflt x'g] u/L e'O+{rfnf] cfPsf]ef]lnkN6 klg dflg;x? e'O{+rfnf]sf] qfzaf6 d'Qm x'g;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . To;dfly cfh klg lg/Gt/ cfO{/x]sf k/sDk / cem} 7"nf] e'O{rfnf] cfpF5 eGg] xNnfn]dflg;x?nfO{ a9L kL/f]nL/x]sf] 5 .

6f]nd} al;/xg efO{rfsf] dgn] dfg]g . pm kl/jf/nfO{hfgsf/L lbP/ klxnf cfkm'n] agfPsf :s'n ejgx?sf]cj:yf a'em\g eg]/ lx+8\of] . lxhf]eGbf cfh df]afOnkmf]gn] sfd u/]sfn] p;n] cfkm\gf tflndk|fKt 8sdL{

;fyLx?nfO{ klg cfkm'x?n] agfPsf :s'ndfaf]nfof] . ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx? s]xL klggrn]sfn] pgLx? k}bn lx+8]/} :s'ndf e]nf eP .pgLx?n] e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfP/ kfFr jif{cl3cfkm"n] agfPsf sIff sf]7fx?nfO{ /fd|/L lgofn]/ x]/]

!@

r



af6f]sf] l:ylt

e"sDksf] sf/0f sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf af6f]sf]l:ylt cfjfudg g} aGb ug{'kg]{ lsl;dn]Ifltu|:t ePsf] 5}g . ;8stkm{ t'ngfTds?kdf a9L c;/ eQmk'/ hfg] 5 n]gsf];8ssf] nf]xsGynL If]qdf dfq k/]sf] 5 .e"sDksf sf/0f To; 7fpFdf ;8s s]xL rs]{sf]/ efl:;Psf] 5 . o;}u/L lqk'/]Zj/, yfkfynL/ /fd zfx kydf klg ;8s rls{Psf 5g\t/ cfjfudg /f]lsPsf] 5}g . uf]+ua', ;fdfv'zL,;LtfkfOnf, skg cflb If]qsf w]/} ejgdfuDeL/ c;/ k/L hgwgsf] Jofks IfltePtfklg tL :yfgsf ;8s / k'nx? eg]Iflt x'gaf6 ar]sf 5g\ . w/x/f 9n] klgTo; glhs 6'Fl8v]nsf] rf/}tkm{sf PstkmL{d"n;8s Iflt ePsf] 5}g . a;Gtk'/, xg'dfg9f]sf If]qsf ;Dkbf :ynx?df Jofks IfltePklg ToxfFsf ;8s eg] oyfjt\ 5g\ .o;}u/L kf6g b/af/ If]q / eQmk'/ b/af/If]qdf klg ;Dkbf:ynx? e"sDkaf6 k|efljtePklg ;8s, af6f]nfO{ e"sDkn] g5f]Psf]k|i6 b]lvG5 .

pkTosfleqsf 7'nf ;fgf s'g} klg k'ndfe"sDksf sf/0f uDeL/ Iflt ePsf] 5}g .sf7df8f}+nfO{ nlntk'/ / eQmk'/;Fu hf]8\g];a} k'nx? cfjfudgof]Uo 5g\ . tLg} lhNnfsfzx/L If]qleqsf ;fgf af6fx? / u|fdL0fe]usf af6fx?df klg cfjfudg /f]lsPsf]5}g . a? sltko :yfgdf af6f]sf] bfofFafofFsf 3/ eTs]sfn] To;sf] O{+6f, df6f] cflbaf6f]df y'lk|P/ af6f] ;fF3'l/Psf] 5 .

hfkfg – g]kfn ch]{G6 sf]Nofaf]/]l6e l/;r{

;e]{ k|f]u|fdn] u/]sf] cWoogcg';f/ nlntk'/sf]em?jf/f;L, a'ªdtL, Odf8f]n, xflQjg, d'nkfgL,sf7df8f}+sf] dgd}h', /fdsf]6, :o'rf6f/,u'Xo]Zj/L/ eQmk'/sf] b'jfsf]6 / rfFu'gf/fo0f cflb u/L!! :yfgdf t/nLs/0f (Liquefaction) ePsf]kQf nfUof] . oL :yfgx?df e"sDksf sf/0fhldgaf6 kfgL, afn'jf, df6f] ;lxtsf] t/naflx/ cfPsf] b]lvof] .

vfg]kfgL

e"sDk jf k|foMh;f] h'g;'s} k|sf]k kl5 klgvfg]kfgLsf] xfxfsf/ Ps d'Vo r'gf}tL aGghfG5 . t/ o;k6s eg] vfg]kfgLsf] Tolt7'nf] ;d:of k/]g . To;f] t ;fdfGo cj:yfd}klg sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf vfg]kfgLsf] cefjgofF s'/f xf]Og . lxhf]sf] e"sDkaf6 pkTosfdfljt/0f ul/g] vfg]kfgLsf l/hEjf{o/, klDkª:6]zg / kfOk nfOgx? uDeL/ ?kdf Ifltu|:tgePsf / ;8sx? rfn' cj:yfd} ePsfn]6\ofª\s/ cfjfudgdf ;d]t sl7gfO{ gePsf]xF'bf kfgLsf] cfk"lt{df 7"nf] ;d:of b]lvPsf]5}g . ;fy} hf/ / ldg/njf6/sf] af]tndfkfgL pknAw u/fpg] kl/kf6L pkTosfdfJofks k|rngdf /x]sf]n] of] ljkb\sf] a]nfdfklg kfgLsf] vf;} xfxfsf/ ePsf] 5}g .6F'l8v]n, hfjnfv]n, ;Nnfwf/L nufot ljleGg;fj{hlgs v'nf:yfgdf lxhf] b]lv cf>olnO/x]sf kLl8tx?nfO{ 6\ofª\s/, hf/ /af]tnaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"tL{ ul/Psf] 5 .

3/sf] sf};L jf 5tdf /flvPsf kfgL6\ofª\sLx?nfO{ eg] e"sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofPsf]b]lvG5 . sltko 6\ofª\sLx? v;]sf 5g\ eg]sltkon] 7fpF 5f]8]sf 5g\ . Ifltu|:t 3/sf]

t/ lxhf]sf] e'O{+rfnf]n] tL sIff sf]7fx?nfO{ s]xL c;/u/]sf] kfPgg\ .

t/ ;f]xL :s'ndf To:tf] k|ljlw gckgfO{ b'O{ jif{cl3dfq agfOPsf] :s'nsf] sfof{no ejg eg] k"/}elTsPsf] lyof] . sfof{no ejg elTsbf w]/} ef}lts;fdfgx?sf] Iflt ePsf] lyof] . e'O{+rfnf] zlgjf/cfPsf]n] sfof{no elTsbf klg s;}sf] Hofg hfg]jf ;Vt 3fOt] x'g] b'Mvb cj:yf cfPsf] lyPg .e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfP/ / gckgfOsg 3/agfpFbf s] km/s kbf]{ /x]5 eGg] k|df0f cfkm\g} cuf8Lk|ToIf :ki6 ePsf]n] efO{rf / p;sf ;xsdL{ 8sdL{;fyLx?n] ;Gtf]ifsf] nfdf] ;f; km]/] . To; :s'ndfklg sIff sf]7f vfnL u/fO{ lxh} /flt b]lv ljz]if u/Ldlxnf, s]6fs]6L, ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L, lj/fdL, a[4a[4f,ckfª\utf ePsf, b[li6ljxLg cflbn] cf>o lnO/x]sf

lyP . e'O{+rfnf]n] :jf:Yo rf}sL eTsfOlbPsf]n] b'O{j6fsIff sf]7fdf ;fdfGo 3fOt] / lj/fdLx?sf] pkrf/ug{ c:yfoL Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] lyof] . of] b]v]/efO{rf / p;sf ;fyLx?n] :s'n eg]sf] vfnL s]6fs]6Lk9fpg] 7fpF dfq xf]Og /x]5, ljkb\ kl/cfPsf] a]nfdf

!#

5



hldgd'gL /x]sf kfgL 6\ofª\sLx? klg k|of]udfcfpg ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . e"sDkn] hldgd'gLxnrn u/fO{ lbPsf]n] pkTosfsf sltko:yfgsf ;'sL;s]sf 9'ª\u]wf/f / s'jfx?dfkfgL cfpg yfn]sf] 5 eg] lxhf]cl:t;DdkfgL cfpg] u/]sf sltko 9'ª\u]wf/f / s'jfx?dfkfgL cfpg aGb ePsf 5g\ . ;'Gwf/f, afO;wf/fnufotdf eg] e"sDk cl3 / kl5sf] l:yltdfs]xL km/s cfPg, oyfjt\ g} /x\of] . kfgLsf]cefjdf klg Jojxf/ rnfpg aiff}{ b]lvcEo:t /x]sf pkTosfaf;Lx?nfO{ e"sDkkl5c? w]/} s'/fdf ;d:of k/] klg kfgLsf] eg]vf;} 7'nf] ;d:of k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .

pkTosfleq hldgd'gLsf] k'/fgf] kfOk nfOgdfe"sDkdf hldg xlNn+bf s]xL Iflt k'u]sf] 5. e"sDksf sf/0f lqk'/]Zj/, rfj]n dfxfFsfn/ hfjnfv]ndf /x]sf] vfg]kfgL sfof{nosfejgdf s]xL Iflt k'Ug uof] .

ljB't

lxhf]sf] e"sDksf sf/0f pkTosfdf ljB'tljt/0f k|efljt ePsf] 5 . sltko :yfgsf6«fG;kmd{/df c;/ k/]sf] 5 eg] sltkoljB'tsf vDaf / tf/x?n] cfkm\gf] 7fpF 5f8]sf5g\ . o;n] ubf{ lxh} b]lv ljB't cfk"tL{k|efljt ePsf] 5 . :o"rf6f/ ljB't s]Gb| /b]jL3f6 ljB't cfof]hgfdf lxhf] e"sDkn]c;/ kf/]sf sf/0f ljB't cfk"lt{ cj?4ePsf]df cfjZos dd{t ;'wf/ u/L cfh b]lvljB't ;'rf? ul/Psf] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn]hgfPsf] 5 . t/ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf klg ljB'tef/ s6f}tL - nf]8 ;]l8ª_df cEo:t sf7df8f}+pkTosfjf;Ln] o;nfO{ 7'nf] ;d:ofsf] ?kdf

!$

lnPsf 5}gg\ . h]g/]6/, ;f}o{ aQL, Jof6«L,d}gaQL cflb j}slNks pkfoåf/f cFWof/f]x6fpg] pkfo ul/Psf] 5 . vfgf ksfpg]sfdsf nflu ljB'teGbf Uof; g} a9L k|rngdf/x]sf]n] ljB'tsf] cefjn] vf;} 7'nf] c;/kf/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . s/]G6 ;6{ eP/ cfunfuLePsf] jf dflg;nfO{ s/]G6 nfu]/ b'3{6gfePsf] klg ;'lgPsf] 5}g . 3/ Ifltu|:t ePsf/ k/sDk lg/Gt/ cfO/x]sf]n] dflg;x? 3/leqa:g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . t;y{ 3/leq ljB'tcfk"lt{ eP gePsf] s'/fn] vf;} dxTj /fv]sf]5}g . ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ljB't cfk"lt{sf] k|ToIf;/f]sf/ df]afOn kmf]g rfh{;Fu k/]sf] 5 .

kmf]g

e"sDksf sf/0f 6]lnkmf]g k|0ffnLdf vf;} 7'nf]c;/ k/]sf] 5}g . 6]lnkmf]gsf tf/, Soflag]6/ vDafx?df w]/} Iflt ePsf] 5}g . ut s]xLaif{ cl3 b]lv g} df]afOn kmf]gsf] Jofksk|of]un] ubf{ 3/sf Nof08nfOg kmf]g sd}dfq k|of]udf cfpg] u/]sf lyP . lxhf]sf]e"sDk / lg/Gt/sf] k/sDksf sf/0f dflg;x?3/ aflx/} /x]sfn] 3/leq /x]sf Nof08nfOgkmf]gsf] k|of]u x'g] l:ylt 5}g .

t/ df]afOn kmf]gx?sf] eg] Jofks k|of]ueO{/x]sf 5g\ . df]afOn rfh{ ug{ eg] ;xh5}g . 7fpF 7fpFdf ;fd'lxs ?kdf df]afOnrfh{ ug]{ Joa:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . sltkon]uf8Lsf] Aof6«L, OGe6{/, sDKo'6/ cflbdf klgdf]afOn rfh{ u/fO/x]sf b]lvG5g\ . ljb]zaf6cfkmGtx?n] g]kfnsf] e"sDkaf/] rf;f] /fv]/lg/Gt/ kmf]g ul//x]sfn] /flt klg df]afOnkmf]gx? Jo:t /x]sf 5g\ .

e"sDksf sf/0f g]kfn 6]lnsdsf !% j6fdfOqmf] j]e ln+s, !% j6f ejg, %@% j6flal6P;, k|zf/0f 6fj/ !) j6f / kmfOa/ b'O{j6fdf s]xL IflTf eof] .

cfd;~rf/

lxhf]sf] e"sDksf sf/0f cfd;~rf/ dfWodx?lgs} k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . uf]/vfkq b}lgssfv]ns'b kqsf/ ;'dg aDhg lxhf] b]lv ;Dks{df5}gg\ . ;Fu}sf] 3/ e"sDkn] eTsfpFbf sfdgfk|sfzg sfof{no Ifltu|:t ePsfn] g]kfn;dfrf/kq b}lgs k|sflzt x'g;s]g . /]l8of] g]kfnn] e"sDk nuQ} b]lve"sDk / Iflts} ljifodf dfq s]lGb|t/xL



lg/Gt/ ljz]if k|;f/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . e"sDkcl3;Dd b}lgs !* 306f k|;f/0f x'Fb} cfPsf]/]l8of] g]kfnn] lxhf] b]lv cfkm\gf] k|;f/0fnfO{lj>fd lbPsf] 5}g . Pkm=Pd= k|zf/0fx? s]xL;do ca?4 ePklg k'gM k|;f/0f ePsf5g\ . t/ sltko Pkm=Pd=x?n] k|;f/0fsf];do s6f}tL u/]sf 5g\ . ;a}h;f] /]l8of]k|;f/0fdf e"sDk ;DaGwL rrf{n] g} d'Vo:yfg kfPsf 5g\ eg] lgoldt sfo{qmdx?:ylut ul/Psf 5g\ .

6]lnlehg :6];gx?n] klg cfkm\gf] k|;f/0frnfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L e"sDkaf6sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / cGo lhNnfdf ePsf]ef}lts Ifltsf b[io k|;f/0f eO{/x]sf 5g\ .t/ k/sDk lg/Gt/ cfO{/x]sfn] 3/leq a;]/6]lnlehg k|;f/0f x]g]{ w}o{ w]/} sddf dfqb]lvPsf] 5 . s]an ck/]6/ ;]jf klg w]/} g}k|efljt ePsfn] 6]lnlehg k|zf/0fdf afwfk'u]sf] 5 .

ljleGg b}lgs kqklqsfx?df e"sDkaf6 ePsf]c;/sf ;dfrf/ / kmf]6f]x? 5flkPsf 5g\ .w/x/f, sfi7d08k, a;Gtk'/, kf6gb/af/If]q, eQmk'/ b/af/ If]q cflb :yfgdf e"sDkn]kf/]sf] Ifltsf kmf]6f]x? 5flkPsf 5g\ . b}lgsklqsfx?df Jofks ?kdf cfPsf d'Vo ;dfrf/lzif{s o:tf 5g\ –

…dxfe"sDksf] dxfljgfzÚ…dxfe"sDkdf ;of}+ xtfxt\ Ú…() ;fn kl5sf] 7"nf] e"sDkÚ…e"sDksf] ljgfzlnnfÚ…w/x/fnufotsf w/f]x/ Wj:tÚ

…s]Gb|ljGb' uf]/vfsf] af/kfs Wj:tÚ…dxfe"sDkdf !% ;o a9L xtfxt\, xhf/f}+3fOt]Ú

…Killer earthquake hits nation’ cflb .

/fhwfgLaf6 k|sflzt k|d'v b}lgsx?n] cfhljz]if ;DkfbsLo dfkm{t p4f/ / /fxtdfs'g} sdL sdhf]/L gxf];\ egL hf]8 lbPsf5g\ .

e"sDkn] klqsf k|sfzgsf] k|fljlws sfddf kf/]sf] uDeL/ c;/sf sf/0f cfh sltkoklqsf k|sflzt x'g ;s]gg\ . cfOtaf/k|sflzt x'g'kg]{ ;fKtflxs kqklqsfx?n] lgs}7'nf] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{' k¥of] . c? af/k|sflzt x'g] klqsfx?nfO{ eg] ;dosf] rfkTolt k/]g . s]xL klqsf k[i7 36fP/ k|sflzteP .

s]xL cgnfOg ;dfrf/x? d'Vo?kdf e"sDks};dfrf/ k|jfx ug{df ;lqmo /x] eg] s]xLcgnfOg cj?4 klg eP .

sf7df8f}+l:yt ljb]zL ;~rf/ dfWodsfk|ltlglwx? e"sDkn] kf/]sf] hgwgsf] Ifltaf/]cGt/f{li6«o hutdf ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug{lg/Gt/ Jo:t /x] . sltko ljb]zL ;~rf/dfWodx? cfkm\gf sfo{qmd ejg Ifltu|:tePsfn] ;'/lIft ejg vf]Hb} cNksfnsf nflu:yfgfGt/0f ePsf 5g\ . o;qmddf e"sDkLo;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfO{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] Pg;]6sf]e}+;]kf6Ll:tt sfof{no ejg klg ;~rf/dfWodsf nflu cfkt\sf a]nf ;xof]uL aGgk'u]sf] 5 .

:s'nsf] dxTj emg\ 7"nf] x'Fbf] /x]5 eGg] :ki6a'em] .

:s'nsf] xfnva/ a'em\g] qmddf k|wfgfWofks;FupgLx?sf] e]6 eof] . k|wfgfWofksn] efO{rf / p;sf8sdL{ ;fyLx?nfO{ b]v]/ eg] – ……x]g{':g, of] sfof{noejg klg tkfO{x?nfO{ g} agfpg lbg'kg]{ /x]5,tkfO{x?n] agfPsf] sIff sf]7fx? s]xL ePsf] 5}g,kl5 agfPsf] sfof{nosf] of] xfnt eof], 7'nf] uNtLul/P5 .ÚÚ

efO{rfn] eGof] – ……h] eof] eO{of] ;/, ca o;sf]k'glg{df{0f ubf{ rfFlx e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfpg}k5{ .ÚÚ

……ca t r]tLxflnof] lg gfOs] bfO{, ca t h] agfP klg

!%

e'O{rfnf] y]Ug] u/]/ dfq agfpg] xf], xf]Og eg] a?agfpFb} gagfpg] . of] sfof{no k'glg{df{0f ubf{ tkfO{x?n]g} ;xof]u ug{'k5{ x}, d}n] clxn] b]lv g} elg/fVof 5'tkfO{x?nfO{, kl5 km]l/ EofpFlbg eGg kfOb}g lg .ÚÚk|wfgfWofksn] cfkm\gf] rf;f] JoQm u/] .

h



:yfgdf k'¥ofpg] / hnfpg] sfd tLa|ultdfeO{/x]sf] 5 . yf]/} ;doleq w]/} nf;x?cfPsfn] ;a} 3f6df nf; hnfpg] kfnf] kv{g;DalGwt cfkmGtx?n] w]/} ;do Joltt ug{'kl//x]sf] 5 .

hgdfg;sf] cj:yf

lxhf]sf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDk / To;kl5 nuftf/cfO{/x]sf k/sDkx?n] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf]hgdfg; cToGt} q:t ag]sf] 5 . cfhcfOtaf/ lbpF;f] !@=%$ ah] l;Gw'kfNrf]s/ bf]nvfsf] ;Ldfgfdf s]Gb|ljGb' ePsf] ^=(DoflUgRo'8sf] lgs} hf]8sf] k/sDk uof] .o;n] ubf{ dflg;x? emg cflQP . of] k/sDkkl5 … cfh /flt;Dddf * /]S6/sf] 7"nf]e"sDk cfpF5Ú eGg] xNnf Jofks ?kdf rNof]. To:tf e|fds xNnfsf] kl5 gnfUg u[xdGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs clkn g} hf/L u¥of]

e"sDkn] al9 Iflt k'¥ofPsf :yfgx?dfdflg;x?sf] l:ylt gfh's 5 . e"sDksf]rk]6fdf k/L cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:ou'dfpg]x?sf] ?jfaf;L Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ hLjge/sf] sdfO{ nufP/, C0f;fk6u/]/ agfPsf] 3/ Wj:t x'g]x?sf] j]bgf a]Un}5 . sf]xL of] b'a} rf]6 Ps}k6s ;xg afWo5g\ . afnaflnsf, a[4a[4f, lj/fdL, ue{jtL,;'Ts]/L, b[li6ljxLg / cfkfª\utf ePsfJolQmx?n] lgs} 7"nf] ;f:tL v]Kg' kl//x]sf]5 . cfkm\gf] 3/ elTsPsf] b]v]/ 7fpF 7fpFdfslnnf afnaflnsfx?n] ?Fb} afa'cfdfnfO{ …xfd|f] 3/ vf]O{ < ca xfdL sxFf a:g] < Úeg]/ ;f]lw/x]sf b[io lgs} dfld{s b]lvG5 .

;a}lt/ kfnsf] vf]hL Jofks eO{/x]sf] 5 t/kfn pknAw u/fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . kfnsf]df}Hbft /fv]sf ;+:yfx? g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfnk|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L,ljb]zL bft[;+:yfx?, ko{6g Joj;foL, 6]G6tyf 6f/kf]lng Joj;foL cflb;Fu ePsfkfnx? c:yfO{ lzlj/x?df k|of]u ePsf5g\ . t/ k'u]sf] 5}g .

pkTosfleqsf 7'nf;fgf v'nf :yfgx? ;a}c:yfO{ a;f]af;n] el/e/fp 5g\ . kof{Ktv'nf 7fpFsf] cefj clxn] 68\sf/f] v6\lsPsf]5 . u[x dGqfnon] cfh e"sDksf] qf; ;fDogeP;Ddsf nflu cNksfnLg a;f]af;sfnflu sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq !^ :yfgnfO{;'/lIft / pko'Qm :yfg egL lgwf{/0f u/]sf]5 . h;cg';f/ 6'Fl8v]n, /Ëzfnf, ;fgf]

!^

ahf/

lxhf]sf] 7'nf] e"sDk / To;kl5 lg/Gt/cfO/x]sf k/sDksf sf/0f sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsfd'Vo ahf/ v'Ng ;s]sf 5}gg\ . e"sDkaf6a9L k|efljt ePsf 7fpF / 6f]nx?df k;n/x]sf 3/x? klg elTsPsf 5g\ . sd k|efljtIf]qsf k;nx? eg] s]xL 306fsf nflu v'n]sf5g\ . To:tf k;nx?df ljz]if u/L b}lgspkef]usf vfBa:t' / cGo ;fdfg lsGgu|fxsx?sf] eL8 nfu]sf] b]lvG5 . rfprfp,lrp/f, bfndf]7, e'lhof, nfvfd/L cflb nfdf];do;Dd klg glau|g] vfnsf vfg]s'/fx?sf]dfu al9/x]sf] 5 . 3/ aflx/} a;]sfx?nfO{Uof; pknAw ePdf vfgf ksfP/ vfg ;lsg]ePsf]n] Uof;sf] dfu klg lgs} a9]sf] 5 .c;g, ef]6flx6L, OGb|rf]s, If]qkf6L, goFf;8s, k'tnL;8s, kf6gsf] d+unahf/, eQmk'/ahf/ cflb d'Vo ahf/ If]q k|foM ;'g;fgb]lvG5, s]xL 306fsf nflu dfq v'n]sfk;nx? afx]s . pkTosfleqsf u|fdL0f e]usfk;nx? klg laxfg / ck/fGx s]xL a]/ dfqv'n]sf b]lvG5g\ .

bfx;+:sf/

lxhf]sf] e"sDkdf k/L pkTosfdf Hofgu'dfpg]x?sf] ;+Vof cfh ;fFem ;Dddf !,!%@k'u]sf] 5 . eUgfjz]ifaf6 nf; lgsfNg] sfdn]cem tLa| ult kfO;s]sf] 5}g . k|fKt ePsfzjx? k/LIf0fsf nflu lqe'jg ljZjljBfnolzIf0f c:ktfn dxf/fhu~hdf /flvPsf]5 .

bfx;+:sf/sf nflu k|lqmof k'u]sf nf;x?zjjfxgaf6 kz'klt cfo{3f6, sfndf]rg,OGb|fo0fL, lji0f'dtL, xg'dfg3f6, z+vd"n cflb



uf}r/0f, gS;fn gf/fo0f rf}/, ;z:q k|x/Lsf]xNrf]s d}bfg, anDa', l;gfd+un, sLlt{k'/,hfjnfv]n, v'dn6f/, ;]G6 h]leo;{ d}bfg,k'Nrf]s OlGhlgol/ª SofDk;, tLgs'g], eQmk'/;Nnf3f/L, eQmk'/ b/af/ :Sjfo/ / ;/:jtLdflj sdnljgfos 5g\ .

b}lgs hLjg k"/} k|efljt ePsf] 5 . ahf/;'g;fg b]lvG5 eg] pBf]u, snsf/vfgf klg7Kk /x] .

;af]{Rr cbfnt / pkTosfsf ;a} cbfntx?dfcfhsf ;a} d'4f / k]zL :ylut ul/Psf]5 . ;/sf/L tyf cGo sfof{nox?df ;fj{hlgsljbf gelgP klg sd{rf/Lx?sf] pkl:yltcToGt Go"g /Xof] eg] clt h?/L sfd afx]scGo sfd x'g ;Sg] l:ylt lyPg . t/;'/IffsdL{, :jf:YosdL{ tyf ;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{eg] sfd EofOgEofO{ 5 . pgLx? lj>fd;d]tglnO{ ljxfg b]lv /flt;Dd cfkm\gf] sfddfh'l6/x]sf 5g\ . h'g;'s} :yfgdf /x]sf dflg;sfd'vdf klg e"sDkafx]s c? ljifosf] rrf{5}g . Ifltu|:t ;Dkbf:ynx? w/x/f,sfi7d08k, a;Gtk'/, kf6g b/af/ If]q,eQmk'/ b/af/ If]q cflb :yfgdf Ifltsf] b[iox]g{ dflg;x?sf] 3'O{+rf] nfu]sf] 5 . sltkokmf]6f] lvRgdf Jo:t 5g\ eg] sltko km]l/tL ;Dkbf oyfjt\ k'glg{df{0f xf]nf ls gxf]nfeGg] rf;f] / lrGtf JoQm ul//x]sfkfOG5g\ .

efO{rf / p;sf ;fyLx?n] Ps} :j/df eg] – ……e} xfN5lg ;/, va/ kfPkl5 xfdL cfO{xfN5f} lg .ÚÚ

To;kl5 pgLx? To;} 6f]ndf pgLx?n] agfPsf lghL3/x?sf] cj:yf x]g{ uP . rf/ jif{ klxn] agfPsf]c9fO{tn] 3/sf] cfFugdf k'Ubf 3/wgLn] pgLx?nfO{cFufnf] xfn]/ wGoafb lbP . e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlwckgfP/ agfOPsf] Tof] 3/df lxhf]sf] e'O{+rfnf]n] s]xLklg lauf/]sf] lyPg, sf};Ldf /flvPsf] kfgL 6\ofªsLsf]kmnfd] :6\of08dfq afª\uf] eP5 . t/ Tof] 3/sf] l7scuf8L kf]x/ ;fn dfq agfOPsf] t/ e"sDkLo ;'/Iffk|ljlw gckgfOPsf] 3/sf] blIf0ftkm{sf] uf/f] k"/}elTsPsf] 5 eg] k"j{tkm{ tn b]lv dfly;Dd 7f8f] u/Lrs]{sf] 5 . To; 3/sf 3/wgL cfkm\gf] 3/sf] xfntb]v]/ clxn] la/fdL g} k/]sf 5g\ /] .

efO{rfx? To; 6f]ndf cfkm"x?n] agfPsf c? 3/x?sf]klg cj:yf a'em\g uP . pgLx?nfO{ b]v]/ tL 3/sf3/wgL / kl/jf/ v';L eP / alnof] 3/ agfO lbPsf]dfcfef/ JoQm u/] . tL 3/x?df Knf:6/ rs]{sf], /ªplKsPsf], em\ofnsf P]gf km'6]sf], kfgL 6\ofª\sL, ;f]nf/

!&

u[x dGqfnon] cfh ;fFem ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]hfgsf/L cg';f/ e"sDku|:t ljleGg lhNNffx?dfu/L @,$#) hgfsf] d[To' eO{;s]sf] 5 eg]kfFr xhf/eGbf a9L 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .

pkTosfsf 7"nf 3/x? eTsbf To;sfdflnsx? klg clxn] kfndf cf]t nfUg afWoePsf 5g\ . 3/ eTs]sf] jf a:g hf]lvd x'g]cj:yfsf 3/klt / To;df axfndf a:g]x?klg clxn] Pp6} kfnd'gL /ft s6fO /x]sf5g\ . lxhf]sf] e"sDk / To;kl5sf lg/Gt/k/sDkx?n] pkTosfjf;Lx?sf] l:ylt, ;f]r/ Jojxf/df k"/} xn\rn\ NofOlbPsf] 5 . cfh/flt !) ah]lt/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf s]xLjiff{ eof] . o;n] ubf{ kfn, lqkfn cflbdfh]gt]g cf]t nfu]/ a;]sf dflg;x?nfO{ yk;f:tL x'g uof] .

Kofgnn] 7fpF 5f]8]sf] cflb h:tf clt ;fdfGo Ifltafx]s 3/sf] ;+/rgfdf s'g} Iflt ePsf] lyPg . of]b]v]/ efO{rf / p;sf ;fyLx?nfO{ ;fFlRrs} 7"nf] v';L/ ;Gtf]ifsf] cg'ej eof] .

6f]nx? 3'd]/ kms{g] qmddf efO{rf / ;fyLx?n] 7fpF7fpFdf dlGb/x? klg elTsPsf], s'g} dlGb/sf] uh'/v;]sf], 3/, k/vfn eTs]/ af6f]df O{+6f, 9'ª\uf cflbsf]y'k|f] nfu]/ af6f] ;fF3'/f] ePsf] b]v] .

em



Ps ;ftfkl5hgdfg;

nuftf/sf] k/sDkn]sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsfafl;Gbfx?nfO{ ql;tagfpg 5f]8]sf] 5}g . of]Ps ;ftf d'VotM kfnsf]hf]xf] ug]{, eUgfjz]ifdfk'l/Psf hLljt jfd[tsnfO{ aflx/ lgsfNg]/ /fxt ljt/0f ug]{sfddf pkTosf Jo:t/Xof] .

clxn];Dd ;+slnttYof+ª\s cg';f/

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ePsf] Ifltsf] ljj/0fo; k|sf/ 5 – sf7df8f}+df d[tssf] ;ª\Vof!,!$$, nlntk'/df !&! / eQmk'/df @^^hgf k'u]sf] 5 eg] b]zsf ljleGg lhNnf;d]tdf u/L ut zlgjf/sf] e"sDkdf k/LHofg u'dfpg]x?sf] ;ª\Vof of] klxnf];ftf;Dddf ^,@^) k'lu;s]sf] u[x dGqfnon]hgfPsf] 5 . o;}u/L e"sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofPsfpkTosf nufot ljleGg lhNnfdf u/L 3fOt]x'g]x?sf] ;ª\Vof !#, (#@ k'u]sf] hgfOPsf]5 .

e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+sf] s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/ Ifltu|:tx'Fbf !^ hgf s}bLaGbLsf] d[To' / (# hgf3fOt] x'g k'u] .

g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfnk|x/Lnufot ljb]zaf6 cfPsf vf]hL tyfp4f/ 6f]nLsf] cbDo ;fx; / Ifdtfsf sf/0f

sltko e"sDku|:t :yfgaf6 hLljt} p4f/ug{ ;Dej ePsf s]xL 36gf of] ;ftf ljz]ifrrf{ / rf;f]sf] ljifo aGg uof] .

o;df ljz]iftM e"sDkn] 3/ eTsfpFbf k'l/Psf]JolQmnfO{ kfFr lbg kl5 hLljt} p2f/ ug{;z:q k|x/L an ;kmn ePsf] 36gf rlr{t/Xof] . uf]uFa'l:yt Ps u]i6 xfp;df sfo{/t!% jifL{o k]Daf tfdfªnfO{ ;z:q k|x/L ansf]cbDo ;fx;af6 gofF hLjg k|fKt eof] .

o;}u/L e"sDksf sf/0f elTsPsf] 3/dfk'l/Psf @& jifL{o Ps o'js Clif vgfnnfO{;z:q k|x/L an / k|mfG;sf] p4f/ 6f]nLsf];+o'Qm k|of;af6 k'l/Psf] *@ 306f kl5hLljt} p4f/ ul/of] .

o;}u/L k'l/Psf] #^ 306fkl5 $) jlif{of dfofl;6f}nfnfO{ ef/tLo p4f/6f]nLn] ;s'znp4f/ u¥of] .

o:t} g]kfnL ;]gfn] k|mfG;, gj]{ tyf Oh/fonsfp4f/ 6f]nLsf] ;d]t ;xof]udf s[i0ff b]jLv8\sfnfO{ k'l/Psf] 5 lbg kl5 ;s'zn p4f/ug{ ;kmn eof] .

o:t} ljb]zL gful/s hf]g s]O;LnfO{ klgk'l/Psf] sl/j ^) 306f kl5 klg hLljtp4f/ ug{ 6sL{sf] p4f/ 6f]nL ;kmn eof] .

e"sDksf sf/0f Ps} k6s w]/} nf;x? clGtd;+:sf/sf nflu NofOPsfn] kz'klt cfo{3f6dfnf; hnfpgsf nflu w]/} ;do kv{g' kg]{cj:yf b]lvof] . of] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{jfudtLsf] lsgf/df yk lrtfsf] Joj:yful/of] . zj hnfpg bfp/fsf] cefj gxf];\egL jg ljefun] kz'klt ljsf; sf]if dfkm{tbfp/f lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fof] . o;}aLr 7"nf]

Hofg ;d]t hf]lug] /x]5 eGg] klg pgLx?n] :ki6cg'ej ul//x]sf 5g\ . 3/ elTsPs} sf/0fn]dflg;x? w]/} d/]sf], 3fOt] ePsf] cg'ej efO{rfn]klxnfsf] e'O{+rfnf]df klg u/]sf] lyof], h;df p;sf]3/ / ;;'/fnL 3/ eTsbf cfkm\gf] afa' / kTgL ;w}+sfnflu u'dfPsf] lyof] eg] 5f]/f] ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf]lyof] . o;kfnLsf] e'O{+rfnf]df p;sf] cfkm\g} kl/jf/dfs'g} 7'nf] Iflt geP klg 6f]n l5d]sdf ePsf] Ifltb]Vbf p;n] klxn] cfkm'n] ef]uL;s]sf] kL8f clxn];lDem/x]sf] 5 .

k/sDk cfpg] qmd hf/L g} 5 . To;}n] dflg;x?8/fpg 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . To;dfly cem 7'nf] e'O{+rfnf]cfpFb} 5 eg]/ a]nfa]nfdf rNg] u/]sf] xNnfn]dflg;x?nfO{ cTofO{ /x]sf] 5 . c:yfO{cf>o:ynx?df eL8ef8 g} 5 . sltko slxn] cfkm\gf]

Ps xKtfkl5

:jod\;]jfdf Jo:t 5 p;sf] kl/jf/

:s'ndf cf>o lnO/x]sf] efO{rfsf] kl/jf/ e'O{+rfnf]n]s'g} Iflt gu/]sf] cfkm\g} 3/df kmls{;s]sf] 5 .e'O{+rfnf]n] Iflt gk'¥ofPsf 3/x? 6f]ndf yf]/} dfq5g\ . efO{rfsf] cfkm\gf] 3/ / p;n] agfPsf cGo 3/tyf :s'n ejg cflbnfO{ e'O{rfnf]n] s'g} Iflt gu/]sf]s'/f 6f]n l5d]sdf clxn] rrf{sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . pmcfkm\gf ;xsdL{ ;fyLx?nfO{ lnP/ ljleGg 6f]nx?3'Dgdf Jo:t 5 . o;/L 3'Dg]qmddf 3/ elTsP/ w]/}Iflt ePsf] b]Vbf pgLx?sf] dg g/dfOnf] eO{/x]sf]5 . w]/}h;f] 3/x? l7s tl/sfn] gagfOPsf]n] g}elTsg uPsf] pgLx?sf] 7DofO{ 5 . olb l7s tl/sfn]agfPsf] eP w]/} 3/ hf]lug] dfq xf]Og, dflg;x?sf]

!*

`



e"sDk h:tf] dxfljklQsf sf/0f w]/} hgfn]Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf d[tssfkl/jf/n] sfhlqmof 5f]6\ofpg' / ;fd'lxsbfx;+:sf/ ug{' ;d]t zf:q;Ddt x'g] wf/0ffk~rfª\u lg0ff{os ;ldltsf cWoIf k|f=8f=/fdrGb| uf}td, Hof]ltif k+= dfwj ;fksf]6fnufotåf/f cfd;~rf/ dfWod dfkm{t;fj{hlgs eof] . kl/l:yltsf] k|lts"ntfnfO{b[li6ut u/L sltko d[tssf ;Gtfgn] !#lbgsf] ;6\6f kfFr lbgdf lqmofsd{ ;DkGgu/] eg] ljleGg :yfgaf6 k|fKt ePsf s]xLj]jfl/; zax?sf] ;fd'lxs bfx;+:sf/ klgul/of] . ;/sf/n] d[tssf kl/jf/nfO{ k|ltd[ts ?=$) xhf/, 3/ k"0f{ Iflt ePsfkl/jf/nfO{ ? kfFr xhf/, 3/ cfFlzs IfltePsf kl/jf/nfO{ ? tLg xhf/ /fxt cg'bfg

lbg] / e"sDk kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ vfBfGgpknJw u/fpg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 .

o;}aLr æ!) /]S6/sf] e"sDk cfpFb} 5, 3/leqga;f}+Æ eg]/ 5}7f}+ lbg xNnf ub}+ lx+8\g] /dfOlsª ;d]t ;d]t ug]{ s]xL JolQmnfO{ k|x/Ln]pkTosfsf ljleGg :yfgaf6 lgoGq0fdflnof] . æTo:tf] xNnf lg/fwf/ / hgdfg;nfO{cTofpg] ck/flws sfo{ dfq xf]Æ eg]/ Pg;]6n]/]l8of] g]kfn nufotsf cf;~rf/ dfWodnfO{hfgsf/L u/fof] . kmn:j?k To:tf JolQmnfO{tTsfn sf/jfxL ul/of]; eGg] dfu ub}{;fdflhs ;~hfndf k|ltlqmofsf] cf]O/f] nfUof]eg] k|x/L klg t'?Gt} ;lqm eof] . xNnf ug]{x?tTsfn} kqmfp k/]sf] ;dfrf/ klg ;fj{hlgsePkl5 hgdfg; cf:j:t ePsf] lyof] .

;ftf}+ lbgsf] /flt sl/j ! jh] bf]nvf s]Gb|ljGb'/ ljxfgkv sl/j # ah] sf7df8f}+ s]Gb|ljGb'ePsf] b'O{ k/sDk dx;'; ul/of] . of]Ps;ftfleq rf/ DoflUgRo'8 eGbf dflysf!!* k/sDk uP . uf]/vf lhNnfsf] af/kfsgfds :yfgdf s]Gb|ljGb' /x]sf]n] a}zfv !@

ut]sf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDknfO{ …uf]/vf e"sDkÚgfdfs/0f ug]{ cf}krfl/s lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

/fxt ;ª\sng tyf ljt/0fe"sDkn] ql;t agfPsf] of] ;ftf kLl8tx?sfnflu /fxt ;fdu|L ;+sng ug]{ / ljt/0f ug]{sfo{ tLa| ultdf eof] . ljz]if u/L vfBfGg,lkpg] kfgL, kfn–lqkfn cflb ;ª\sng u/LkLl8tx? /x]sf c:yfoL lzlj/ jfa;f]af;:yndf ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{ eO{/x]sf 5g\. o;df ljz]ifu/L ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yf, u}/;/sf/L;+:yf, k]zfut ;+u7g, /fhgLlts kf6L{sf eft[;+u7g, ;+ul7t tyf c;+ul7t :jod\;]jLx?b]lv kl/jf/ jf JolQm ljz]if;d]t ;lqmo /x].

t/ ;dGjosf] cefjn] /fxt ljt/0f sfo{dfeg] w]/} ;d:of b]lvP . ;/sf/n] Psåf/k|0ffnLdf hf]8 lbP klg /fxt ;fdu|L ;+sng/ ;+slnt ;fdu|L ;Gt'lnt ?kdf ljt/0f x'g;s]sf] 5}g . sltko :yfgdf /fxtsf] y'k|f]nfu]sf] 5 eg] sxL+ clnslt klg k'Ub} gk'u]sfu'gf;f] w]/} ;'lgP, b]lvP . /fxt ljt/0f ug]{;xof]uLx? ljz]ifu/L df]6/ hfg] 7fpF;Dd dfqk'Ug] u/]sfn] tL 7fpFdf /fxt ;fdu|L cf]O/f]nfu]sf] t/ df]6/ k'Ug g;Sg] 7fpFsf e"sDkkLl8tx? eg] /fxtsf] kvf{Odf ef]sef]s} a:g'k/]sf u'gf;f]x? Jofks dfqfdf cfO/x]sf 5g\. df]6/ af6f] ePsf t/ zx/L If]qeGbf s]xLaflx/sf :yfgdf ;d]t /fxt k'¥ofpg tbf?stfb]vfOPg . 3/ elTsPsf] jf w/fk ag]sf] sf/0f3/leq /x]sf] vfBfGg aflx/ lgsfNg g;s]sf:yfgLoaf;Lx? cfkm';Dd /fxt cfO{gk'Ubfef]sef]s} a:g' k/]sf] u'gf;f] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. h:t} $) 3/ Wj:t ePsf] / rf/ hgfsf]d[To' ;d]t ePsf] nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] y]rf]ufpFdf e"sDk uPsf] rf}yf] lbg;Dd klg s'g}/fxt k'Ug g;s]sf] u'gf;f] cfd;~rf/dfWodx?af6 ;fj{hlgs ePsf] kfOof] . o:t}nlntk'/s} Odf8f]n, 6LsfynL, l;4Lk'/, n'e',nfdf6f/, gNn', rf}3/], dfN6f, e6\6] 8fF8f cflbu|fdL0f Onfsfdf klg 3/ 5f]8]/ v]taf/L jfrf}/df a;]sf ;of}+ kLl8t kl/jf/;dIf /fxt;fdu|L gk'Ubf ljz]ifu/L afnaflnsf, a[4a[4f,ckfª\u, la/fdL / ;'Ts]/Ln] a9L ;f:tL a]xf]g{'k¥of] .

o;}u/L eQmk'/sf] tfynL, ;f}8]n, lrQkf]n,jfu]Zj/L, gu/sf]6, 5flnª, rFfu', l;?6f/dfklg vfBfGg, kfn nufot cTofjZos /fxt;fdu|Lsf] 7'nf] xfxfsf/ x'g uof] .

!(



sf7df8f}+sf] gfª\n]ef/]df e"sDkuPsf] kfFrf} lbgdf dfq /fxt;fdu|L k'¥ofOof] eg] hx/l;+x kf}jf,kfn'af/L, cfnfkf]6, ;fgfufpF, 3'df/L,bxrf]s, sfe|]:ynL, emf]/ nufotsfu|fdL0f e]usf kLl8t hgtfn]/fxtsf] cefjdf cfxt aGg' k¥of].

/fxt ;fdu|L ljt/0f ePsf:yfgx?df rfprfp / la:s'6

cTolws dfqfdf ljt/0f ePsf] kfOof] eg]df]6/sf] kx'Fr k'u]sf :yfgdf cTolws ;fdu|L;+sng\ u/]/ /fVg] k|j[lQ klg Jofks b]lvof]. csf]{tkm{ sltko 7fpFdf …xfdLnfO{ vfg]s'/frfFlxb}g, kfn b]p Ú eg]/ kLl8tx?n] hf]8bf/cfjfh p7fO /x]sf] klg ;'lgof] .

/fxt ;+sng tyf ljt/0fsf nflu pko'Qmk4lt / k|lqmof :yflkt ug{ u/fpg g;Sbfw]/} ;d:of cfof] . ;/sf/n] hf]8 lbPsf]…Psåf/ k|0ffnLÚ ;dGjo / k4ltsf] cefjdfk|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] /emg\ To;n] cGof}n a9fPsf] dx;';eof] . o;n] ubf{ kLl8tx? cfqmf]lzt, bftfx?c;Gt'i6 / :jod\;]jsx? cGof}ndf /x]sfb]lvP . oBlk /fxt ;+sng / ljt/0fdf;lqmo /x]sf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, lghL If]q,;d'bfo / JolQm ljz]ifn] ;d]t klg ;/fxgLoe"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . t/ o;}aLr s]xLn] eg]kLl8tx? k|lt dfgjLo ;xof]u ug]{ kljqefjgfn] eGbf cfTdk|rf/sf nflu dfq /fxtljt/0f sfo{df ;l/s ePsf] klg b]lvof] .kLl8tnfO{ :jR5 efjn] ;xof]u ug]{ eGbf/fxt ;fdu|L x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] kmf]6f] lvrfP/

cfTdk|rf/ ug]{ k|j[lQ klg sltko :yfgdfb]lvP .

k|d'v r'gf}tL – eUgfjz]ifclxn] b]lvPsf] Ps k|d'v r'gf}tL eg]sf]e"sDku|:t If]qdf eUgfjz]ifnfO{ ;'/lIft tj/n]x6fpg' xf] . sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/ / eQmk'/lhNnfsf ljleGg :yfgdf e"sDkn] eTsfPsflghL 3/, dlGb/, ljBfno ejg cflbdf w/fksf]?kdf /x]sf eUgfjz]if / af6f] 5]pdf y'lk|PsfO{6f, 9'ª\uf, df6f], s+lqm6 cflbsf] y'k|f] cem}x6fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;n] ubf{ c;'ljwfdfq xf]Og b'3{6gfsf] hf]lvd klg a9\g uPsf]b]lvG5 .

;dod} eUgfjz]ifsf] plrt Joj:yfkg gx'FbfIfltu|:t P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf;Dkbf:ynaf6 JolQm ljz]ifn] k'/fgf O{+6f,9'ª\uf, sf7 cflb lnP/ hfg] k|j[lQ Jofks?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L w/x/f, sfi7d08k,gf}tn] b/af/, kf6g b/af/, eQmk'/ b/af/ If]qcflbaf6 To:tf a:t'x? nluPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/Llgsfoaf6 tL a:t'sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu vfz}k|aGw s]xL gePkl5 sltko ;Dkbf:ynx?df:yfgLo afl;Gbf / ;+/If0fsdL{x? ;lqmo eO{To:tf ;fdu|Lx?sf] kx/]bf/L ug{ h'6] . To;kl5o:tf] k|j[lQdf lgs} sdL cfof] .

oftfoftsf] cj:yf7"nf] e"sDk cfPsf] eP klg sf7df8f}+pkTosfnfO{ aflx/L lhNnf;Fu hf]8g] k[YjL/fhdfu{, lqe'jg /fhky, c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ /kf;fªNxfd' dfu{ cflb uDeL/ Iflt x'gaf6ar]sfn] w]/} ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . pkTosfsf

3/ kmls{g kfOPnf eGg] ;f]rdf 5g\ eg] 3/ elTsP/k'gMlg{df{0f g} ug{'kg]{ cj:yfdf k'u]sfx? lgs} lrlGtt5g\ . 8]/f u/]/ a;]sfx? emg\ 7'nf] df/df k/]sf5g\ . To;}n] s}of}+ t pkTosf 5f]8]/ s]xL lbgsf nflucfkm\g} 3/tkm{ ;d]t nfu]sf 5g\ . Ps ;ftf;Dd ;a}lzIf0f ;+:yfx? aGb ug]{ ;/sf/L ;"rgf ePtfklg

Ps ;ftf kl5 klg tL ;~rfngdf cfpg ;Sg] l:yltePg . cl3sfFz ljBfno c:yfoL cf>o:yndf kl/0ftePsf 5g\ . of] cj:yf slt~h]n /xnf clxn] s]xLeGg ;lsb}g .

ljutdf e'O{+rfnf]af6 7'nf] df/ v]k]sf] efO{rfn] cfkm\gf]3/ kl/jf/nfO{ e'O{+rfnf] k|lt ;hu u/fPsf] lyof] . 3/alnof] geP;Dd sf]xL klg e'O{rfnf]af6 ;'/lIft /xg;Sbf] /x]g5 eGg] kf7 l;s]/ g} p;n] cfkm\gf] 5f]/fnfO{P;Pn;L pQL0f{ u/]kl5 OlGhlgol/ª ljifo k9g k|]l/tu/]sf] lyof] . kmn:j?k p;sf] 5f]/f e"sDk k|lt/f]wLlgdf{0f k|ljlw ;DaGwL Ps s'zn OlGhgLo/ ag]sf]5 . clxn] pm cToGt Jo:t 5 . e'O{+rfnf] cfPsf]nuQ} b]lv p4f/ sfo{sf;fy} elTsPsf 3/,:s'n,dlGb/ cflbdf ePsf] Ifltsf] ljj/0f ;+sngug]{, a:g ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft 3/ 5'6\ofpg] nufotsf

@)

6



;8s / k'nx?df e"sDkn] 7"nf] Iflt gu/]sf]n];jf/L cfjfudg ca?4 ePsf] 5}g . k/sDkhf/L g} /x]sfn] pkTosf 5f]8]/ aflx/ hfgrfxg] dflg;x? w]/} 5g\ . t/ 5f]6f] tyf nfdf]b'/Lsf ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg rNg ;s]sf5}gg\ . ljleGg lhNnfdf :yfoL a;f]af; eO{pkTosfdf sfo{/t oftfoft dhb'/sf kl/jf/x?e"sDkaf6 kLl8t ePsfn] tL dhb'/x? 3/uPsf sf/0f oftfoft ;~rfng ul/lbg]hgzlQmsf] cefj ePsf] 5 eg] ;fj{hlgsoftfoftsf wgLx? klg c;'/Iff dx;'; u/Lcfkm\gf uf8LnfO{ Uof/]haf6 aflx/ lgsfNgOR5's b]lvb}gg\ . kl/l:yltsf] cfjZostfnfO{Wofgdf /fvL g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L an,s]xL lghL cfjf;Lo ljBfnox?n] sf7df8f}+pkTosfaf6 aflx/ hfg rfxg] ofq'x?nfO{cfkm\gf] a; pknAw u/fP . ef/t ;/sf/n]sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf /x]sf cfkm\gf gful/snfO{ef/t kmsf{pg u8\8f rf}sL gfsfaf6 @( j6f;jf/L ;fwg sf7df8f}+tkm{ k7fof] . o;}aLrd'u\lnª – gf/fo0f3f6 ;8ssf] hnla/]df klx/f]uPsf]n] s]xL lbg oftfoft ca?4 x'g

k'Uof] .

udL{sf] df};d 5 . s]xL lbg cl3 kfgL k/]klg clxn] k/]sf] 5}g . To;}n] kfn / 6x/fcflbdf c:yfoL a;f]af; ul//x]sf e"sDkkLl8tx?nfO{ s]xL ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 , jiff{tjf hf8f]sf] df};d ePsf] eP lgs} sl7gfO{x'g] lyof] .

Ps ;ftf cl3sf] e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaflx/sf s]xL lhNnfx?df Jofks Iflt u/]sf];dfrf/x? cfd;~rf/ dfWodx?af6 cfO{/x]sf

5g\ . ljz]if u/L l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf, uf]/vf,g'jfsf]6, /;'jf, wflbª,sfe|], /fd]5fk, dsjfgk'/cflb lhNnfdf hgwgsf] Jofks Iflt ePsfhfgsf/Lx? k|fKt eO{/x]sf5g\ .

lzIf0f ;+:yfsf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf sfof{nox?df h]gt]gsfd eP klg lzIf0f ;+:yfx? Ps dlxgfsfnflu aGb ul/Psf 5g\ . o; cl3 ;ft lbgsfnflu lzIf0f ;+:yf aGb ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf]ePtf klg k7g– kf7g sfo{ z'? ug{ ;lsg]l:ylt gePsfn] lzIf0f ;+:yfx? k'g;~rfngdfcfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ljBfno ejgx? e"sDkaf6g/fd|/L Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ . e"sDksf]hf]lvd\nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL klxn] g} k'gM;anLs/0f-/]6«f]lkm6_ ul/Psf ljBfno ejgx? eg] Ifltx'gaf6 ar]sf 5g\ . ctM tL ljBfno ejgx?dfclxn] e"sDk kLl8tx?n] cf>o lnO/x]sf 5g\. o; sf/0fn] ubf{ klg k7g–kf7g sfo{ x'g;s]sf] 5}g eg] sltko ljBfno ejgdf sIff;~rfng ug{ gx'g] u/L Iflt ePsf] 5 .k/sDk cem} g/f]lsPsf] / qfz Pjd\ c:tJo:ttfsfod} /x]sf]n] ljBfyL{x? sIffdf uO{ k9\g;Sg] dgl:yltdf klg 5}gg\ .

ahf/sf] cj:yfcfk"lt{ cj?4 geP klg sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsfahf/ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf cem} cfO;s]sf]5]}g . s[lqd cefj l;h{gf u/L kl/l:yltsf]gfhfoh kmfObf lng vf]Hg] tTjx? ;lqmob]lvPsf 5g\ . b}lgs pkef]Uo a:t'x?df b"wsf]

sfddf p;sf] sfof{nosf ;xsdL{x? ;lxt pmsf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf ljleGg :yfgdf Jo:t /x]sf]5 . efO{rfsf] 5f]/L / a'xf/L e"sDk kLl8t dlxnf,afnaflnsf, a[4 cflbnfO{ x]/ljrf/ ug]{ / /fxt ;fdu|Lljt/0f ug]{ sfddf h'6]sf 5g\ eg] efO{rf / p;sf;fyLx? elTsPsf] dlGb/, :s'n cflbaf6 eUgfjz]ifx6fpg] sfddf :jod\ ;]jf ug{ Jo:t 5g\ . o;kfnLsf]e'O{+rfnf]af6 efO{rfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf s'g}Iflt gePsf]n] pgLx? o;/L :jod\ ;]jfdf h'6\g;Dej ePsf] xf] .

t/ c? w]/} kl/jf/sf] l:ylt cToGt} gfh's 5 .efO{rfsf sltko l5d]sLx? cfkm\gf] 3/ elTsPsf] jfIfltu|:t ePsf]n] kfn jf c:yfO{ 6x/fdf a:g afWo5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ vfglkg b]lv ;a} s'/fdf c;xheO{/x]sf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L afnaflnsf,dlxnf, ue{jtL,;'Ts]/L, a[4, la/fdL, czQmx?n] Hofb} si6 ef]Ug'kl//x]sf] b]Vbf efO{rf / p;sf] kl/jf/n] cfkm" ;'/lIft

/x]sf]df s'g} v';L dfGg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . To;dflye'O{rfnf]df k/]/ pgLx?sf sltko lr/kl/lrt l5d]sL,gft]bf/, Oi6ldqx?sf] d[To' ePsf], s;}sf] 3/ k"/}elTsPsf] va/n] pgLx?nfO{ kL/f]ln/x]sf] 5 . To;}n]pgLx? e'O{+rfnf]af6 kLl8t x'g k'u]sfx?nfO{ cfkm'n];s]sf] ;xof]u ug]{ sfddf g} tlNng /x]sf 5g\ .

@!

7



cfk"lt{df ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5}g eg] ;a}eGbf;d:of vfgf ksfpg] PknL Uof;sf] cefjaf6 ePsf] 5 . Uof;sf] cfk"tL{df eGbf klg ljt/0fdf;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . pkef]Qmfx?df klg kl5gkfOPnf eg]/ cg]sf}+ pkfo u/L b}lgs pkef]Uoa:t'x? hDdf ug]{ k|j[lQ b]lvPsf] 5 .

c:ktfne"sDksf sf/0f 3fOt] eO{ c:ktfn cfpg]x?sf];+Vof clxn] s]xL 36]sf] 5 . klxn] cfP/ pkrf/u/fO/x]sf 3fOt]x? :jf:Yonfe u/L 3/ kms{g]qmd hf/L 5 . t/ sltko lj/fdLx? lgsf]eO{;s]kl5 klg c:ktfnaf6 3/ kms{g gdfg]sfsf/0f ;d:of ePsf] 5 . e"sDksf sf/0f 3/k"/} eTs]sf, a:g} gx'g] u/L Ifltu|:t ePsf / e"sDk cl3 ef8fdf a;]sf] sf]7f e"sDk kl53/wgLn] cfkm}n] pkef]u ug{ yfn]sf sf/0f a:g]7fpF gkfPsf 3fOt] 8]/fjfnx? c:ktfnaf6kmls{g gdfg]sf kfOPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ c:ktfndfgofF lj/fdL egf{ ug{ ;d:of eO{/x]sf] b]lvPsf]5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf ;a}h;f] 7"nf ;fgfc:ktfn k"0f{ Ifdtfdf eGbf klg cem ykIfdtfdf rn]sf ;fy} ljb]zaf6 cfPsf lrlsT;f 6f]nLx?n] ;d]t 3fOt]sf nflu ;]jf lbO/x]sfn]e"sDksf sf/0f la/fdL jf 3fOt] ePsfx?sf]pkrf/df vf;} 7'nf] ;d:of gkg'{ Ps ;Gtf]ifsf]ljifo aGg uPsf] 5 . Oh/fonaf6 cfPsf]lrlsT;f 6f]nLn] 5fpgLdf 7"n} Ifdtfsf] c:yfoLc:ktfn v8f u/L w]/} 3fOt]x?nfO{ pTs[i6 ;]jflbO/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ljleGg b]zsf u/L !@&;+:yfsf sl/j !%) cfsl:ds lrlsT;f 6f]nLg]kfn lelqPsf 5g\ .

7"nf] e"sDk / lg/Gt/sf] k/sDksf sf/0fdgf]j}1flgs c;/ k/]sf lj/fdLx? ljz]if u/Ldlxnf / s]6fs]6Lx?sf] ;ª\Vof al9/x]sf]5 . t;y{ sltko lzlj/x?, ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yf/ ljBfnox?df ;d]t dgf]–;fdflhs k/fdz{

sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng eO{/x]sfb]lvG5g\ .

cfd;~rf/e"sDk uPs} lbgb]lv ;Dks{ljxLg ePsfv]ns'b kqsf/ ;'dg aDhgsf] za sf7df8f}+sf]dxfaf}4l:yt Ps 3/sf] eUgfjz]ifdf k'l/P//x]sf] cj:yfdf p4f/sdL{x?n] km]nf kf/] . Tof]pgn] 8]/f lnP/ a;]sf] 3/ lyof] . o:t} xfnsfd ljz]ifn] sf7df8f}+df /x]sf g]kfnu~hb}lgssf kqsf/ cRo"t/fh ;'j]bLn] klge"sDkdf k/L Hofg u'dfpg k'u] .

e"sDkn] w]/} 7"nf] k|efj kf/] klg pkTosfsfk|d'v cfd;~rf/ dfWodx?n] ljleGg r'gf}tL/ cK7\of/fx?sf] ;fdgf ub}{ cfkm\gf] wd{ lgjf{xul//x]sf 5g\ . oBlk ;fgf] cfsf/sf bh{gf}+b}lgs / ;fKtflxs kqklqsf eg] of] ;ftflgoldt x'g ;s]gg\ . s]xLn] k[i7 / k|lt 36fP/5fk]sf 5g\ .

sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehgsf] tLgs'g] l:yt ejg k'/}Ifltu|:t ePsf]n] v'nf :yfgaf6 :6'l8of];~rfng ul/Psf] 5 .

d'Vot /]l8of] g]kfnn] e"sDk cfPsf] klxnf]lbg b]lv g} cem;Dd @$ ;} 306f lg/Gt/k|;f/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . p;sf] k|;f/0f e"sDkn]7fpF 7fpFdf kf/]sf] k|efj, kLl8tsf u'gf;f],;/sf/L lgsfox?sf egfO{ cflbdf s]lGb|t 5. pkTosfsf PkmPdx?n] klg cg]sf}+ ;d:ofem]n]/ eP klg cfkm\gf] k|;f/0fnfO{ h]gt]glg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf 5g\ . 6]lnlehg Rofgnx?klg aGb ePsf 5}gg\ . sfo{:yn Ifltu|:tePtfklg v'nf 7fpFdf cfP/ k|;f/0fnfO{lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] dftxtdf/x]sf] 6'Fl8v]nnfO{ klg cfd;~rf/ dfWodn]k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . cgnfOg dfWodx?l5gl5gsf] cBfjlws hfgsf/L ;Dk|]if0f ug{Jo:t /x]sf 5g\ .

d'Vot o:tf] 7"nf] ljkb\sf] cj:yfdf klgcfkm\gf] sfdnfO{ s;/L ;'rf? /fVg ;lsG5eGg]af/] s'g} klg cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf k"j{tof/Lgul/Psf], cK7\of/f] cj:yfdf k|of]u ug]{j}slNks pkfox?sf] Joj:yfkg gePsf] /cfkm\gf hgzlQmnfO{ To:tf] hl6n cj:yfdfklg sfd ug{ ;Ifd x'g] u/L tflnd cflb lbg]kl/kf6L g/x]sf]n] cfd;~rf/ dfWodn] a9Lsl7gfO{ ef]Ug' k/]sf] b]lvof] .

g]kfnsf] 7"nf] e"sDkaf/] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug{ljb]zL ;~rf/ dfWodx?sf] cf]O/f] nfu]sf] 5. pgLx?sf] rxnkxn sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnufot

@@



e"sDku|:t cGo lhNnfx?df klg km}lnPsf]5 . pgLx?nfO{ ;dGjo / Joj:yfkg ug{;/sf/sf ;DalGwt lgsfox?nfO{ s]xL sl7gfO{ePsf] 5 .

of] ;ftfe/L g} g]kfnsf] e"sDk / To;n]kf/]sf uDeL/ c;/sf ;dfrf/ / b[iox?cGt/f{li6«o ldl8ofdf 5fO{ /x] . s]xL ljb]zLljz]ifu/L ef/tLo lghL 6]lnlehg Rofgnx?n]kqsfl/tfsf] d"No / dfGotfeGbf aflx/ uO{ljz]ifu/L kLl8tx?sf] pkxf; ug]{, cgfjZos6Lsfl6Kk0fL ug]{, e"sDksf sf/0f l;lh{t clt;+j]bgzLn kl/l:ytL cg's"n gx'g] lsl;dsf;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f u/]sfn] hg:t/af6 ltgsf]cfnf]rgf klg eO{/x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L ;fdflhs;Ghfnx?df To:tf ljb]zL ldl8ofx?k|ltcfqmf]z kf]lvPsf cleJolQm b]lvG5g\ .

vf]hL tyf p4f/sf nflu cfPsfljb]zL 6f]nL7"nf] e"sDksf] rk]6fdf k/]sf dflg;x?sf]vf]hL tyf p4f/sf nflu ljleGg ldq/fi6«x?af6 p4f/ 6f]nLx? cfpg] qmd hf/L5 . ef/t, rLg, kfls:tfg, hfkfg, cNh]l/of,ci6«]lnof, a]lNhod, Sofgf8f, k|mfG;, hd{gL,xª\u]/L, Oh/fon, dn]l;of, d]lS;sf],lgb/Nof08;\, gj]{, cf]dfg, lkmlnlkG;, kf]Nof08,/l;of, blIf0f sf]l/of, l;+ufk'/, :k]g, l:j8]g,l:j6\h/Nof08, yfONof08, 6sL{, ;Fo'Qm /fHocd]l/sf, o'PO{, a]nfot cflb b]zaf6 cfPsf6f]nLx? vf]hL tyf p4f/ sfo{df Jo:t /x]sf5g\ . tL 6f]nLx? ljz]if u/L w]/} 3/ elTsPsfIf]qx? h:t} uf]+ua', a;'Gw/f, ;LtfkfOnf,;'Gwf/f, skg, aNv', ljho]Zj/L, ltnu+uf,wf]jL3f6 nufot nlntk'/ / eQmk'/ gu/leqsfe"sDku|:t If]qdf vl6Psf 5g\ . oL 6f]nLx?k'l/Psf] 7fpFaf6 !( hgfnfO{ hLljt} p4f/ug{ ;kmn eP eg] !$( j6f zjnfO{ k'l/Psf]7fpFaf6 lgsfn] . 3fOt]x?sf] pkrf/df ;+nUgljb]zL lrlsT;s 6f]nLx?n] of] Ps ;ftfleqpkTosfsf ljleGg :yfgdf u/L sl/j !,@))hgfsf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ u/] .

Ps dlxgfkl5pkTosf jf;Lx?sf] b}lgs hLjg lj:tf/;fdfGo x'Fb}5 . e"sDkn] Iflt gk'¥ofPsf3/sf dflg;x? 3/leq} a:g, ;'Tg yfn]sf5g\ . t/ 3/ eTs]sf dflg;x? eg] cem}klg c:yfO{ 6x/f, kfn, lqkfn cflbdf cf>olnO/x]sf 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs v'nf rf}/df cf>olng]x?sf] rfk clxn] w]/} 3l6;s]sf] 5 .k/sDksf] qmd cem} /f]lsPsf] 5}g . j}zfv@( ut] lbpF;f] !@=%) ah] bf]nvf s]Gb|ljGb'eO{ cfPsf] ^=* DoflUgRo'8 / To;sf] nuQ}#! ldg]6 kl5 cyf{t\ !#=@! ah] klg bf]nvfg} s]Gb|ljGb' /x]sf] ^=@ DoflUgRo'8sf] k/sDk/ To;kl5 klg x/]s lbg s'g} g s'g} a]nf$ DoflUgRo'8 jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] k/sDkcfO{ g} /x]sfn] dflg;x?nfO{ cTofPsf] 5 .o;n]ubf{ pgLx? 9'Ss x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\. of] Ps dlxgfsf] cjlwdf pkTosfjf;Lx?n]:ki6 dx;'; x'g] lsl;dsf -$ DoflUgRo'8jf ;f]eGbf dflysf_ k/sDk @&@ k6s cg'eju/] . j}zfv !@ ut] geTs] klg rs]{sf jfIflt k'u]sf sltko ;+/rgfx? j}zfv @(ut]sf] zlQmzfnL k/sDkaf6 9Ng k'u] .

j}zfv !@ / @( ut]sf] e"sDksf sf/0f b]zsfljleGg lhNnfdf u/L * xhf/ (&) hgfsf]d[To' / @@ xhf/ #)@ hgf uDeL/ 3fOt]eP . d[To' x'g]dWo] *) hgf ljb]zL gful/s5g\ . pkTosfleq d[To' x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof !xhf/ &%) / uDeL/ 3fOt]sf] ;ª\Vof !#xhf/ !)@ /x\of] .

pkTosfdf d[To' x'g] dWo] sf7df8f}+ lhNnfdf! xhf/ @#^ hgf, nlntk'/df !*! eQmk'/df### hgf 5g\ . e"sDku|:t lhNnfx? dWo];a}eGbf a9L d[To' l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf -# xhf/ %&# _ / ;a}eGbf al9 3fOt] sf7df8f}+lhNnfdf -& xhf/ (%)_ eP eg] nlntk'/df# xhf/ %! / eQmk'/df @ xhf/ !)! hgf3fOt] eP . e"sDkaf6 d[To' x'g]x?df %^

@#



gS;fkf; gul/sg jf df]nflxhfdf gS;fkf;sf]cf}krfl/stf dfq k"/f u/L agfOPsf cl3sfFz3/x? e"sDksf] rk]6fdf k/]sf 5g\ .

clxn];Dd ;+slnt k|f/lDes ljj/0f cg';f/e"sDksf sf/0f b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfdf u/Ls'n & nfv %% xhf/ %$( lghL 3/df Ifltk'u]sf] 5 . tL dWo] $ nfv (* xhf/ *%@3/ k"0f{ Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ eg] @ nfv %^xhf/ ^(& 3/x? cfFlzs Iflt ePsf 5g\ .sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq dfq s"n Ps nfv @xhf/ &)! 3/ k"0f{ Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ . tLdWo] sf7df8f}+ lhNnfdf $% xhf/ !#&,nlntk'/df @( xhf/ %^ / eQmk'/df @*xhf/ %)* 3/ 5g\ .

lj;+ !(() sf] h:tf] dxfe"sDk cfof] eg]sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf dfq $) xhf/sf] d[To'/ (% xhf/ ;Vt 3fOt] x'g ;Sg]5g\ egLul/Psf] k"jf{g'dfg ;/xs} Iflt gePsf]dfclxn] ;a}n] ;Gtf]if dfg]sf 5g\ . o;f] x'g'dftLg sf/0f d'Vo /x]sf] eGg] ;j{;fwf/0fsf]ljZn]if0f 5 . klxnf], () ;fneGbf kl5cfPsf e"sDkx? eGbf o;kflnsf] e"sDk7"nf] t xf] t/ () ;fn hlQs} -*=# DoflUgRo'8_zlQmzfnL eg] xf]Og . bf];|f], ;fj{hlgs ljbfsf]lbg dWofGxsf] ;dodf e"sDk cfPsf]n] w]/}dfgjLo Iflt x'g kfPg . olb ljbf gk/]sf]lbg jf /ftsf] ;dodf e"sDk cfO{lbPsf] ePw]/} dfgjLo Iflt x'g] cjZoDefjL lyof] .t];|f], () ;fnsf] bfFhf]df sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdfclxn] kSsL 3/, ;8s, k'n cflb ;+/rgfsf];ª\Vof a9]sf]n] klg tL ;+/rgf o;kflnsf]

Ps dlxgfkl5

/fxt ljt/0fdf kLl8tx?sf] u'gf;f]

e'O{rfnf] uPsf] Ps dlxgf eO{;Sbf klg k/sDkn]xNnfpg 5f]8]sf] 5}g . Ps dlxgf b]lv x/]s lbgb'O{rf/ k6s xNnfpg] u/]sfn] dflg;x? k/sDk;FuPs k|sf/n] cEo:t eO{;s] . t/ km]l/ 7'n} k/sDkcfpg] xf]ls eGg] lrGtfn] 5f]8]sf] klg 5}g .k'gMlgdf{0fsf] sfd st} ;'? ePsf] 5}g . To;}n]efO{rfnfO{ km';{b g} 5 . pm cfkm\gf] 6f]n / glhssfljleGg :yfgdf uO{ kLl8tx?;Fu enfs';f/L ug]{,;s]sf] ;xof]u ug]{, 7fpF7fpFdf y'lk|Psf eUgfjz]ifx?kG5fpg dbb\t ug]{, /fxt ;fdu|L ljt/0f ePsf] 7fpFdf/]vb]v ug]{ cflb sfddf h'6\g] u/]sf] 5 . t/ p;sf]5f]/fnfO{ eg] kl/jf/;Fu /fd|/L s'/fsfgL ug]{ klg

km';{b 5}g . e'O{+rfnf]n] u/]sf] Ifltsf] n]vfhf]v ug]{,ljleGg j}7sdf efu lng], o'jf OlGhlgo/x?nfO{Ifltsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ sfo{z}nLaf/] hfgsf/L lbg] cflbsfddf pm Jo:t /x]sf] 5 .

efO{rfsf 5f]/L / a'xf/L klg e"sDk kLl8tx?nfO{;xof]u ug]{ sfddf ;FnUg /x]sf 5g\ . 6f]nsf cGoo'jfx?;Fu} pgLx? klg vfBfGg, nQfsk8f cflb

@$

k|ltzt dlxnf / $$ k|ltzt k'?if /x]sf5g\ .

e"sDkdf k/L !(% hgf j]kQf eP . h;dWo];a}eGbf al9 /;'jf lhNnfsf] nfª6fª\ If]qdfx/fPsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . /;'jf lhNnfaf6dfq x/fpg]sf] ;ª\Vof !#( 5 . sf7df8f}+lhNnfdf klg e"sDk kl5 !@ hgf clxn];Ddst} s'g} ;Dks{df gcfPsf] clen]v /x]sf]5 eg] nlntk'/ / eQmk'/ lhNnfaf6 sf]xLklg x/fPsf] clen]v 5}g .

ljz]if u/L sdhf]/ e"efu, k'?jf df6f], le/fnf]8fF8f, gbL lsgf/ h:tf hf]lvdo'Qm :yfgdfagfOPsf 3/x? Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ . o;}u/Lejg ;+lxtf kfngf gul/Psf, ;'/IffeGbflgdf{0f nfut 36fpgdf a9L hf]8 lbP/agfOPsf, 3/wgL cfkm" ga:g] ef8fdf nufpg]gfkmfd'vL ;f]rn] dfq agfOPsf, w]/} k'/fgf]eO{ klxn] g} hf]lvddf kl/;s]sf, ;fF3'/f]hudf c:jefljs ?kdf cUnf] sf]7f ylkPsf, 9'ª\uf, df6f]sf] e/df dfq agfOPsf, ljlwjt\

8



ljZjljBfno s]Gb|Lo k':tsfno sLlt{k'/,g]kfn /fli6«o k':tsfno k'nrf]s, s]z/k':tsfno, sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;fj{hlgsk':tsfno e[s'6L d08k, g]kfn–ef/t d}qLk':tsfno Go'/f]8 cflb pkTosfsf k|d'vk':tsfnox?df e"sDksf sf/0f k':tssfb/fh / ¥ofsx? 9Nbf nfvf}+ k|lt k':tsx?5/k:6 ePsf lyP . tL k':tsx?nfO{ p7fO{k'gM oyf:yfgdf Jojl:yt ul//fVg ;a}k':tsfnosf Joj:yfkg kIfnfO{ ce}m klgxDd]xDd] kl//x]sf] 5 .

pkTosfsf ljleGg c:ktfnx?df pkrf//te"sDksf 3fOt] la/fdLx? ca k|foM 3/kmls{;s]sf 5g\ . nfdf] cjlwsf] pkrf/cfjZos kg]{x? klg 3/d} a;]/ pkrf/ u/fO{/x]sf 5g\ . sltko 3fOt]x? yk pkrf/-kmnf] ck_ sf nflu c:ktfn wfO{ \/x]sf klgb]lvG5g\ .

e"sDkdf Ifltu|:t x'gaf6 hf]luPsfn] dfgjLoIflt sd x'g uPsf] xf] . oBlk ejg ;+lxtfsf]k"0f{ kfngf / e"sDkLo ;'/Iffk|lt Jofks;r]tgf ckgfOb} cfPsf] eP hgwgsf] Ifltcem sd x'g] lyof] eGg] klg lj1x?sf]cfFsng /x]sf] 5 .

e"sDkaf6 Iflt gePsf ljBfnox?dfk7gkf7g z'? ePsf] 5 . e"sDkn] pkTosfdfs'n %)& ljBfno Ifltu|:t eP, h;dWo]sf7df8f}+df !*&, nlntk'/df !*# / eQmk'/df!#& 5g\ . k"0f{ Iflt ePsf] sIff sf]7fsf];+Vof sf7df8f}+df $$* /Xof] eg] nlntk'/df#)# / eQmk'/df !%( /Xof] . Ifltu|:tljBfnox?df klg dfGb|f], afF; cflbåf/f lgld{tc:yfO{ l;sfO{ s]Gb| (Temporary LearningCenrer (TLC) sf] Joj:yf u/L k7gkf7gnfO{lg/Gt/tf lbg] qmd k|f/De ePsf] 5 . e"sDkhfg' cl3 g} sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/ / eStk'/u/L ljleGg ljBfnosf !^) ejg k'g;jnLs/0f ul/Psf lyP . tL dWo] !@% j6fejgdf e"sDkn] s'g} Iflt gk'¥ofPsf] kfOof]eg] #% j6f ejgdf Knf:6/df /f}+ h:tfwsf{x? dfq k/]sf] t/ 7"nf] dd{t ug'{ kg]{u/L s'g} Iflt gePsf] b]lvof] .

SofDk;x?df klg lgoldt z}lIfs ultljlwnfO{la:tf/} lg/Gt/tf lbg yflnPsf] 5 . e"sDkn]sIff sf]7f g} Ifltu|:t agfPsf SofDk;x?dfj}slNks pkfo ckgfP/ ePklg sIff ;'rf?ug]{ k|of; ePsf] 5 . e"sDkn] uDeL/ k|efjkf/]sf :yfgx?df pkTosfl:yt ljleGgk':tsfnox? klg kb{5g\ . ljz]ifu/L lqe'jg

;+sng ug]{ / ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{df x/]s lbgh;f]h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . t/ of] sfd pgLx?n] klxnf ;f]r]h:tf];lhnf] gePsf] cg'ej ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L;xof]u ;fdu|L ;+sng\ eGbf klg ljt/0f lgs}r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g] u/]sf] pgLx?nfO{ cg'ej eO{/x]sf]5 . klxnf] t ;+slnt /fxt ;fdu|L e"sDk kLl8tx?/x]sf :yfg;Dd k'¥ofpg} ;d:of x'g], h]gt]g k'¥ofPkl5/fxt ;fdu|L cfjZos k/]sf jf:tljs kLl8t JolQmx?klxrfg ug{ lgs} sl7g x'g], o;n]ubf{ 6f7fjf7f /anePsf dflg;x?sf] xftdf g} w]/}h;f] ;fdu|L kg{hfg], cfkm"nfO{ grflxg] jf cfkm"n] kof{Kt kl/df0fdfkfO{;s]sf] ;fdfg klg km]l/km]l/ lng tF5f8, d5f8 ug],{sRrL af6f] ePsf pkTosfsf u|fdL0f e]usf e"sDkkLl8t;Dd /fxt ;fdu|L k'¥ofpg g;lsg], o;n]ubf{uf8L k'u]sf 7fpF;Ddsf dflg;x?;Fu k|;:t /fxt;fdu|L y'lk|g] t/ uf8L gk'Ug] 7fpFsf dflg;x? eg]

/fxtaf6 al~rt x'g], /fxtdf a[4a[4f, b[li6ljxLg,cfkfª\utf cflb czQm ju{sf] kx'Fr cToGt Go"g x'g],ljt/0f Jojl:yt ug{;Sg] ;dGjosf/L lgsfosf]cefjdf :yfgLo /.hgLlts sfo{stf{x?sf] af]nafnf

@%

9



d'Vo eUgfjz]ifx? eg] ;a}sf nflu c;'ljwfag]/ y'lk|/x]sf 5g\ . cfd;~rf/ dfWoddfklg of] ;d:ofnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO k|:t'tul/Psf] kfOG5 . oBlk cfd;~rf/ dfWodx?dfe"sDk;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx?sf] rfk clxn] s]xL36b} uPsf] kf7s, >f]tf / bz{sx?n] dx;';u/]sf 5g\ .

j}zfvsf] e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] ljZn]if0fubf{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf wfld{s tyf ;fF:s[lts;Dkbf If]qdf a9L Iflt k'u]sf], l;Gw'kfNrf]slhNnfdf dfgjLo Iflt a9L ePsf] / bf]nvflhNnfdf ef}lts ;DkQLsf] a9L Iflt ePsf]kfOPsf] 5 .

Tolt 7"nf] e"sDk cfO{ hgwgsf] Jofks IfltePtfklg ljB't ljt/0fdf eg] w]/} 7"nf] k|efjk/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f,pTkfbg lgb]{zgfno cGtu{t ljB't pTkfbgs]Gb| tyf lgdf{0ffwLg cfof]hgfsf ;+/rgfx?dfe"sDkn] s]xL Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5 . t/ ljB'tpTkfbg / ljt/0f k|0ffnL g} 7Kk x'g] u/L IfltePsf] 5}g . sfnL u08sL P, dWod:of{ª\bL,d:of{ª\uL, s'n]vfgL klxnf] / bf];|f], lqz'nL,b]jL3f6,kmlk{ª cflb hn ljB't s]Gb|x?dfe"sDkn] s]xL Iflt k'¥ofP klg tL s]Gb|x?dfljB't pTkfbg ;'rf? eO{/x]sf]n] sf7df8f}+pkTosfdf ljB't cfk"lt{df 7"nf] ;d:of gb]lvg'Ps ;Gtf]ifsf] ljifo aGg uPsf]5 .

of] Ps dlxgfdf pkTosfsf] hgdfg;sf]cj:yf lgofNbf cToGt} l67 nfUbf] kl/b[iob]lvG5 . 3/ k"/} elTsP/ af;ljxLg aGgk'u]sf xhf/f}+ kl/jf/ ljrNnLsf] cj:yfdf5g\ . pgLx? sf]xL cem} kfn, lqkfn / c:yfO{

k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd k|f/De eO{ ;s]sf] 5}g .;/sf/L :t/af6 To;;DaGwL :ki6 gLlt,lgod, lgb]{lzsf cfpg afFsL g} 5 . t/k'glg{df{0fsf nflu w]/} 7'nf] wg/fzL rflxg]ePsf]n] ;/sf/n] ljb]zL ldq /fi6«x? ;dIf;xof]usf nflu cg'/f]w ul/;s]sf] 5 . otfp4f/ / /fxt sfo{sf nflu k|wfgdGqL b}jLk|sf]k p4f/ sf]ifdf g]kfnsf ljleGg ;+3;+:yf,sfof{no / JolQm ljz]ifn] ;d]t ;xof]u /sdhDdf ug{ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ r]s x:tfGt/0f u/]sf;dfrf/ lbgx'F cfO/x]sf 5g\ . e"sDk kLl8tx?sf];xof]ufy{ eg]/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fhZjaf6tna vfg] h+uL, lghfdtL, k|x/L, lzIfscflbsf] a}zfv dlxgfs} tnaaf6 clgjfo{?kdf s]xL k|ltzt -kbcg';f/_ /sd s6\6Lul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 Go"g j}tlgs To;df klge"sDksf sf/0f cfkm}+n] Iflt Joxf]l//x]sfsd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ljkQL k/]s} dlxgfdf tnas6\6L ul/+bf dsf{ k/]sf] eGg] u'gf;f] klg;'lgPsf] 5 .

clxn] pkTosfsf w]/}h;f] :yfgx?df x6fpgg;lsPsf eUgfjz]ifx? g} ;a}eGbf 7'nf];d:ofsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . e"sDksf sf/0felTsPsf lghL 3/, dlGb/sf eUgfjz]if /w/fk ag]sf ;+/rgfx? x6fpg g;Sbf lgs}7'nf] ;d:of aGg uPsf] 5 . To:tf w/fkag]sf ;+/rgfx? JolQm cfkm}+n] Jojl:yttl/sfn] x6fpg g;Sg] / To; sfdsf nflu;fwg;|f]t;DkGg lglZrt s'g} lgsfo klggePsfn] e"sDk uPsf] Ps dlxgf lalt;Sbfklg of] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .elTsPsf 3/ / k/vfnsf ;fdfGo O{+6f, 9'ª\uf,sf7 cflb ;DalGwt JolQmx?n] cfkm}+n] s]xLkG5fPtfklg s+lqm6sf ux|f}+ ;+/rgfnufotsf

x'g], h;n] ubf{ emu8f ;d]t x'g] cflb ;d:of;Fu/fxt ljt/0fdf ;lqmo :jod\;]jsx?n] ;fdgful//xg' k/]sf] 5 .

o;sf ;fy} kLl8t ju{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ dfgjLoefjgfn] eGbf klg cfkm\gf] jf cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf] k|rf/ug]{ lglxt :jfy{sf] p2]Zo /fvL ;fdfGo kl/df0fdfs]xL ;fdfg ljt/0f u/L To;sf] kmf]6f] lvrfpg al9;lqmo /xg] k|j[lQsf sf/0f klg jf:tljs /fxtljt/s :jod\;]jLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf w]/}c;lhnf] eO{/x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

o:tf] l:ylt b]Vbf efO{rfsf 5f]/L / a'xf/LnfO{ slxn]t lbSs nfu]/ cfpF5 . pgLx? :jod\;]jfdf hfgklg cGsgfpF5g\ . of] b]v]/ efO{rfn] pgLx?nfO{

;DemfpF5 – …x]/, v/fa ljrf/ ePsf dflg;x? hxfFklg x'G5g\, ;w}+ ;a}lt/ c;n dflg;dfq kfOb}g .v/fa dflg;x?;Fu c;n dflg;x?n] 8/fP/, lbSsdfg]/ cfkm\gf] st{Jo 5f]8\of] eg] b'Mvdf k/]sf c;xfodflg;x?nfO{ s;n] ;xfotf u5{ < pgLx?sf] t emglarNnL x'G5 . ltdLx?n] To;/L x/]; vfg' x'Fb}g,hfp cfkm"n] ;s]sf] d2t u/ . gq t To:tf v/fadflg;x? / ltdLx?df s] km/s eof] t <Ú

efO{rfsf] s'/f ;'g] kl5 pgLx?n] klg lrQ a'emfP /c? l5d]sLx?nfO{ klg To;/L g} ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ u/]/kLl8tx?sf nflu /fxt ;+sng / ljt/0f ug]{ sfddfkm]l/ ;lqmo eP .

@^

0f



6x/fdf cf]t nflu/x]sf 5g\ eg] sf]xLcfkmGtsf ;Unf 3/df z/0f k/]sf 5g\ .e"sDk hfg' cl3;Dd c?nfO{ cfkm\gf sf]7fx?axfndf lbP/ /fd|f] cfo cfh{g ul//x]sfpkTosfsf s}of}+ 3/kltx? e"sDksf] df/dfcfkm\gf] 3/ k/]kl5 clxn] cfkm}+ 8]/f vf]Hb}ef}+tfl//x]sf 5g\ .

cGo lhNnfaf6 ljleGg Joj;fo, cWoogcflbsf nflu sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf cfP/ 8]/fu/L a;]sf nfvf}+ dflg;x? klg 7'nf] ;d:ofdfk/]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] s]xL t e"sDksf] nuQ}cf–cfkm\gf] lhNnflt/ uPsf lyP . t/ Joj;fo/ sfdsfhsf sf/0f km]l/ pkTosfdf kms{gafWo ePsf oL 8]/fjf;Lx?nfO{ clxn] g;f]r]sf];d:of cfO{k/]sf] 5 . sltkonfO{ cfkm" 8]/fu/L a;]sf] 3/ g} e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ePsf]n]csf]{ 8]/f vf]Hg' kg]{ afWotf cfO{k/]sf] 5 eg]w]/} 3/x? Ifltu|:t ePsfn] 8]/f kfpg} d'l:sn5 / kfO{xfn] klg 3/ef8f klxnfsf] eGbfdxª\uf] ePsf] 5 .

e"sDk kl5 ;a}eGbf bogLo cj:yfdf b}lgsHofnf dhb'/L u/L 5fs 6fg{'kg]{ ju{ /x]sf5g\ . ef/L af]s]/, 7]nf 7]n]/, l/Szf rnfP/,v'nf :yfgdf v'b|f Jofkf/ cflb sfd u/]/hLljsf]kfh{g ul//x]sf xhf/f}+ >lds kl/jf/ut Ps dlxgf b]lv tL sfdx? 7Kk ePsfn]ef]sef]s} a:g'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . e"sDkuPsf] s]xL lbg;Dd t ljleGg ;fdflhs,wfld{s ;+3;+:yf Pjd\ bftfx?n] 7fpF7fpFdfJoj:yf u/]sf lgMz'Ns ef]hg u|x0f u/]/ ePklg pgLx?n] ef]s 6f/] t/ ca Tof] l:ylt5}g . k|To]s lbg sfd u/L sdfPsf] Hofnfn]5fs 6fg'{kg]{ of] ju{;Fu jrt /sd gx'g':jefljs} xf] . To;}n] pgLx? clxn] C0f sf9\gafWo 5g\ eg] e"sDk kl5 b}lgs pkef]UovfBa:t'sf] efp clgolGqt ePsfn] yk df/dfk/]sf 5g\ .

3/ elTsPsfx? km]l/ csf{] 3/ s;/L / slxn]78\ofpg ;lsPnf eGg] lrGtfdf 5g\ . k/sDkcfpg] qmd /f]lsPsf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] gofF 3/lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;'? ug{ clxn] /f]s nufPsf]5 . jiff{t\ cl3 g} ;'/lIft 3/df ;g]{ cfzfca ;a}n] dfl/;s]sf 5g\ . 3/ k'glg{df{0fsfnflu ;/sf/n] s]xL t e/y]u unf{ lg eGg]cfzf klg oL kLl8tx?n] ul//x]sf 5g\ . o:t}cfzf, lg/fzf, clgZro / c;'ljwfdf /x]/cfpFbf] ;dosf] k|tLIff ul//x]sf 5g\ sf7df8f}+pkTosfjf;Lx? .

5 dlxgfkl5ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf;lxtb]zsf ljz]ifu/L ljleGg !$ lhNnfnfO{ cTofPsf]5 dlxgf k"/f eof] . o; cjlwdf e"sDkkLl8tx?n] w]/} ljof]u, kL8f / ;d:of ef]u] .t/ clxn] l:ylt lgs} ;DxflnPsf]5 . oBlk k/sDkn] a]nfa]nfdf cTofpg 5f]8]sf]5}g . o; 5 dlxgfsf] cjlwdf rf/ DoflUgRo'8jf ;f]eGbf dflysf k/sDk #(* k6s dx;';ul/of] . ut sl/a tLg dlxgf jiff{t\sf sf/0fyk c;'ljwf ef]u]sf pkTosfsf e"sDk kLl8tx?n]df};d ;kmf x'g yfn]kl5 clxn] s]xL ;xhdx;'; ul//x]sf 5g\ .

;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, lghL nufot cGosfof{nox? k"j{jt\ ;~rfngdf cfO{;s]sf5g\ . oBlk sltko sfof{nosf cfkm\gf ejgx?Ifltu|:t ePsfn] :yfgfGt/0fnufotsf j}slNkspkfo u/L sfd rnfOPsf] 5 . o:tf b[iob]zsf] s]Gb|Lo k|zf;g /x]sf] l;+xb/af/leq;d]t cem} b]Vg ;lsG5 .

e"sDkn] Ifltu|:t ePsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ejgk'g;jlnsf/0f -/]6«f]lkm6_ ug]{ sfo{ z'? ePsf]5 . e"sDkn] kf/]sf] k|efj / casf] cfjZostfaf/]n]vfhf]vf ug]{ sfo{ -kf]i6 l8hf:6/ lg8 P;]:d]G6_;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

lzIffno, c:ktfn, ljB't, vfg]kfgL, b"/;~rf/,oftfoft klg ;~rfng eO{/x]sf 5g\ . sltkoljBfnodf agfOPsf c:yfoL l;sfO{ s]Gb| hL0f{x'Fb} uO{/x]sf 5g\ . e"sDksf sf/0f :ylutePsf ljleGg txsf k"j{ lgwf{l/t k/LIffx?o; 5 dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ;DkGg ul/Psf 5g\eg] P;Pn;L k/LIffsf] klg glthf k|sflzt

@&

t5 dlxgfkl5

vNnf] eof] o;kflnsf] b;}+–ltxf/

x]bf{ x]b}{ 5 dlxgf klg laTof] . klxn] g} e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfP/3/ agfPsf]n] efO{rfsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} Iflt Joxf]g'{ gk/]sf] x'Fbf o;cjlwdf p;sf] kl/jf/ e"sDk kLl8t l5d]sLx?sf] ;xof]u /:jod\;]jfd} Jo:t /Xof] . o;qmddf efO{rfsL 5f]/Ln] w]/} s'/fl;Sg] cj;/ kfO{ . o;}aLr p;sf] P;Pn;L k/LIffsf] k/LIffkmnklg k|sflzt eof], h;df pm ;kmn eO{ . ca p;n] gl;{ª ljifo k9g]c7f]6\ u/]sL 5 . e"sDk kLl8t lj/fdLx?sf] :ofxf/ ug{ ljleGg lzlj/x?df ;lqmo /xFbf g} p;n] dgdg} of] c7f]6\ lnPsL lyO{ .lsgls To;/L c;xfo lj/fdLx?sf] ;]jfdf /xFbf p;n] o:tf]sfdsf] dxTj a'em\g] cj;/ kfPsL lyO{ .

p;sf] of] ljrf/ ;'g]/ p;sf] afa' efO{rf c;fWo} v';L x'Fb} eGof] –



eO{ pQL0f{ ljBfyL{x?n] sIff !! df k|j]z u/LpRr dfWoflds lzIffsf] k7gkf7g k|f/Deul/;s]sf 5g\ .

e"sDksf sf/0f elTsPsf lghL 3/, ;/sf/Lsfof{no, ljBfno ejg, c:ktfn ejg,;Dkbf:yn cflbdf k'glg{df{0fsf] s'g} ultljlwk|f/De x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ;a} kIf k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL ;/sf/L gLlt lgb]{zgsf] k|tLIffdf 5g\eg] ;/sf/L kIf To;sf] th'{df ug{] / cfly{s;|f]t h'6fpg] k|of;df 5 .

clxn] e"sDkn] pAhfPsf] ;d:ofeGbf klg/fhgLltn] pAhfPsf] ;d:ofaf6 b]z / cfdhgtfkLl8t eO{/x]sf 5g\ . sl/j gf} jif{sf] sl7gk|of;af6 gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf]dfcfdhgtfn] /fd|/L ;Gtf]ifsf] cg'e"lt ug{gkfpFb} ;f]xL ;+ljwfgsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ t/fO{If]qdf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng rls{of] . cfGbf]ng;FuufFl;P/ b]zsf] blIf0ftkm{sf] ;Ldf gfsf;d]tca?4 x'Fbf g]kfndf cfoft x'g'kg]{ b}lgspkef]Uo a:t', cf}iflw, OGwg nufotsf cfk"lt{7Kk x'g uPsfn] ;a}sf] Wofg e"sDkn] NofPsf]c;xh kl/l:yltaf6 df]l8P/ of] ck|Toflzt?kdf cfPsf] cem a9L c;xh kl/l:ylttkm{s]lGb|t ePsf]5 . o;n]ubf{ ;/sf/sf ;fy} ;j{;fwf/0fdf ;d]tk'glg{df{0fk|ltsf] rf;f] / lrGtfnfO{ s]xL cf]em]ndfkfl/lbPsf] 5 .

o;}aLr g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 b;}+–ltxf/cfof] . t/ o;kflnsf] h:tf] vNnf] / g/dfOnf]b;}+–ltxf/ pkTosfjf;Lx?n] klxn] slxNo} cg'eju/]sf lyPgg\ . Psftkm{ ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn]tx;gx; kf/]sf] cj:yf / csf]{tkm{ ;Ldf cj?4

ePsfsf/0f b}lgs cfk"lt{ ;d]t c;xh eO{/x]sf]l:yltn] ubf{ o;kflnsf] rf8 Pp6f af]emsf] ?kdfdfq /xg uof] . e"sDkdf k/L Hofg u'dfPsfx?sfkl/jf/df zf]s / a/vLsf sf/0f o;kfnL s'g} klgrf8sf] cy{ /x]g\ eg] 3/ elTsPsf, z/L/ 3fOt]ePsf, c:yfoL lzlj/x?df u'hf/f ul//x]sf kl/jf/dfklg rf8jf8sf] s'g} /f}gs gxg' :jefljs} xf] .o;}aLr e"sDkdf k/L tTsfn} jf s]xL lbg kl5Hofg u'dfPsfx?sf kl/jf/df cf–cfkm\gf] k/Dk/fcg';f/5 dlxgfsf] d[To' ;+:sf/ ;DkGg ul/of] .

e"sDkn] eTsfPsf ;+/rgfsf eUgfjz]ifx? cem}/fd|/L x6fO{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . zx/L If]qsf d'Vod'Vo:yfgsf s]xL eUgfjz]ifx? x6fOP klg cGoqsfJojl:yt x'g afFsL g} 5g\ . w/x/f, ;}lgs c:ktfnsf]k'/fgf] ejg / j;Gtk'/sf b/af/ If]qsf s]xLeUgfjz]ifx? 6'Fl8v]nsf] blIf0ftkm{ y'kfl/Psf 5g\

e"sDksf sf/0f g/fd|/L k|efljt ePsf] pkTosfsf]ko{6g Joj;fo lj:tf/} k'gM Ao'Fltg nfu]sf]b]lvG5 . Ifltu|:t ePsf pkTosfsf P]ltxfl;sko{6g:ynx?df ljb]zL ko{6sx? rf;f] lbP/ cjnf]sgul//x]sf kfOG5g\ . eQmk'/ b/af/ :Sjfo/ nufotsf

…5f]/L, ltd|f] ljrf/ ;'g]/ dnfO{ v';L dfq xf]Og uj{nfu]sf] 5 . o;kflnsf] e'O{+rfnf]n] ltdLnfO{ c;xfodflg;sf] ;]jfsf] dxTj l;sfP5 . klxnf d}n] ef]u]sf]e'O{+rfnf]n] dnfO{ klg w]/} s'/f l;sfPsf] lyof] . x]/,ltd|f] cfdf clxn];Dd afFr]sL eP slt v';L x'GyL xf]nL,cfkm\gL 5f]/L g;{ aGg nfu]sf]b]v]/ . l7s 5, ltdL g;{ k9g] sn]hd} egf{ x'g' . v'ad]xgt u/]/ k9g' / Ps ;kmn g;{ aGg' . ltdLn] c?s]xL lrGtf ug{' kb}{g .Ú efO{rfsf] 5f]/f klg alxgLn]gl;{ª k9g nfu]sL yfxf kfP/ lgs} pT;flxt eof] .

e'O{+rfnf]af6 efO{rfsf] kl/jf/ ;f]em} k|efljt geP klgo;kflnsf] b;}+–ltxf/df pgLx?n] s'g} /dfOnf] u/]gg\,;fdfGo k"hfcfhf dfq u/] . efO{rfsf u'l7of/, gft]bf// l5d]sLx? e'O{+rfnf]n] lbPsf] zf]s / si6df lyP .o:tf] kl/l:yltdf efO{rfsf] kl/jf/ dfq rf8jf8df pT;flxtx'g ;Dej lyPg . efO{rf ca wfg sf6\g] t/v/df

@*

ynfu]sf] 5 . t/ o;kfln v]taf/Ldf sfdug]{ dflg;kfpg Hofb} sl7g ePsf] 5 . Ps t klxn] b]lv g}v]taf/Ldf sfd ug]{ dflg;sf] cefj x'Fb} uPsf]lyof] . emg\ o;kfln t e'O{+rfnf]n] ubf{ dflg;x? ;a}cfkm\g} ;d:ofdf u|l;t 5g\, sf]xL la/fdL 5g\, sf]xL



Ifltu|:t :yndf t ljb]zL ko{6sx?;d]t eUgfjz]ifkG5fpg] sfddf /dfpFb} ;xefuL ePsf b]lvG5g\ .g]kfnLn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] b'Mvdf o;/L cfkm'n] s]xLdfqfdf ePklg ;fy lbg kfpFbf hLjge/ :d/0f/xg] cg'ej a6'Ng ;lsg] pgLx?sf] wf/0ff /x]sf]kfOG5 . o;/L pkTosfdf /xFbf sDtLdf Ps lbgePklg Ifltu|:t :yndf :jod\;]jf ug]{ ljb]zLko{6sx? clxn] lgs} 5g\ .

o;}aLr sflQs ( ut] lxGbs'z If]qdfckmuflg:tfgsf] km}hfafb glhs s]Gb|ljGb'/x]sf] &=% DoflUgRo'8sf] e"sDk uof] . o;sf]wSsf g]kfn, ef/t / kfls:tfgdf klg cg'ejul/of] . wSsfsf] cg'ej / pQm e"sDk;DaGwL;dfrf/n] g]kfnL hgdfg;nfO{ km]l/em:sfof] .

clxn] e"sDk kLl8tx?sf] ljj/0f ;ª\sngug]{ / pgLx?nfO{ cflwsfl/s klxrfgsf nflu;/sf/sftkm{af6 /ftf] sf8{ ljt/0f ug]{ sfdwdfwd eO{/x]sf] 5 . o;df sltko jf:tljskLl8tx?sf] gfd 5'6]sf], gSsnL kLl8tx?n]klg /ftf] sf8{ xft kf/]sf] h:tf u'gf;fx?klg ;'lgg yfn]sf] 5 . csf]{tkm{ kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] ljt/0f u/]sf] /fxt/sddf :jfldTjsf] k|ZgnfO{ lnP/ s]xLkl/jf/df snx ;d]t ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 eg]jiff}{ cl3b]lv e"sDk hfFbf;Dd ;uf]ndf /x]sfkl/jf/ klg /fxt /sdsf] k|nf]egsf sf/0fs[lqd ?kdf 5'l6\6P/ a]Unfa]Un} ePsfpbfx/0fx? klg lgs} kfpg yflnPsf] 5 .

o;}aLr e"sDk uPsf] 5 dlxgf kl5 sf7df8f}+sf]klxrfg af]s]sf] ;fF:s[lts w/f]x/ sfi7d08ksf]k'glgdf{0fsf] l;nl;nfdf To;sf] husf] pTvgg\sfo{ ul/of] . k'/ftTj ljefu / a]nfotsf]b/xfd ljZjljBfnosf] k|fljlws ;xsfo{dfof] cToGt} ;+j]bgzLn k'/ftflTjs :ynsf]pTvgg\ sfo{ k/Dk/fut tl/sfn] gu/LcTofw'lgs pks/0fsf] dbb\tn]

@(

ul/of] . o;cl3;Dd !@cf}+ ztfAbLdf lgdf{0fePsf] egL dflgPsf] sfi7d08ksf] hu ;ftf}+ztfAbLd} lgdf{0f ePsf] eGg] gofF tYo To;pTvgg\af6 b]lvof], h'g cToGt dxTjk"0f{pknAwL xf] . o;sf;fy} e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:tkf6gsf] rf/ gf/fo0f dlGb/ / eQmk'/sf]jT;nf b]jL dlGb/ cufl8 klg ;f]xL ;+o'Qm6f]nLsf] ;xsfo{df pTvgg\ ul/of] .

e"sDkaf6 b]zsf ljleGg :yfgsf u/L &%#j6f k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbfx? k"0f{ jfcfFlzs Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ eg] sf7df8f}+lhNNffdf dfq @%) j6f, nlnntk'/df !#)j6f / eQmk'/ lhNnfdf *) j6f ;DkbfdfIflt k'u]sf] 5 .

pkTosfleqsf u|fdL0f e]usf gj3f]liftgu/kflnsf If]qsf] cj:yf eg] t'ngfTds?kdf ;fdfGo eO{;s]sf] b]lvG5 . oL If]qsfclwsfFz k'/fgf / sRrL 3/x? e"sDkaf6Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP . 3/ k'glg{df{0fsf] k|lqmofz'? gePtfklg eUgfjz]if kG5fpg] / Ifltx'gaf6 ar]sf] efudf, uf]7df, 6x/fdf oxfFsfafl;Gbfx?n] u'hf/f rnfO{/x]sf 5g\ . oxfFzx/L If]qdf h:tf] e"sDk kLl8tsf c:yfoLlzlj/x? 5}gg\ . o; If]qsf afl;Gbfsf]clxn]sf] d'Vo rf;f] v]tL xf] . j}zfvdfcfPsf] e"sDkn] w]/} s'/f layf]n] klg c;f/sf]/f]kfO{ eg] layf]n]g . k/sDkn] a]nfa]nfdfhldg xNnfO/x] klg afp;] / /f]kf/x?n]cfkm\gf] wd{ 5f]8]gg\ . /f]kfO{sf a]nfdf g tpgLx?n] ;/sf/sf] d'v tfs], g t b}jsf] .To;}sf] dL7f] kmn:j?k clxn] pkTosfsfu|fdL0f e]udf wfgsf afnf nx/fO{/x]sf df]xsb[io b]Vg kfOG5 . olx b[io x]/]/ u|fdL0fafl;Gbfx? s]xL xbdf ePklg e"sDksf] kL8fe'ln/x]sf 5g\ . oBlk ufF;sf] Tolt ;fx|f]lrGtf geP klg cfufdL lxpFb cl3 g} af;sf]:yfoL Joj:yf ug{'kg]{ 7"nf] r'gf}tL pgLx?sf;fd' plePs} 5 .

3fOt]x? cem} /fd|/L lgsf] eO{;s]sf 5}gg\, 3/ k"/}elTsP/ a]xfn ePsfx? c:yfoL lzla/lt/ 5g\,ltgnfO{ e]6\g} sl7g 5 . efO{rfsf] OlGhlgo/5f]/fnfO{ af]Ng t ;do 5}g, v]taf/Llt/ p;n] s]Wofg lbg ;sf];\ < efO{rfn] s]xL l5d]sL, gft]bf// 8sdL{ ;fyLx?sf] ;xof]udf kd{ ;d]t u/]/ePklg wfg sf6\g] sfd h;f]t;f] l;Wofof] . klxnfklxnfsf] eGbf x/]s jif{ v]tL ug{ ufx|f] x'Fb} cfPsf]t p;n] ljt]sf jif{x?df klg cg'ej u/]sf] lyof] .t/ o;kfln eg] lgs} g} ufx|f] eof] . c;f/df wfg/f]Kbf klg sfd ug]{ dflg; gkfP/ lgs} ufx|f] k/]sf]

lyof] . e'O{+rfnf]sf sf/0f hlt b'Mv, si6 / ljof]uef]Ug' k/] klg wfgafnLglalu|Psf]df ls;fgx?n];Gtf]if dfg]sf 5g\ . gqt e'O{+rfnf]sf] kL8fdflyclgsfnsf] rf]6 klg ylkg]xf] ls eGg] lrGtfpgLx?sf] lyof], Tof] lrGtf6/]sf]5 .

b



Ps jif{kl5g]kfndf ljgfzsf/L e"sDk uPsf] Ps jif{ k"/feof] . Ps jif{ k"/f ePs} lbg cyf{t\ @)&#j}zfv !@ ut] ljxfg ;a]/} @ ah]/ !^ ldg]6sf];dodf g'jfsf]6 s]Gb|ljGb' /x]sf] $=@DoflUgRo'8sf] k/sDk uof] . of] Ps jif{df $jf ;f]eGbf al9 DoflUgRo'8sf sl/j $%)k/sDk cg'ej ul/P .

e"sDk kLl8t g]kfnL hgtfn] cg]sf}+ si6 /c;'ljwf ;x]/ ePklg w}o{ / cfzfsf] e/df of]jif{ latfP . o; cjlwdf pgLx?n] Pp6f l;Ë}jiff{t\ / Pp6f l;Ë} lxpFbsf] sx/ sf6] . e"sDkdfk/L cfkm\gf kl/jf/hgnfO{ ;w}+sf nfluu'dfPsfx?n] clxn] cf–cfkm\gf] rng cg';f/a/vLsf] ;+:sf/ ;DkGg u/] . e"sDksf sf/0fhLjg u'dfPsfx?sf lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf]sfdgf ub}{ pkTosfsf Ifltu|:t ;Dkbf:yn,b]j:ynnufot ljleGg ;fj{hlgs :yfgx?df;fd'lxs ?kdf efjk"0f{ >4f~hln klg ck{0ful/of] . o;qmddf k"hfkf7, ehg, bLk k|HHjng,;fª\uLlts k|:t'lt, sljtf jfrg, a]n'g p8fgcflb sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/P .

Ps jif{ k"/f ePsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ cfd;~rf/dfWodx?n] dxTj lbPsf 5g\ . kqklqsf /cgnfOgdf o:tf lzif{ssf ;dfrf/ ;fdu|Lx?b]lvPsf 5g\, h;df ljgfzsf/L e"sDk uPsf]Ps jif{kl5sf] kl/b[iosf] s]xL emns kfpg;lsG5 –

…cfz} cfzdf laTof] Ps jif{Ú…cf]efPgg\ kLl8tsf cfFvfÚ…tª\l/g vf]Hb} e"sDk kLl8tÚ

…k'glg{df{0fdf h'6\b} ;'/Iff lgsfoÚ…vr{ ! ca{, kLl8tsf cj:yf p:t}Ú…sfuhL sfdd} laTof] Ps jif{Ú…===t}klg xfFl;Ps} 5 Ú…3/;Fu} dg klg elTsof] Ú…eUgfjz]if;Dd klg klG5Pg Ps jif{dfÚ…6x/fd} laTof] z}lIfs ;qÚ…lahf]u x]g{ lzlj/ hfg' Ú…hLjgn] lhTb}, eon] xfb}{Ú…l;+xb/af/e/L of]hgf, ufpFe/L kL8fÚ…k'glg{df{0f k|lt cIfDo j]jf:tfÚ…cfZjf;g w]/}, pknAwL Go"gÚ…lgs[i6 /fhgLltn] k'glg{df{0fdf cj/f]wÚ…k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f u7g, Ps dfq 7f];sfo{Ú…Disaster preparedness still a far cryÚ…What to do ? where to go ?Ú cflb .ca ;a}sf] Wofg k'glg{df{0fdf s]lGb|t ePsf]5 . ;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf] /fli6«o k'glg{df{0fk|flwsf/0fn] s]xL l9n} ePklg cfkm\gf] sfd;'? ul/;s]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqe"sDkaf6 3/ elTsPsf 3/wgLx?n] ;/sf/n]tf]s]sf] gofF dfkb08, gLltlgod / ejg;+lxtfsf cfwf/df k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd yfn]sf5g\ . ut jif{sf] e"sDkn] …g]kfn e"sDkLohf]lvd If]qdf cfjl:yt 5, s'g} klg a]nfljgfzsf/L e"sDk hfg ;S5, To;}n] ;+/rgfx?e"sDkLo ;'/IffnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL agfpg' k5{ÚeGg] oyfy{ ca s;}n] s;}nfO{ l;sfO/xg',

Ps jif{kl5

k'glg{df{0fsf] dxfo1df h'6]sf] 5 efO{rfsf]kl/jf/

efO{rfsf] Jo:ttf clxn] XjfQ} a9]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n]e'O{+rfnf]n] eTsfPsf 3/, :s'n, d7dlGb/ cflbsf]k'glg{df{0f k|f/De ug]{ jftfj/0f agfO lbP kl5 pm / pmh:tf e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlwsf] tflnd lnO{ ;s]sf8sdL{x? clxn] lgs} Jo:t 5g\ . lgdf{0f sfo{dfk|ToIf ;lqmo x'g] b]lv tflnd glnPsf 8sdL{x?nfO{Jojxfl/s tflnd lbg] sfddf ;d]t pgLx? ;lqmo5g\ .

k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd z'? x'Fbf;fy efO{rf / p;sf 8sdL{;fyLx?n] ;a}eGbf klxnf pgLx?n] e'O{+rfnf] cfPsf]

nuQ} k|wfgfWofksnfO{ lbPsf] jrg cg';f/ :s'nsf]sfof{no ejg agfP . e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfP/pQm ejg agfpFbf tflnd lnO{ /x]sf 8sdL{x?nfO{To;d} k|of]ufTds 1fg klg lbg] rfFhf] ldnfOof] .

#)

w



a'emfO/xg' gkg]{ ePsf] 5 . of] g} e"sDkn]l;sfPsf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kf7 aGg uPsf]5 . kmn:j?k :yfgLo b]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dde"sDkLo ;'/Iff gLlt / k|ljlw ckgfpgljleGg k|of;x? eO{/x]sf b]lvG5g\ . oBlkoL k|of;x?n] ck]lIft ult eg] lng ;s]sf]kfOb}g .

e"sDksf] Ps jif{ k'u]sf] ;Gbe{nfO{ k'glg{df{0fsf]z'ef/De ug]{ cj;/sf] ?kdf pkof]u ug{/fHosf tkm{af6 ljleGg ;Dkbf If]qdf ljz]ifsfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/P . h;cg';f/ k|wfgdGqLs]=kL= cf]nLåf/f :joDe'gfysf] Ifltu|:tcgGtk'/, g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIfk'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Úåf/f kf6g b/af/If]qsf] dl0fd08k kf6L, g]kfnL sfFu|];sf jl/i7g]tf /fdrGb| kf}8]nåf/f xg'dfg9f]sf l:ytj+zuf]kfn dlGb/ / ko{6g, gful/s p88\ogtyf ;F:s[lt dGqL cfgGb kf]v/]n tyf g]kfndhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfglah'S5]åf/f eQmk'/sf] kml;b]u / nfos'b/af/sf] k|j]zåf/ k'glg{df{0fsf] z'ef/De

eof] .

k|flws/0fn] kfFr jif]{ k'glg{df{0f sfo{sf nflu?=^ va{ &) ca{ vr{ x'g] cg'dfg u/]sf]5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# sf] jh]6df;/sf/n] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu ?= &$ ca{5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . t/ @)&@ ;fn ;lsFbf;Ddklg pQm jh]6sf] Ps ltxfO{ /sd dfq vr{x'g ;s]sf] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 .e"sDk uPsf] Ps jif{ k"/f ePsf] lbgk|flws/0fn] lghL 3/ k'glg{df{0fsf nflu;/sf/L cg'bfg kfpgof]Uo e"sDkaf6cltk|efljt lhNnfsf 3/wgLx?sf] gfdfjnL;fj{hlgs u¥of] . ;/sf/n] tLg ls:tf u/Lk|To]s 3/wgLnfO{ Pp6f 3/ agfpg ?=b'O{nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] 5 .h;cg';f/ klxnf] ls:tfdf ? %) xhf/,bf];|f]df ? *) xhf/ / clGtd ls:tfdf ?&) xhf/ pknAw u/fOg] 5 . k|To]s ls:tfsf]cg'bfg /sd k|fKt ug{ ;/sf/n] tf]s]cg';f/e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw / ejg ;+lxtf kfngfu/L …alnof] 3/Ú lgdf{0f u/]sf] x'g}kg]{ Joj:yful/Psf] 5 . -cg'bfg /sddf kl5 ? ! nfvyk u/L ? # nfv k'¥ofOof] ._

Ifltu|:t ljBfnox?df sIff ;~rfngsfnflu agfOPsf c:yfoL l;sfO{ s]Gb| calalu|;s]sf 5g\ . gofF z}lIfs ;q ;'? eof]t/ ljBfyL{x?n] kfpg' kg]{ h:tf] gofF sIffsf]7f kfPgg\ . Ps jif{sf] jiff{t\ / lxpFbvlk;s]sf c:yfoL l;sfO{ s]Gb|n] ca cfpgnfu]sf] jiff{t\ y]Ug ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . t;y{:yfoL sIff ejg gag];Ddsf nflu y]lug]u/L cw{ :yfoL lzsfO{ s]Gb| (Semi -PermanentLearning Centre) agfpg] gLlt lnOPsf]5 .

:s'nsf] sfd ;lsP kl5 efO{rfsf] 6f]nL lghL 3/k'glg{df{0f ug]{ sfddf Jo:t /x]sf] 5 .

e'O{+rfnf] cfpg' cl3;Dd gofF 3/ agfpg rfxg]3/wgLx?nfO{ e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfP/ 3/agfpgdf d~h'/ u/fpg lgs} sl7g lyof] . pgLx?…a]sf/df lsg clnslt ePklg vr{ a9fpg] <Ú,…e'O{+rfnf] cfpg] slxn] slxn], lsg clxn] b]lv 6fpsf]b'vfpg] <Ú, …ltdLn] eg]h:t} l56} 7"n} e'O{rfnf] cfpF5eGg] s] Uof/]G6L 5 / <Ú, …cfO{xfNof] eg] klg To:tf]k|ljlwn] agfPsf] 3/ rfFlx eTsb} eTsb}g eGg] s]lglZrt5 <Ú eGg] h:tf cg]s k|Zg / zª\sf uy]{ . efO{rfn]o:tf w]/} k|Zgx?sf] ;fdgf ug{' kb{Yof] . p;n]3/wgLx?nfO{ e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw / ejg ;+lxtf

kfngfsf] dxTjaf/] /fd|/L ;DemfpFYof] . sltn] s'/fa'em]/ ToxL cg';f/ 3/ agfOlbg' eGy] eg] sltn]dfGb}g lyP . t/ efO{rf / p;sf] 6f]nLn] of] s'/fgdfGg] 3/wgLsf] 3/ agfpg] sfddf xft xfn]gg\ .To;}n] sltko 3/wgLx? pgLx?;Fu l/;fPsf klglyP, hf] clxn] k5'tfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . t/ clxn] l:yltk"/} ablnPsf] 5 . ca s;}nfO{ klg e"sDkLo ;'/Iffk|ljlwsf] aofg ul//xg' kb}{g . of] kl/jt{g b]VbfefO{rf / p;sf ;fyLx?nfO{ ;Gtf]if nfu]sf] 5 .

Pp6f k"/} em/L / Pp6f k"/} l7xL a]3/ eP/ si6k"0f{cj:yfdf latfPsf / cg]sf}+ ladf/L clg c;'ljwfem]n]sf e"sDk kLl8tx? cfufdL em/LeGbf cufj}cfkm\g} 3/sf] e/kbf]{ 5fgf]d'gL 9'Ss;Fu cf>o lngcft'/ 5g\ . t/ of] sfd ;f]r] hlQsf] ;lhnf] eg]

#!

g



sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf sltko v'nf :yfgsfc:yfoL lzlj/df cem klg e"sDk kLl8tx?cf>o lnO/x]sf 5g\ . To:tf lzlj/x?dfjf:tljs e"sDk kLl8t dfq geO{ cGo klg/xg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ljz]if u/L pkTosfaflx/af6 oxfF sfd ug{ cfPsfx? lbge/sfdu/L /flt ;'Tg dfq lzlj/sf] 5fk|f]dfhfg]x? klg 5g\ eg] 8]/f gkfPsfx? klglzlj/leq} u'hf/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . lzlj/dfzf}rfno, kfgL, ;/;kmfO{, :j:ys/ jftfj/0fcflbsf] 7'nf] cefj 5 eg] em}emu8f, rf]/L,of}g b'Jo{jxf/ nufotsf ljs[ltx?n] klg7fpF kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . Ps ;ftf cl3 cfPsf]7"nf] cfFlwx'/Ln] pkTosfsf ljleGg lzlj/x?sf]5t p8fpFbf ToxFf /x]sfx?n] yk ;f:tLJoxf]g'{ k¥of] .

lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfd ;'?ePklg ck]lIft ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n]cfufdL jiff{t\ cufj} ;'/lIft 3/df k|j]zul/;Sg] e"sDk kLl8tx?sf] cfzf / ;/sf/sf]cfZjf;g w/d/fPsf] 5 . k'glg{df{0fsf nflulbOg] ;/sf/L cg'bfgsf] klxnf] ls:tf ? %)xhf/ cToGt sdn] - e"sDk kLl8t ;a}lhNnfsf u/L & nfv &) xhf/n] kfpg' kg]{dfsl/j &)) n] dfq _ kfPsf 5g\ . k|lqmofuthl6ntfsf sf/0f cg'bfgsf cfsfFIfL w]/}3/wgLx? cem} /ge'Nnd} 5g\ . csf]{tkm{tflnd k|fKt 8sdL{sf] klg lgs} cefj 5 .;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlwgckgfO{ 3/ lgdf{0f u/]df cg'bfg gkfOg]

dfq xf]Og 3/ ;d]t alnof] aGb}g . To:tf]k|ljlw ckgfP/ 3/ agfpg sDtLdf Ps hgftflnd k|fKt 8sdL{sf] k|To]s 3/ lgdf{0fsfo{df k|ToIf ;+nUgtf x'g' h?/L 5 . o;}cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL pkTosfsfljleGg :yfgx?df 8sdL{ tflndx? cfof]hgfeO{/x]sf 5g\ . t/ tflnd lnPsf sltko8sdL{x? lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg geO{ cGosfddf ;FnUg x'g ?rfpg], o'jf 8sdL{x?ljb]ztkm{ g} cfslif{t x'g]nufotsf sf/0fn]k'glg{df{0f sfo{n] ck]lIft ult lng g;s]sf]b]lvG5 .

e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t c:ktfn, lzIf0f ;+:yf,;Dkbf If]q, d7dlGb/, ;/sf/L sfof{no,;+:yfg, lghL ;+/rgf cflbsf] k'glg{df{0fsfnflu l8hfOg, nut O:6d]6, cf}krfl/sk|lqmofnufotsf k|f/lDes tof/Lsf sfo{x?wdfwd eO{/x]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] :yfgLo :t/b]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd / JolQm b]lv ;+:yf;Ddn]b[9 OR5fzlQm lnP/ pknAw ;fwg, ;|f]t /;donfO{ clwstd\ ;b'kof]u u/L k'glg{df{0fsf]dxfcleofgnfO{ cl3 a9fPdf e"sDkaf6Ifltu|:t sf7df8f}+ pkTosf nufot ;a}k|efljt lhNnfn] l56} sfFr'nL km]g{ ;Sg]5g\/ e"sDkaf6 ;'/lIft ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0fx'g;Sg]5 . cGoyf of] klxnf] jif{df b]lvPsfsdL, sdhf]/L / u'gf;fx?n] cfufdL jif{x?df;d]t k5\\ofO{ /xg] 5g\ .

5}g . 3/ k'glg{df{0fsf nflu ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf]k|lqmof k"/f ug{', cfly{s hf]xf] ug{', lgdf{0f sfo{sf]lhDdf nufpg tflndk|fKt k|fljlws h'6fpg',u'0f:t/Lo lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yf ug{' cflbr'gf}tLx? e"sDk kLl8t 3/wgLx?sf ;fd' 5g\ .o;sf nflu efO{rf / p;sf] 6f]nLn] cfkm\gf] ;Dks{dfcfPsf 3/wgLx?nfO{ ;/;Nnfx lbP/ ;Sbf] dbb\tul//x]sf 5g\ . p;sf] 6f]nLnfO{ k'glg{df{0fsf] sfddfEofO{ gEofO{ 5 .

efO{rfsf] 5f]/f klg k'glg{df{0fsf] sfddf Jo:t 5eg] 5f]/L gl;{ªsf] k9fO{df. o;}aLr efO{rfsL a'xf/Ln]klg k'glg{df{0fsf] dxfo1df h'6\g] cj;/ kfOg\ –;fdflhs kl/rflnsfsf] ?kdf . e'O{+rfnf]n] eTsfPsflghL 3/x? k'glg{df{0f ug{'kg]{ ;/sf/L gLlt cg';f/3/wgLx?nfO{ alnof] 3/ agfpgdf pTk|]l/t ug{sfnflu lzlIft dlxnfx?nfO{ ljleGg :yfgdf ;fdflhs

#@

kl/rflnsfsf] lhDd]jf/L lbO{ v6fOPsf] 5 . o:tf] dxTjk"0f{lhDd]jf/L kfPsf]df efO{rfsL a'xf/L pT;flxt l5g\, clgefO{rf klg bª\u 5 .

k



Documents

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[ioÆ esDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn · Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] kl/b[io e"sDk k|ljlw /fli6«o ;dfh–g]kfn Uff]/vf e"sDk kZrft\ sf7df8f}+